Ren Suxi and Qin Hao are so steady, I was furious watching Dear Child! The audience said that the reality is even more outrageous.

According to the film Left and Right directed by Wang Xiaoshuai,Hu Kun, the winner of the Golden Rooster Award for Best Screenplay, has been polishing for eight years, and the TV series "Dear Children" has been launched.

The play tells the story of Xiao Lu, a young couple, who married Fang Yinuo for many years and finally welcomed their son. On the day of production, Xiao Lu, who was in a state of chaos outside the delivery room, was unexpectedly absent. With the birth of the child, the novice parents began to meet various challenges after the identity change. The intervention of both parents and the frequent occurrence of a series of family conflicts have led to the turning point and reef of the relationship between husband and wife. In fact, to put it bluntly, this is still a life drama that focuses on family conflicts.

The hero is played by Qin Hao, a husband in a muddle. The plot is updated to the sixth episode, where Ren Suxi’s wife has given birth to the baby, and the hero’s mother will give the baby’s placenta to his brother to stew soup with a phone call. The wife is sitting in the confinement, and the husband is still sleeping soundly, never knowing what sharing is and what responsibility is. This godlike mother-in-law, when she continued to give the diapers saved more than 20 years ago to her granddaughter, her husband was also squeaking and sloppy. The most outrageous thing is that his mother directly compares a woman giving birth to a child with a sow giving birth to a baby, and bluntly says that it is better to give her money than to find a new moon. Under this series of events,The husbands played by Qin Hao seem to be invisible.

The role played by Qin Hao,I was so angry that my wife, Yi Nengjing, personally went off to send Weibo and shouted, "Qin Hao, how can you do this to your wife?"At the same time, because the first broadcast of this drama won the ratings of 1.1, which attracted a lot of people’s attention. The relevant film critics naturally could not fall behind others, and immediately stood up and said that they were so angry that their blood pressure rose, and they accused the filming of being too outrageous. However, this wave of heat seems to have failed to rub well, and many viewers said that,The reality is even more cruel than this. Wonderful mother-in-law and irresponsible husband are everywhere in this real society.

However, because only six episodes have been updated at present, the space displayed is not particularly large, and everyone can’t speculate and interpret the plot excessively.Further discussion depends on the subsequent development of the plot.

However, now this drama has made everyone feel worth pursuing.

For example, there is a scene that left a deep impression on everyone. The family seems to sit together in harmony and enjoy eating hot fried dough-strips soybean milk. But under that scene, the audience felt that the protagonist didn’t eat soybean milk fritters at all, it was a sword and shadow that didn’t turn into an actual weapon. On the surface, everyone is close to each other, but the husband’s face is perfunctory and empty, numb to deal with.

The wife talked about how to arrange the children and how to arrange the next complicated life. In her husband’s mind, she began to flash back to a beautiful woman who was charming and beautiful and had nothing to do with these diapers.This fresh person who looks completely different from the chicken flying and jumping at home has laid the groundwork for her husband’s possible derailment in the future. It was also pointed out that this passage was accompanied by bgm, a very elegant world-class piano song "Swan Lake Overture", which made the plot horrible and strange at once.

Of course, it is impossible to make people willing to pay for this drama just by this scene.It is more because Qin Hao and Ren Suxi, who have completed this undercurrent, have always performed steadily.

Just like this time, after watching Dear Child, many viewers said that they didn’t want to have children. Seeing this chicken flying like a dog and jumping to get married and have children, they felt trouble and left a great psychological shadow on people. Most of the shadows are caused by this unreliable husband, Fang Yinuo, who plays the role of Qin Hao.This is not the first time to cast a psychological shadow on everyone..

Before, in the explosive suspense online drama "The Hidden Corner", all of Chinese did not know whether to climb the mountain or not, and dared not look directly at a wig or the math teacher in your school. The greater the shadow Qin Hao brings to the audience, the more it shows his excellent acting skills and the depth of his role.

So is the heroine Ren Suxi. Her performance in "Water for the Donkey" can be said to be a blockbuster, but she didn’t stop there. It was a flash in the pan, followed by Almost A Comedy and "I’m fine in a foreign land".Continue to maintain this steady and steady momentum., and also won the nomination of the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress. Born in 1988, until now, it has gained popularity, and it can be regarded as a typical representative of post-production people.

The two actors’ acting skills are stable, and the two actors’ selection of scripts is stable enough, so everyone can really maintain a optimistic attitude towards the play.

Provide a strong impetus for building a new development pattern

　　Deepening reform in an all-round way and building a new development pattern are closely related. Based on the new development stage, we should deeply understand the requirements of building a new development pattern from the perspective of reform, continue to make full use of the key measure of reform, play a key role in comprehensively deepening reform, and provide a strong impetus for building a new development pattern.

　　Building a new development pattern is a systematic and deep-seated change that concerns the overall situation.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that building a new development pattern "is a systemic and deep-seated change that concerns the overall situation". "It is related to the overall situation" means that this change involves a wide range, a wide field, has great influence, and has an overall strategic position; "Systematization" means that this reform is a systematic project with overall structural characteristics; "Deep-seated" means that this change does not touch the general and shallow institutional obstacles, but faces severe and complicated risk challenges from internal interest pattern adjustment and external. We should scientifically understand and grasp these characteristics of building a new development pattern, strengthen the overall vision, system concept and risk awareness, and pay attention to forward-looking planning and coordinated promotion.

　　Strengthen the global vision. Planning and promoting the construction of a new development pattern depends on whether it meets the needs of overall development and whether it is conducive to the smooth circulation of the country. It is necessary to implement the central decision-making arrangements for benchmarking, pay attention to planning a domain from the overall situation, serve the overall situation with a domain, and link the construction of a new development pattern with the implementation of the national regional coordinated development strategy and the construction of a free trade pilot zone, so as to strategically arrange the situation and fall in the key areas. Urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas and central cities should give full play to their respective comparative advantages, realize their own development in obedience to the overall situation of service, and strive to create an important growth pole and a new power source for high-quality development.

　　Strengthen the concept of system. Building a new development pattern involves a wide range of aspects. It is necessary to plan reforms from the whole process of economic cycle, the whole chain of industrial cultivation and the whole cycle of enterprise development, strengthen the coordination and linkage of reforms, and amplify the comprehensive effects of reforms. It is necessary to combine top-level design with grass-roots exploration, grasp the timing and rhythm of reform, and promote the coordination of various reform measures in policy orientation, mutual promotion in the implementation process, and complement each other in practical results.

　　Strengthen risk awareness. From the internal and external environment, the construction of a new development pattern faces not only the risk challenges such as the deterioration of the trade environment, but also the deep-seated problems such as cracking the key technology of "blocking the neck" and breaking down the institutional and institutional obstacles. It is necessary to coordinate development and safety, pay attention to preventing and resolving risks from the source, and strengthen investigation, scientific demonstration and risk assessment of major decisions; We should not only be alert to the "black swan" incident, but also guard against the "grey rhinoceros" incident, not only fight a prepared battle against risks, but also fight a strategic initiative battle to turn crises into opportunities, thus providing a guarantee for building a new development pattern.

　　To play the key role of reform, we should grasp several pairs of relationships as a whole.

　　To give full play to the key role of comprehensively deepening reform in building a new development pattern, it is necessary to closely combine planning reform with the requirements of building a new development pattern, make overall plans to grasp the relationship between the market and the government, supply and demand, domestic demand and external demand, and pay attention to the systematic integration, synergy and efficiency of reform measures.

　　Grasp the relationship between effective market and promising government. To build a new development pattern, the role of "invisible hand" and "tangible hand" is indispensable, and it is necessary to promote a better combination of effective market and promising government. It is necessary to improve the system and mechanism in which the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation, accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system, and stimulate the vitality of various market players. At the same time, further intensify the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform to ensure the orderly, standardized and healthy operation of the market.

　　Grasp the relationship between supply side and demand side. To build a new development pattern, we must work together from both sides of supply and demand. It is necessary to adhere to the strategic direction of supply-side structural reform, twist the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, run through all links of production, distribution, circulation and consumption, break through blocking points and linking breakpoints, accelerate the formation of a higher level dynamic balance between demand pulling supply and supply creating demand, and comprehensively improve the overall efficiency of the national economic system.

　　Grasp the relationship between domestic demand and external demand. The construction of a new development pattern emphasizes the domestic big cycle as the main body, but it is not closed to operate behind closed doors. We should actively promote the coordinated development of domestic demand and external demand, make better use of both domestic and international markets and resources, not only accelerate the release of domestic demand potential, give play to the advantages of super-large-scale domestic market, and form a strong domestic economic circulation system and a stable basic disk; We will resolutely break down the obstacles that affect and restrict the effective and smooth flow of the domestic market and the international market, attract global factor resources with a strong domestic cycle, and shape China’s new advantages in participating in international cooperation and competition.

　　Twist the goal and task of building a new development pattern and carry out precise reform

　　To promote various reforms to focus on the formation of a new development pattern, we must seize the goal and task of building a new development pattern and introduce reform plans more accurately.

　　Focus on achieving a high level of self-reliance and deepening reform. The most essential feature of building a new development pattern is to achieve a high level of self-reliance. We must unswervingly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, give full play to the advantages of the new national system, strengthen basic research and applied basic research, lay a solid battle for key core technologies, and overcome the "stuck neck" technology in important fields; Promote the systematization and assimilation of the layout of scientific and technological innovation forces, the allocation of elements and the construction of talent teams, and support the construction of international and regional scientific and technological innovation centers in qualified places; Deepen the reform of science and technology system and mechanism, optimize the national science and technology planning system and operation mechanism, improve the organization and management mode of science and technology projects, innovate the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements, enhance the technological innovation ability of enterprises, and open up Industry-University-Research innovation chain, industrial chain and value chain; We will improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented to innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution, improve and implement basic systems such as scientific research fund management, scientific research evaluation, scientific and technological ethics, and style of study, so as to fully stimulate the innovation vitality of talents.

　　Focus on smooth economic circulation and deepen reform. The unimpeded economic cycle is the key to building a new development pattern. It is necessary to speed up the development of the modern industrial system, put the high-quality development of manufacturing industry in a more prominent position, focus on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries on the one hand and the cultivation and growth of strategic emerging industries on the other, make overall plans to promote the filling of short boards and forging long boards, promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial chain supply chain, enhance the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain supply chain, and accelerate the formation of a modern industrial system with stronger innovation, higher added value, and safer and more reliable; Vigorously build a modern circulation system, promote the hardware and software construction of the modern circulation system as a whole, build a modern comprehensive transportation system, and accelerate the formation of a safe and efficient logistics network with internal and external connectivity; We will continue to deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors, improve the market-oriented allocation mechanism of land, capital, labor, data, knowledge and technology, speed up the removal of institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder the free flow of factors, and better improve the production efficiency and benefits of various sectors of the national economy.

　　Focus on cultivating a complete domestic demand system and deepen reform. Forming a strong domestic market demand is an important support for building a new development pattern. We should pay close attention to establishing an effective system to expand domestic demand, focus on releasing consumer demand, continue to expand effective investment, and give full play to the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment; Further strengthen and improve the redistribution adjustment mechanism, solidly promote common prosperity, and accelerate the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural development and the gap between residents’ living standards; Promote the coordinated development of regional urban and rural areas and promote the formation of a regional economic layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development; Intensify rural reform, establish and improve an effective linkage mechanism between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization and urban-rural integration.

　　Focus on promoting high-level opening up and deepening reform. China’s economy has been deeply integrated into the world economy, and the internal and external demand markets are interdependent and mutually promoting. It is necessary to open up to the outside world in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level, and promote the construction of a new open economic system at a higher level; Relying on systematic, standardized and legalized rules and regulations, we will effectively link up with advanced international economic and trade rules and regulations, create a market-oriented, legalized and internationalized business environment, and win the initiative of economic development and international competition with the initiative of opening to the outside world.

Pilot Free Trade Zone： Braving the Tide in the Era of Reform and Opening-up (10th Anniversary Tour of Pilot Free Trade Zone)

　　If you open the column,

　　Building a free trade pilot zone is an important strategic measure for the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to promote reform and opening up in the new era. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the construction of China’s Pilot Free Trade Zone. In the past ten years, their respective pilot free trade zones have implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, emancipated their minds, kept upright and innovated, launched a large number of basic and pioneering reform and opening-up measures, and formed many landmark and leading institutional innovations, effectively playing the role of a comprehensive experimental platform for reform and opening up.

　　Starting from today, this newspaper will open a column entitled "10th Anniversary Tour of Pilot Free Trade Zone Construction", which will fully report the course of China’s pilot free trade zone construction in the past 10 years, and reflect the new breakthroughs and progress made in the transformation of government functions, the strategy of serving the country, the liberalization and facilitation of investment and trade, and the financial openness and innovation to serve the real economy.

　　Recently, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions on further promoting the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, stressing that in the new journey, on the basis of comprehensively summing up the ten-year construction experience, we should thoroughly implement the upgrading strategy of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, be brave in pioneering and tackling difficulties, explore in a wider field and at a deeper level, and strive to build a higher-level pilot free trade zone.

　　In September 2013, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was established. In the past ten years, the construction of China’s Pilot Free Trade Zone has been advancing all the way, and 21 pilot free trade zones have been set up in six batches, basically forming a new pattern of reform and opening up covering the east, west, north and south, and coordinating the coastal inland areas. In the new era and new journey, the respective trade pilot zones continue to change their concepts, bravely stand at the forefront of the times, comprehensively deepen reform and expand opening up, promote institutional innovation, and promote high-quality development.

　　 　There has been a new breakthrough in institutional innovation

　　Today, the products of South China University of Technology Industry Co., Ltd. have covered many overseas markets such as Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania, thanks to various reform measures in Hubei Pilot Free Trade Zone.

　　For example, Zhang Xi, manager of the international business department of South China University of Technology, said: "Under the new mode of consolidated taxation, enterprises can first remove the goods and then pay taxes centrally within the prescribed tax payment period, effectively reducing the financial pressure on enterprises and reducing customs clearance costs." More than that, from "paperless" to "free filling", to "one-stop online" and finally to "one-day", the export tax rebate process has been continuously optimized and convenient. In 2022, the total export tax rebate of South China University of Technology reached 123 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%.

　　Since the establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, it has shouldered the heavy responsibility of institutional innovation and reform breakthrough. In the past ten years, the respective pilot free trade zones have taken institutional innovation as the core, replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, and risk prevention and control as the bottom line, and made every effort to promote reform and opening-up innovation in related fields, exploring new ways and accumulating new experiences for comprehensively deepening reform and opening up.

　　Deepen the reform of the commercial system and stimulate the vitality of enterprises. Nansha District of Guangdong Pilot Free Trade Zone has realized "no appointment", "zero meeting", "all-weather", "paperless" and "intelligent" through the new mode of intelligent electronic registration. Through the implementation of standardized and intelligent declaration, the pass rate of self-declaration of enterprise name and the first application rate of electronic registration in the whole process all exceeded 90%, and the daily average business handling capacity of registrants increased by more than 30%. Applicants can print their own business licenses in 10 minutes at the earliest.

　　Accelerate the reform of trade facilitation and improve the timeliness of customs clearance. In the West Coast Comprehensive Bonded Zone of Qingdao Area in Shandong Pilot Free Trade Zone, 16 containers and 314 tons of imported cotton passed through the intelligent weighing platform, and the rapid weighing and certification were completed within half an hour. Qingdao Huangdao Port is the largest cotton import port in China, accounting for about 60% of the country’s imports. In order to improve the level of imported cotton trade facilitation, in August 2020, Huangdao Customs launched the "integrated inspection" supervision mode of imported cotton in Qingdao Free Trade Zone, integrating customs port quarantine, destination inspection, weight identification, sampling and inspection, and improving the convenience of imported cotton customs clearance.

　　On August 18th, China Ship Fuel Co., Ltd. completed the approval of a paperless business of direct supply of bonded fuel oil across customs areas. This batch of bonded fuel is delivered from Zhoushan oil depot, transported to Meishan Port Area of Zhoushan Port, Ningbo, and added to international navigation ships. Hangzhou Customs focused on the open development of the whole oil and gas industry chain, continued to deepen the regulatory reform, and helped Zhoushan area of Zhejiang Pilot Free Trade Zone to build the largest large-scale petrochemical base, energy security base and oil and gas trading port in China.

　　Explore innovation in the financial sector and serve the development of the real economy. Since 2013, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange has tried 24 innovative measures for foreign exchange management in six batches of free trade trials, and copied and promoted nearly 20 measures nationwide in accordance with the principle of "mature one and copy one". In 2022, the cross-border revenue and expenditure of the Pilot Free Trade Zone increased by 14.7% year-on-year, 8.7 percentage points higher than that of the whole country.

　　 　Promote opening up and make new progress.

　　On the afternoon of September 1st, a remanufactured engine imported by Volvo Construction Equipment (China) Co., Ltd. for articulated off-highway dump trucks was declared at Shanghai Pudong Customs and delivered directly to the enterprise warehouse. "This engine is no less than a new product in terms of quality characteristics and safety and environmental protection performance. The smooth customs clearance of the first order of goods has reassured us to carry out the import business of overseas remanufactured products in the future. " Chen Chaoping, vice president of Volvo construction equipment service and spare parts, said.

　　At the beginning of the establishment of the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, it set its sights on docking international high-standard economic and trade rules, took the lead in implementing the national treatment plus negative list management model before foreign investment access, and promoted the historical transformation of the investment management system. The development of Volvo in China is closely related to a series of policies of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone to promote high-level opening to the outside world. Four years ago, the company completed the "first order" offshore trade in the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, and then the company moved its Asian headquarters to Shanghai. Now Volvo has become the first crab-eating enterprise in the "Pilot Import of Remanufactured Products in Key Industries" in China.

　　Openness is a gene engraved in the bones of the Pilot Free Trade Zone. In the past ten years, the Pilot Free Trade Zone has been guided by a high level of openness, focused on exploring an institutional system that is in line with international economic and trade rules, systematically promoted reforms that conform to market rules, and achieved a series of breakthrough and leading innovations.

　　Since the Pilot Free Trade Zone launched the first negative list of foreign investment access in China, after seven reductions, the number of negative list items has been reduced from the initial 190 to 27, and the number of manufacturing items has been zero. In 2021, the first negative list of cross-border service trade was launched in Hainan to promote the better connection between China’s service trade management and international high-standard economic and trade rules. At present, the list has been well implemented in Hainan, which has become an important reform in the opening up of China’s service industry and laid a solid foundation for its implementation in a wider scope.

　　Differentiated exploration, opening up along the border has a new atmosphere. At Pingxiang Friendship Pass Port in Chongzuo Area of Guangxi Pilot Free Trade Zone, trucks loaded with fruits imported from ASEAN cleared customs in an orderly manner. Youyiguan Port is one of the most convenient land ports from China to Vietnam and other ASEAN countries. In order to ensure "zero delay" in fruit clearance in peak season, Youyiguan Port re-optimizes the traffic routes of inbound and outbound vehicles, and takes the lead in implementing "multi-card integration" of customs and border inspection departments at border ports across the country to share a bayonet, greatly shortening the traffic time of vehicles. In the first half of this year, ASEAN fruits imported through Youyiguan Port reached 381,000 tons, with a value of 11.39 billion yuan, up by 130.1% and 520.6% respectively.

　　"From promoting the upgrading of port energy level to promoting the construction of major open platforms, from promoting the development of industries with distinctive advantages to optimizing the port business environment, Guangxi will further give play to the policy advantages of the Pilot Free Trade Zone and promote the realization of high-level opening up." Bai Lan, full-time deputy director of the China (Guangxi) Pilot Free Trade Zone Office, said.

　　In 2022, 21 pilot free trade zones accounted for 18.1% of foreign investment and 17.9% of import and export trade in China, with less than four thousandths of land area, and further increased to 18.4% and 18.6% in the first half of this year.

　　 　High-quality development has achieved new results

　　On September 21st, the opening ceremony of Wazhou Wind Power Spindle Bearing Company was held in Dalian, Liaoning Pilot Free Trade Zone. The total investment of the project is 1 billion yuan, with a total construction area of 32,000 square meters. The new factory will intellectualize and digitize the traditional production process and management mode, and mainly build a series of fist products with high-end brand inheritance of Wazhou. It is estimated that the annual output of bearings will be 36,000 sets, with an annual output value exceeding 1.5 billion yuan.

　　Dalian Free Trade Zone gives full play to the advantages of equipment manufacturing technology and talents in the old industrial base in Northeast China and the advantages of pioneering and testing in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and strives to cultivate and expand advanced equipment manufacturing industrial clusters. Now, it has formed a number of characteristic subdivisions such as CNC machine tools, refrigeration equipment, special containers, auxiliary power devices, nuclear power equipment and special motors. There are 154 advanced equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated size in the region, with an output value of 28.1 billion yuan in 2022.

　　In the past ten years, the respective pilot trade zones have actively promoted the development of new industries, new formats and new models, and built a number of industrial clusters with strong competitiveness, injecting new kinetic energy into high-quality development.

　　Create a public service platform and promote the agglomeration of new industrial elements. Nanjing Area of Jiangsu Pilot Free Trade Zone has built the first integrated circuit public service platform covering all production factors in China, highlighting demand orientation and transforming and upgrading the service industry. "The platform jointly provides all-factor services such as public technology, talent training and core machine linkage for integrated circuit enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta." Lin Qikun, member of the Party Working Committee of Nanjing Jiangbei New District and deputy director of the Management Committee, said that up to now, the platform has provided more than 13,000 public technical services, with a service amount of over 500 million yuan, supporting the research and development innovation of nearly 600 kinds of chip products.

　　In response to market demand, Nanjing Customs cooperated with the commercial department to formulate an implementation plan for enterprises in the Pilot Free Trade Zone to carry out bonded maintenance business according to the maintenance catalogue of the comprehensive bonded zone, and promoted the bonded maintenance policy to cover the Pilot Free Trade Zone.

　　Seize the new wave of digitalization and promote the vigorous development of new formats. In March of this year, Zhejiang Pilot Free Trade Zone released the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone (2023— 2027), clearly pointed out that it will build a leading digital economy industrial system, take the lead in integrating high-standard digital trade rules, and promote the establishment of a data-based system. Strive to increase the import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce to 420 billion yuan by 2027, the trade volume of digital services to 250 billion yuan, and the growth rate of added value of core manufacturing industries in the digital economy to maintain above 8%.

　　Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone has established a modern industrial system with six major industries as the core: China Core, Innovative Medicine, Intelligent Manufacturing, Blue Sky Dream, Future Car and Data Port. Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone has gathered strength to develop the financial leasing industry and become the second largest gathering place for aircraft leasing in the world. There are tens of thousands of oil and gas enterprises in Zhejiang Pilot Free Trade Zone, and the scale of bonded fuel oil filling ranks fifth in the world. Hubei Pilot Free Trade Zone has gathered more than 16,000 optoelectronic information enterprises, making it the largest technology R&D and production base in the field of optical communication in China. There are more than 4,000 biomedical enterprises in Jiangsu Pilot Free Trade Zone, with an annual output value of over 400 billion yuan.

　　Standing at a new starting point, China Pilot Free Trade Zone is taking high-level opening as the guide, taking institutional innovation as the core, coordinating development and safety, connecting international economic and trade rules with high standards, deepening institutional opening, strengthening overall planning and system integration of reform, promoting the innovative development of the whole industrial chain, giving full play to the demonstration role of Pilot Free Trade Zone, and striving to make greater contributions to promoting Chinese modernization.

One-week procuratorial hot spots (May 14-May 20)

Cao Jianming meets Kessler, director of European anti-fraud office

　　On May 17th, Cao Jianming, Attorney General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, met with Kessler, Director of European Anti-Fraud Office in Beijing. Cao Jianming said that in recent years, the China government has attached great importance to anti-corruption work, strengthened international cooperation against corruption and achieved positive results. China’s procuratorial organs are willing to further strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the European Anti-Fraud Office in various fields, such as case investigation, information exchange, business discussion, etc., and expect the two sides to reach more consensus and form more cooperation results in combating transnational corruption crimes. [detailed]

Cao Jianming: Strive to build a procuratorial team that dares to be honest and clean.

　　From May 16th to 17th, the National Conference on Team Building of Procuratorial Organs and the Sixth National Commendation Conference of Advanced Grassroots Procuratorates were held in Beijing. Cao Jianming, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, attended the meeting and made an important speech. [detailed]

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate commended the 6th National Advanced Grassroots Procuratorate.

　　From May 16th to 17th, the National Conference on Team Building of Procuratorial Organs and the Sixth National Commendation Conference of Advanced Grassroots Procuratorates were held in Beijing. At this meeting, Cao Jianming and other leaders of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate presented awards to the representatives of the winners of the Sixth National Advanced Grassroots Procuratorate and the Grassroots Procuratorate Construction Organization Award. [detailed]

Cao Jianming: Improve the two-way communication mechanism between procuratorial organs and law schools

　　On May 13th, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held the fourth batch of symposium of legal experts on secondment. Cao Jianming, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, stressed at the forum that the attachment of legal experts to procuratorial organs plays a very important role in prospering Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s procuratorial theory research, improving Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s procuratorial system and promoting the innovative development of procuratorial undertakings. Procuratorial organs should conscientiously implement the requirements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on "improving the two-way exchange mechanism between the political and legal departments, law schools and law research institutions, and implementing the mutual employment plan between universities and the legal work departments", further deepen exchanges and interactions with the legal profession, promote complementary advantages, realize the deep integration of legal research and judicial practice, strengthen the construction of the legal work team, and comprehensively promote the rule of law. [detailed]

The Office of Investigation and Supervision of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held an expert forum to listen to opinions on strengthening investigation and supervision.

　　On the morning of May 17th, the Office of Investigation and Supervision of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held an expert forum to listen to the opinions and suggestions of experts and scholars. Chen Weidong, a professor at Renmin University of China Law School, Chen Ruihua, a professor at Peking University Law School, Wang Minyuan, a researcher at the Institute of Law of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhou Guangquan, a professor at Tsinghua University Law School, Qu Xinjiu, a professor at China University of Political Science and Law, and Wan Yi, a professor at Sichuan University Law School, attended the forum. [detailed]

The results of the selection of "excellent criminal protest cases" by national procuratorial organs were announced.

　　The results of the selection of "excellent criminal protest cases" organized by the Public Prosecution Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate recently were announced, and 20 "excellent criminal protest cases" and 100 "excellent criminal protest cases" were awarded. [detailed]

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate promulgated the working rules of the party group to comprehensively and systematically standardize the work of the party group.

　　The Supreme People’s Procuratorate recently promulgated the "Working Rules for the Party Group in the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (Trial)", which clearly stipulated the responsibilities, principles, systems, procedures, supervision, responsibilities and self-construction of the Party Group of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. All matters within the scope of the responsibilities of the party group shall be decided by the members of the party group through collective discussion in accordance with the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and no individual or minority has the right to decide. [detailed]

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued a document to standardize the special work of cracking down on telecommunication network fraud crimes

　　The Supreme People’s Procuratorate recently issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Combating and Rectifying Telecommunication Network Fraud Crimes", demanding that the investigation and supervision departments of the national procuratorial organs attach great importance to it and act quickly to do a good job in cracking down on telecommunication network fraud crimes. [detailed]

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate announced the new national compensation standard, and the daily compensation for infringement of citizens’ personal freedom was 242.3 yuan.

　　The Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued a notice on May 16th, requesting people’s procuratorates at all levels to implement a new daily compensation standard of 242.3 yuan when handling state compensation cases as the organ liable for compensation, which is 22.58 yuan higher than that of the previous year. [detailed]

Jiang Jianchu: Fill in the shortcomings, increase the intensity of handling cases and promote the coordinated development of public interest litigation pilot work

　　The promotion meeting of the pilot work of public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs was held in Beijing on May 17th. Jiang Jianchu, Deputy Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, attended the meeting and stressed that the procuratorates in the pilot areas should thoroughly implement the spirit of the National People’s Congress and the important instructions of Attorney-General Cao Jianming on the pilot work of public interest litigation, sum up experience, sort out problems, improve ideas and measures, increase the intensity of handling cases, and actively, steadily, comprehensively and continuously promote the pilot work of public interest litigation. [detailed]

Jiang Jianchu: Giving full play to the pioneering spirit and promoting the innovation of public interest litigation system

　　The Seminar on Exploring the Establishment of Public Interest Litigation System by Procuratorial Organs, jointly organized by the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, China Constitutional Law Research Association, China Administrative Law Research Association and China Civil Procedure Law Research Association, was held in Beijing on May 16th. Jiang Jianchu, Deputy Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. He pointed out that it is necessary to fully respect the grassroots initiative, encourage all pilot units to actively explore and practice, and accumulate experience for comprehensively promoting reform. [detailed]

Jiang Jianchu: Do a good job in reporting with a positive attitude.

　　The national symposium on standardizing the management of reporting clues by procuratorial organs was held in Luoyang City, Henan Province from May 11th to 12th. Jiang Jianchu, Deputy Attorney General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. He stressed that procuratorial organs at all levels should strictly implement and constantly improve the reporting system, take strengthening and standardizing the management of reporting clues as the main line, strengthen the construction of the main reporting channels, strengthen the review of initial nuclear and non-filing reporting clues, strengthen the protection, reward and clarification of informants, and do a good job in reporting with a positive attitude. [detailed]

Li Rulin: Strengthening theoretical research as the spiritual force to improve the procuratorial system.

　　On May 19th, the China Prosecutorial Research Association and the 17th National Prosecutorial Theory Research Annual Conference were held in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The theme of the conference was "Governing the country according to law and improving the procuratorial system". Li Rulin, Deputy Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, attended the meeting and pointed out that under the background of ruling the country according to law, to realize the continuous reform, perfection and development of procuratorial system and procuratorial work, we should deeply understand the relationship between theoretical research and career development, and take strengthening theoretical research as the spiritual force to promote work, improve system and deepen reform. [detailed]

Wang Shaofeng: Set off the upsurge of catching up with learning and create a new situation in the construction of grass-roots colleges

　　A few days ago, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held the sixth national symposium for representatives of the chief procurators of advanced grass-roots procuratorates. Focusing on the theme of comprehensively promoting the construction of grass-roots procuratorates to a new level and opening up a new situation, the participants exchanged in-depth experiences and suggestions on learning and understanding the spirit of Cao Jianming’s important speech, innovating ideas and strengthening measures at a new starting point to promote the construction of grass-roots procuratorates. Wang Shaofeng, director of the Political Department of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, attended the forum and delivered a speech. He stressed that advanced grass-roots procuratorates should actively play an exemplary role, comprehensively promote grass-roots procuratorial work at a new starting point, and lay a solid foundation for the development of procuratorial work. [detailed]

Wang Shaofeng: Make clear the target direction, be determined to reform and innovate, and comprehensively promote the construction of procuratorial team in the new period

　　On May 17th, the National Conference on Team Building of Procuratorial Organs and the Sixth National Commendation Conference of Advanced Grassroots Procuratorates ended. In his speech, Wang Shaofeng, member of the Party Group of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and director of the Political Department, stressed that it is necessary to take the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the important instructions for the construction of the political and legal team as the guide, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important instructions of Secretary Meng Jianzhu and the spirit of the important speech of Attorney General Cao Jianming, unswervingly follow the road of building the procuratorial team in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, further invigorate the spirit, and make concerted efforts and efforts in Qi Xin to comprehensively promote the construction of the procuratorial team in the new era. [detailed]

Lu Xi: Effectively improve the ability of investigating and preventing police officers to use anti-corruption according to law.

　　On May 13th, the distance education training course for the investigation and prevention personnel of duty crimes in the national procuratorial organs started in Beijing. Lu Xi, a full-time member of the the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Procuratorate and director of the General Administration of Anti-Corruption and Bribery, spoke at the opening ceremony, stressing that procuratorial organs at all levels should earnestly improve the ability of investigating and preventing police officers to fight corruption according to law and use corruption, and fully shoulder the historical responsibility entrusted by the party and the people. [detailed]

Procuratorial organs have approved the arrest of 125 people suspected of illegal operation of vaccines.

　　As of May 19, the procuratorial organs have approved the arrest of 125 people suspected of illegal operation of vaccines in handling a series of cases of illegal operation of vaccines, and put on record 22 cases of 37 people involved in vaccine duty crimes. [detailed]

Vietnamese procuratorial delegation visits Guangxi

　　On May 17th, Cui Zhiyou, Procurator-General of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Procuratorate, met with Chen Gongfan, Deputy Procurator-General of Vietnamese Supreme Procuratorate, and his party in Guilin. [detailed]

Procuratorial organs’ public interest litigation pilot: over 70% of cases in the field of ecological environment and resources.

　　In the past year, the procuratorial organs have found 1233 clues of public interest litigation cases, of which more than 70% are in the field of ecological environment and resource protection. Up to now, the procuratorates in the pilot areas have completed 689 cases of pre-litigation procedures and filed 16 public interest lawsuits with the courts. [detailed]

Procuratorial organs have accepted 1.074 million clues in the past three years.

　　A few days ago, the national procuratorate held a symposium on standardizing the management of reporting clues. It was learned at the meeting that from 2013 to 2015, the national procuratorial organs accepted a total of 1.074 million tips, an increase of 95.9% over the previous three years. [detailed]

The Sichuan Provincial Procuratorate decided to arrest Yang Enlin according to law.

　　On May 18th, 2016, Sichuan Provincial People’s Procuratorate decided to arrest Yang Enlin (deputy department level), former member of the Standing Committee of Deyang Municipal Committee and deputy mayor, on suspicion of accepting bribes. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

Shandong procuratorate decided to put Zhang Zongren on file for investigation according to law.

　　A few days ago, entrusted by the Shandong Provincial People’s Procuratorate, the Laixi Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed an investigation on Zhang Zongren (deputy department level), chairman and party secretary of Qingdao Zhongtai Group Co., Ltd., suspected of corruption and bribery, and took compulsory measures. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

Shandong procuratorate decided to put Zhang Zhengxin on file for investigation according to law.

　　A few days ago, assigned by the Shandong Provincial People’s Procuratorate, the Qingdao Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed an investigation into the suspected corruption of Zhang Zhengxin (deputy department level), the former chairman, general manager and party secretary of Qingdao Beverage Group Co., Ltd.. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

Shandong procuratorate decided to put Wang Kaisheng on file for investigation according to law.

　　A few days ago, assigned by the Shandong Provincial People’s Procuratorate, the Qingdao Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed a case against Wang Kaisheng, the former deputy director-level inspector of Qingdao State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, for alleged corruption and privately dividing state-owned assets, and took compulsory measures. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

The Guizhou Provincial Procuratorate decided to file a case for investigation on Long ‘ao according to law.

　　A few days ago, the People’s Procuratorate of Guizhou Province decided to file a case for investigation on Long Ao (deputy department level), the former chief animal husbandry officer of Guizhou Agricultural Committee, suspected of illegally approving the crime of occupying land, and take compulsory measures. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

The Guizhou Provincial Procuratorate decided to file an investigation against Huang Xiao according to law.

　　A few days ago, the People’s Procuratorate of Guizhou Province decided to file an investigation on Huang Xiao (deputy department level), a member of the leading group and deputy director of the Agricultural Committee of Guizhou Province, suspected of illegally approving the occupation of land and accepting bribes, and take compulsory measures. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

Anhui procuratorate filed a case against Yang Delin according to law.

　　On May 13th, 2016, under the jurisdiction designated by Anhui Provincial People’s Procuratorate, Fuyang Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed an investigation against Yang Delin (deputy department level), deputy director of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, on suspicion of accepting bribes, and took compulsory measures. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

Jiangsu procuratorate decided to file an investigation on Xia parenting according to law.

　　A few days ago, the People’s Procuratorate of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province decided, after examination, to file an investigation on Xia Yangyu (director level), chairman of the Siyang County CPPCC, on suspicion of accepting bribes and take compulsory measures. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

The Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region decided to file a case against Jia Chaoqiang according to law.

　　A few days ago, the People’s Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region decided, after examination, to file an investigation on Jia Chaoqiang (deputy department level), the former deputy general manager of Guangxi Honggui Asset Management (Group) Co., Ltd., suspected of accepting bribes. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Procuratorate decided to arrest Xu Yalin according to law.

　　On May 13th, 2016, the People’s Procuratorate of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to arrest Xu Yalin (deputy department level), deputy mayor of Tongliao Municipal Government, on suspicion of accepting bribes. The investigation of the case is in progress. [detailed]

Jilin procuratorate prosecuted Jing Chunhua for allegedly accepting bribes and the huge amount of property with unknown sources.

　　Jing Chunhua, former member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Hebei Provincial Committee and Secretary-General, was suspected of taking bribes and the source of huge amounts of property was unknown. After the investigation was completed, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate appointed the People’s Procuratorate of Jilin Province and transferred it to the People’s Procuratorate of Changchun City, Jilin Province for review and prosecution. Recently, the Changchun Municipal People’s Procuratorate has filed a public prosecution with the Changchun Intermediate People’s Court. [detailed]

Beijing Procuratorate sent forensic doctors to supervise Lei’s autopsy.

　　At present, the corpse inspection is being entrusted to the appraisal unit according to the procedure and considering the wishes of Lei’s family. The Beijing Procuratorate sent forensic doctors to supervise the whole process. The extracted video materials are being tested and identified by the technical department of the Municipal Procuratorate. [detailed]

Guangdong: held a conference on procuratorial propaganda work

　　On May 18th, the Guangdong Provincial Procuratorate held a meeting on the news and propaganda work of the procuratorial organs in this province. Zheng Hong, the chief procurator of the provincial procuratorate, stressed at the meeting that the procuratorial organs in the province should incorporate the news propaganda work into the responsibility system for party building work, and deploy, implement, inspect and assess it with the procuratorial work; It is necessary to establish and improve an open, dynamic, transparent and convenient sunshine procuratorial mechanism to better protect the people’s right to know, participate and supervise. [detailed]

Qinghai: Launching the Year of Standardization of Law Enforcement and Justice.

　　On May 17th, Qinghai Provincial Procuratorate held a video mobilization meeting for the activity of "Year of Standardization of Law Enforcement and Justice". The activity started in May this year and ended at the end of December 2017. [detailed]

Heilongjiang: Increase the promotion of electronic files.

　　Since the electronic file system was fully launched this year, the procuratorial organs in Heilongjiang Province have continuously stepped up the promotion of electronic file work. Up to now, 4,287 pieces of 9,001 electronic files have been produced, with a completion rate of 82.90%. Received lawyers to read 887 papers and 2242 volumes. [detailed]

Henan: clarifying the public prosecution link and listening to lawyers’ opinions

　　Recently, according to a person in charge of the public prosecution department of the Henan Provincial Procuratorate, the hospital, in combination with the actual procuratorial work, formulated the "Several Provisions on Listening to Lawyers’ Opinions in the Review and Prosecution (Trial)", clearly stating that the public prosecution department should listen to lawyers’ opinions in person when reviewing and prosecuting cases, and put them on record. [detailed]

Shandong: In 12 years, 38,000 procuratorial police officers were trained.

　　Recently, the opening ceremony of the new site of Shandong Prosecutor Training College was held, which was attended and unveiled by Wu Pengfei, the chief procurator of the provincial procuratorate. Wu Pengfei asked the college to take this opportunity to further strengthen the teaching management and logistics support, so that the education and training work can be carried out vigorously, orderly and effectively. [detailed]

Xinjiang: Launching the Year Activities of Promoting Procuratorial Work in Grass-roots People’s Bank of China

　　On the morning of May 16th, the special activity of "Promotion Year of Grass-roots Civil Administrative Procuratorial Work" of procuratorial organs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was officially launched. Neh phase, Yi bulayin, Procurator-General of the Autonomous Region Procuratorate, demanded that special activities should be taken as an opportunity to strengthen the organization and leadership of the procuratorial work of the People’s Bank of China, identify the "shortcomings" of the procuratorial work of the People’s Bank of China, and give full play to the functional role of the grass-roots civil administrative procuratorial work. [detailed]

Shaanxi: More than 196,000 online circulation cases were handled in three years.

　　On May 12th, Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate held a working meeting on procuratorial technical information. At the meeting, it was learned that Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate attached great importance to the strong inspection of science and technology and realized online handling, circulation and supervision of all cases. The establishment of network remote command, judgment and interview systems has improved the quality and efficiency of handling cases. In the past three years, the province’s procuratorial organs have handled and circulated more than 196,000 cases online, and 9,502 cases have been examined and identified. [detailed]

Guangdong: launching the selection of the public’s favorite prosecutors

　　A few days ago, the Guangdong Provincial Procuratorate organized the selection campaign of "Defending Justice-Guangdong Outstanding Prosecutor Favored by the Masses". First, the candidates were submitted by the municipal procuratorates, and the candidates were required to demonstrate the value pursuit of loyalty, justice and justice for the people, reflecting the correct concept of procuratorial development and justice, which was deeply loved by the masses and had a high social reputation. [detailed]

Liaoning: Deploy the inspection work of procuratorial organs in the whole province

　　The teleconference on inspection work of procuratorial organs in Liaoning Province was held in Shenyang on May 13th. The meeting arranged the inspection tasks of procuratorial organs in Liaoning Province at present and in the future. [detailed]

Shaanxi: cooperation between inspection and school promotes the development of procuratorial technology

　　On May 12th, Hu Taiping, Procurator-General of Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate, and Jia Yu, President of northwest university of politics and law, signed a cooperation agreement between Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate and northwest university of politics and law Judicial Appraisal Teaching and Research Practice Base and the National Laboratory of Judicial Appraisal Center of Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate. [detailed]

Shandong: Strive to Build a "Smart Procuratorate"

　　On May 12th, Shandong Provincial Procuratorate held a working conference on electronic procuratorial work of procuratorial organs in the whole province. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to unite the strength and wisdom of the procuratorial organs in the province, keep pace with the times, deepen and upgrade the procuratorial informatization construction from a higher starting point, and strive to build a "smart procuratorate" with horizontal integration, vertical penetration, high integration, in-depth application, transparency, convenience, safety and controllability, which will inject more substantial scientific and technological content into the innovative development of procuratorial work in the province. [detailed]

Guangdong: Training Young Backbone to Improve Comprehensive Abilities

　　Recently, the training course for young backbone prosecutors in Guangdong Province started, and 107 young prosecutors from procuratorates at all levels in the province participated in an 18-day comprehensive, interactive and guided quality improvement training. [detailed]

Sichuan: Fighting against poverty based on functional services and guarantees

　　A few days ago, the Sichuan Provincial Procuratorate and the Provincial Bureau of Poverty Alleviation and Immigration jointly held a video conference, which was held in all townships and counties and districts of the province. It is the first time that a conference of this scale has been held in this hospital. The meeting deployed the special work of centralized rectification and strengthening the prevention of duty crimes in the field of poverty alleviation in Sichuan Province, and introduced specific measures to rectify and prevent duty crimes in the field of poverty alleviation. [detailed]

Yunnan: an entrepreneur who serves the non-public economy

　　Recently, Yu Dingcheng, vice chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce, led 14 private entrepreneurs to the provincial procuratorate to have a face-to-face discussion and exchange with Li Ning, the chief procurator of the provincial procuratorate, to explore the measures and methods for the procuratorial organs to serve the healthy development of the non-public economy. [detailed]

Chongqing: Thematic discussion promotes "two studies and one work"

　　Recently, the Central Group of the Party Group of Chongqing Procuratorate held a study meeting, and the main leaders of the branch discussed how to do a good job in the study and education of "two studies and one work". [detailed]

Inner Mongolia carries out fine management activities.

　　Recently, the Procuratorate of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region held a video conference to mobilize and deploy the three-year fine management activities of procuratorial organs in the region. [detailed]

Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission, the General Office of the Ministry of Finance

General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission General Office of the Ministry of Finance General Office of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China
Notice on issues related to further improving the implementation of the phased holdover social insurance premium policy
No.50 [2022] issued by the Department of Human Resources and Social Security

The human resources and social security departments (bureaus), development and reform commissions and finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and the tax bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China:

In order to further implement the requirements of the Notice on Expanding the Implementation Scope of Staged Holding Social Insurance Premium Policy (No.31 [2022] issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security), give full play to the effect of phased holding social insurance premium policy, and promote the insurance market players to protect employment and people’s livelihood, relevant issues are hereby notified as follows:

1. Since September 2022, all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (hereinafter referred to as regions) can further expand the scope of implementation of the holdover policy according to the epidemic situation and social insurance fund situation in the region, covering all small and medium-sized enterprises in the region that are greatly affected by the epidemic and have difficulties in production and operation, individual industrial and commercial households that participate in the insurance in the form of units, institutions participating in the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees and various social organizations, so that the phased holdover social insurance premium policy will benefit more market participants.

Second, after the expiration of the phased deferred social insurance premium policy, enterprises can be allowed to repay the deferred social insurance premium by stages or month by month before the end of 2023. Late fees are exempted during the overdue period.

Three, local social insurance agencies in providing social security payment inquiry, issued a proof of payment, the enterprise in accordance with the policies and regulations of holdover, overdue period identified as normal payment status, not for arrears. During the enterprise holdover period, it is necessary to fulfill the obligation of withholding and remitting employees’ individual contributions according to law. If it has been withheld and remitted according to law, the employee’s individual payment status is recognized as normal payment. At the same time, it is necessary to actively cooperate with relevant local departments to properly handle the convergence issues with policies such as employee settlement, house purchase, car purchase and children’s admission qualifications.

Fourth, it is necessary to further strengthen the interpretation of policy propaganda in light of local conditions, improve the pertinence and accuracy of propaganda according to the characteristics of different industries, different enterprises and flexible employees, and ensure that the policy "should know everything." Strengthen the publicity of policy implementation effect by timely publishing deferred payment data information and interviewing and reporting typical cases of enterprises.

Five, to further optimize the handling services, to meet the requirements of the holdover policy of market players, active docking, classified service guarantee. It is necessary to improve the departmental cooperation mechanism, strengthen data sharing, simplify the work flow, realize the "instant application and enjoyment" of enterprises, and reduce the transactional burden of enterprises.

Human resources and social security, development and reform, finance, taxation and other departments at all levels should further strengthen cooperation, give full play to their joint efforts, and promote the phased holdover of social insurance premiums to achieve practical results. New situations and new problems encountered in the process of policy implementation should be reported in a timely manner.

General office of human resources and social security department
General Office of National Development and Reform Commission
General office of Ministry of Finance
State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China general office
September 22, 2022

National Health and Wellness Commission： More than 200,000 doctors across the country have registered to practice more for the convenience of the people.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:According to the National Health and Wellness Commission, by the end of October, there were 215,000 doctors registered to practice more. Experts from these large hospitals came to primary hospitals or social medical institutions to facilitate people to seek medical treatment.

　　　　　　 Professor Huang Hanyuan is the chief expert of breast surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and has 60 years of medical experience. In addition to visiting the clinic twice a week in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, he also practices more in a specialized hospital. Ms. Yu from Jilin did not get better after being treated locally for half a year because of illness. She made a special trip to Peking Union Medical College Hospital to see Professor Huang Hanyuan, but she could not be admitted to the hospital because of the shortage of beds.

　　　　　　 Professor Huang Hanyuan of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital:Some patients have issued hospitalization certificates, but they can’t get in for two or three weeks, so they are very anxious. Now more medical practice can divert patients from some big hospitals, making it easier for ordinary people to find some experienced old doctors to see a doctor.

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　　　　　　 Ms. Yu decided to go to the specialized hospital where Professor Huang Hanyuan practiced more, and finished the operation within one week.

　　　　　　 Patient Yu Ms.:The past six months have been very painful and torturous, and I can go home immediately after being cured. I am very happy.

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　　　　　　 At present, about 60% of the more than 200,000 doctors registered for multi-point practice go to primary medical institutions, and about 40% go to social medical institutions. The National Health and Wellness Committee made it clear that the registration place of doctors’ practice was changed from a medical institution to the provincial or county-level administrative region where the main practice institution was located. After one registration, many medical institutions in the region can practice; Doctors do not need to obtain the "written consent" of the first practice institution when they practice more; Medical personnel do not need to go through filing procedures when practicing in city medical groups and county medical communities.

Monograph on ＂Studying Military Affairs, Studying War and Studying War＂ How to Grasp the Brand-new Characteristics of Unmanned Combat

Grasp the brand-new characteristics of unmanned combat

■ Zhou Qingfeng

introduction

Unmanned combat is a combat form with artificial intelligence technology as the core and unmanned combat system as the main force. In recent years, unmanned combat system has penetrated into many links of war, and its combat effectiveness has become increasingly prominent, and combat forms are common. With the unmanned combat system being widely used in the battlefield, unmanned combat is showing brand-new characteristics.

All-weather multifunctional global operations

The advantage of unmanned combat system is that it is unmanned, and its combat state will not be affected by factors such as energy, physical strength and emotion, so unmanned combat system has the adaptability to any battlefield environment and combat space. No matter in extreme weather such as extreme cold, extreme heat, high pressure and lack of oxygen, or in the environment where human beings are difficult to survive, such as nuclear radiation and biochemical attacks, the unmanned combat system can still perform the established program tasks. Therefore, the ability of unmanned combat system to perform tasks in all time and space can effectively meet the needs of future wars, thus increasing the winning weight. Thanks to the development of artificial intelligence technology, the autonomous route planning and target recognition capabilities of unmanned combat vehicles have advanced by leaps and bounds, and with its powerful firepower, the combat attack power of bicycles can even be comparable to that of a squad. In addition to combat assault, unmanned combat vehicles can also rescue and transport the wounded in the rain of bullets. Logistics-assisted unmanned combat vehicles can greatly improve the mobility and sustained combat capability of troops. The UAV can stay in the target airspace for reconnaissance for a long time, keep tracking and monitoring the predetermined target for a long time, and can rely on the highly information-based combat system to send back the operational information, accurately strike the target according to the corresponding instructions, and conduct target damage assessment to avoid high-cost fire coverage and manned fighter dispatch. Unmanned submersible has long been famous, whether it is an attack platform with weapons or a reconnaissance platform without weapons, it is the natural enemy of surface ships and submarines. A complete unmanned cluster can even "take over"From mine clearance and explosive disposal, reconnaissance and surveillance, alert search to coordinated attack and defense, autonomous operations, material transportation support and other fields, it has great operational potential, thus opening a new era of unmanned intelligent operations.

Real-time accurate and transparent battlefield situation awareness

Battlefield perception system plays an important role similar to "eyes and ears" in the combat system, and the attack and protection of hostile parties against battlefield perception system has become one of the important tasks of modern warfare. With the qualitative leap of information technology, especially the technical performance of sensing equipment based on sensing technology, the resolution and detection distance of various sensors in unmanned combat system have been greatly improved, which not only has the ability to perceive the battlefield environment independently, but also has the efficiency beyond human perception. At the same time, these unmanned platforms with sensors have the ability of autonomous identification and resolution, which can help commanders quickly locate, identify targets and judge their threat. Unmanned intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance systems with sensors as the core are all over the battlefield, forming a three-dimensional reconnaissance and surveillance system that complements each other in space, time domain and frequency domain, which can accurately detect almost all situations on the battlefield, and organically connect scattered sensors through high-speed broadband networks, so that any platform placed in the network can share information with the whole combat system as long as it obtains it. Unmanned reconnaissance and early warning equipment can give full play to the advantages of anti-electronic interference, flexibility, nuclear radiation resistance and strong concealment, thus greatly improving the battlefield perception. Because all unmanned platforms have the sensor function, they can obtain target information from all directions through distributed detection in cluster operations, and realize rapid and synchronous sensing of unmanned clusters through intra-group sharing and intelligent processing and distribution.

Intelligent, convenient and flat operational command and control

In the future war, unmanned combat systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned vehicles and unmanned ships will be widely used, which will lead to major changes in operational command system, command mode and command scene. First of all, the command system has evolved into a flat network, and the traditional multi-level command chain may be compressed into a "commander-cluster" two-level command chain. The management scope of the command organ has gradually widened, and the organizational structure has developed into a flat, horizontally connected and vertically integrated network structure. Secondly, the command mode has changed to intelligent autonomy. With the expansion and application of unmanned combat system, the corresponding new operational command mode will gradually take shape. In the primary stage, the command mode is "man in the loop", and the unmanned combat system is in a supporting role. The command mode in the intermediate stage is supervised "people on the loop". In the advanced stage, the intelligent decision-making system is mature, and the rules and tactics of engagement have been preset in the autonomous control software of the unmanned combat system. The unmanned cluster can independently perceive, judge, make decisions and act, and command itself without human intervention. The command mode presents a completely autonomous operation, that is, "people are outside the loop". Because of the high intelligence of unmanned combat system, it has the ability of independent decision-making with little or no participation of personnel, and can independently complete the spike cycle from target positioning and task assignment to attack and evaluation of combat process, thus improving the speed from discovery to attack.

Invisible, silent and sudden comprehensive precision strike

"Take it by surprise" has always been the rule of winning a war. The unmanned combat system, using stealth design, stealth materials, micro-size, through stealth, hiding, interference, orbit change, acceleration and other technologies, reduces the external characteristics of the unmanned combat system to the minimum, making it difficult for opponents to find, avoid and resist attacks, thus making it necessary to cooperate with various objective conditions to achieve suddenness in the past, and transforming it into using technical means to achieve suddenness at any time and anywhere. For example, the flying height of a small UAV can be reduced to 40 meters, which is as small as a bird and can effectively avoid the radar of the other side. Unmanned submersibles and unmanned combat vehicles can also be designed to be streamlined with flatter shapes and narrower cross sections, and a large number of new stealth technologies are adopted to effectively reduce the reflection cross section. When the unmanned combat system carries out sneak attack, it can make the other side fall into a situation of being unpredictable and passive. Therefore, the invisible and silent unmanned combat platform has an inherent advantage in future combat competition. Using the characteristics of unmanned combat system, such as silent and invisible action, accurate and efficient attack, we can carry out acupuncture and disability operations to accurately attack key parts. The key is to use all kinds of disability means in combination, including influencing and controlling people’s thoughts, consciousness or infecting artificial intelligence to lose computing ability to control the brain; Confuse people’s visual organs, destroy the sensor system, and achieve the purpose of blindness; Restrict or destroy the mobility of people’s actions and equipment to achieve the purpose of braking. The unmanned combat system enables precision strikes to achieve their operational goals invisibly and silently.

Cooperate with efficient and omni-directional bee colony to fight.

"Bee colony" is a collection of a large number of intelligent unmanned platforms with different functions, which has a unique application mode that a single weapon system does not have. Taking advantage of the synergy and quantity advantages of "bee colony operation", omni-directional penetration, distributed killing and cluster protection can be implemented. Collaborative advantage, that is, through group intelligent decision-making and online task decomposition and assignment, each platform in the group can dynamically and independently cooperate and self-adaptively cooperate. Quantitative advantage means establishing a dynamic self-healing "kill net" according to the actual battlefield, and carrying out multi-directional continuous or simultaneous saturated compound attacks on the target to achieve the effect of "small but many" over "big but few". Omni-directional penetration, that is, due to the low cost and large number of small unmanned platforms, multi-directional and three-dimensional simultaneous penetration can be carried out on a wide front, causing the enemy to disperse its defense forces because of the average use of troops, resulting in weak defense, thus achieving effective penetration. Distributed killing, that is, "bee colony" usually groups different functional platforms according to combat tasks, forming a comprehensive combat group integrating reconnaissance, electronic jamming, network attack and fire attack, which can simultaneously carry out omni-directional or continuous pulse multi-domain "soft and hard" compound attacks on the same high-value large target or regional group target from multi-dimensional space and multiple directions, which can not only meet the precise attack on point targets, but also ensure the comprehensive coverage of opposite targets. Cluster protection, that is, "bee colony" can also build an intelligent adaptive defense system, forming an automatic response protection "bubble" around the main assault forces or important targets, forming a three-dimensional and multi-level interception network, which can not only "block more with more" but also "block more with more".With wide interception range and high success rate, it is an important way to cooperate with air defense and anti-missile operations, terminal protection of important targets and anti-enemy bee colony attacks in the future.

Joint service support with accurate and intelligent response

Unmanned system has the advantages of high self-awareness, long-term operation, high precision measurement and so on, which will make the future joint operational support action based on network information system more independent, intelligent, efficient and accurate, thus making the joint service support mode more accurate. Combat support is timely and efficient, with flexible unaccompanied support. The unmanned system can carry corresponding functional modules, adopt autonomous follow-up or remote control support, independently or assist traditional support forces, and carry out support tasks in a hidden, safe, fast and efficient manner. The joint service support needs to respond independently, and no one can deliver it directly and accurately. Relying on the "visual" support network system, unmanned support forces quickly assess the position of the support object and the change of the battlefield situation, avoid the enemy threat area, and plan a safe and fast route to the delivery position. Due to the unmanned platform and long battery life, the unmanned system can continuously provide timely, appropriate and appropriate accurate support in a dangerous environment, especially the terminal replenishment of ammunition, food, fuel and other materials and equipment for frontline combat troops, which can not only effectively solve the "last mile" problem of the support chain, but also greatly reduce the casualties of support personnel. During the war in Afghanistan, in order to avoid the threat of improvised explosive devices to ground transport vehicles, the U.S. military used K-MAX unmanned helicopters to supply materials to forward bases and marines stationed at outposts. This machine can fly directionally according to the GPS system, and can also be controlled by ground personnel through a remote control device, and materials can be hoisted or delivered with the assistance of personnel, and 2 tons of materials can be hoisted and transported each time.It can deliver about 13.6 tons every day. In addition, in underwater operations, large-scale underwater unmanned submersibles can also undertake the task of supplying materials in advance, which can not only provide equipment, supplies and other supplies for special operations teams or other offshore platforms that perform tasks secretly, but also transport, supplement or evacuate a small number of combatants.

Many people have duplicate household registration or are caused by long-term decentralized management.

　　Yangcheng Evening News reporter Li Guohui

　　When an account that accompanies you to school, work, get married, buy a house, and have children is required to be cancelled, all the information is zero. You will face a problem that you have never thought of — — Prove that you are the original you, the father or mother of a child, a graduate with a diploma, or even that you will lose your hukou in a big city and be unable to re-enter the house or buy a house.

　　With the nationwide three-year clean-up and rectification of household registration by the Ministry of Public Security entering the third stage, more and more duplicate (false) household registrations have surfaced or been cancelled. Among them, there are a large number of people who illegally handle false or multiple household registrations for illegal purposes, and there are also people who have repeated household registrations because of their parents’ job migration, going to school, buying houses and entering households, and the irregular operation of grassroots police stations many years ago. And they are generally faced with this problem.

　　Faced with the "high cost" of canceling duplicate (false) household registration, some people with duplicate household registration want to convey their own voices: under the premise of being able to investigate and prove that they are not malicious and have no criminal record, can the public security organs be more humanized in cancellation measures and allow them to keep their commonly used household registration with high social recognition — — Please leave me more real.

　　A

　　Status quo: It is not uncommon for people with duplicate household registration.

　　Carrying a backpack and one hand in his trouser pocket, 31-year-old Tang Shidan (using a pseudonym at the request of the interviewee) stood on the street in Guangzhou where he had lived for 12 years and made a phone call in a low voice. Tang Shidan, who was admitted to CUHK with excellent results and worked in IT software in foreign banks after graduation, has already moved his registered permanent residence to Guangzhou, and has always regarded himself as a native of Guangzhou, but he felt for the first time — — The "household registration" thing will also be "gained and lost".

　　On the other end of the phone, his parents said to him, "You’d better come back and ask the people at the police station to try!"

　　After the phone call, he told the Yangcheng Evening News reporter with a wry smile: "I’d better go back and try again whether I can cancel Wuhua’s household registration and keep it in Guangzhou."

　　In fact, Tang Shidan said that he had given up hope, and nine times out of ten, his Guangzhou hukou would be cancelled.

　　On January 15 this year, Tang Shidan received a phone call from the police of Tianhe District Public Security Bureau in Guangzhou. He was told that after portrait comparison, he was found to be a duplicate household registration and had to cancel a "false" household registration.

　　The police told him that according to the Opinions on Properly Handling Duplicate (False) Accounts issued by the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Bureau in October 2014, his Guangzhou household registration was identified as duplicate (false) and only the original household registration of Wuhua in Meizhou could be kept.

　　Tang Shidan said that he had consulted the comrades in charge of the police and the household registration office of the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, but the answers were all the same — — You must cancel your current account in Guangzhou.

　　"They decided that my account in Guangzhou was a false account. I always thought this was the real me, but this I am about to disappear. "

　　On the two second-generation ID cards that Tang Shidan showed to the Yangcheng Evening News reporter, his name was the same, but his ID number was completely different.

　　In Shenzhen, 26-year-old Chen Maqiao (who uses an alias at the request of the interviewee) also can’t believe that as a lawyer, she "can’t even handle her own account".

　　Last March, Chen Maqiao received a phone call from the police of Shahe Police Station of Nanshan District Branch of shenzhen public. She was told that through portrait comparison, it was verified that she had duplicate household registration, among which the household registration was commonly used — — That is, the household registration in Shenzhen is a false household registration and must be cancelled.

　　Chen Maqiao believes that his common household registration is not a false household registration. "I don’t agree to cancel my household registration in Shenzhen. Shahe police station suggested that I cancel my unused household registration registered in Shantou after birth, but the local police station is unwilling to cancel it." Chen Maqiao’s two household registrations are not only completely different in ID numbers, but also different in the last word of his name.

　　In order to keep his household registration from Puning to Shenzhen after he went to college, Chen Maqiao went to the Chengbei police station in Puning City to issue his own household registration certificate, proof of no criminal record, etc., and even found the approval form for rural to non-household when he entered Puning.

　　However, these certificates may not be able to keep her common household registration that has been used for more than 20 years.

　　In August 2015, the Shahe police station in Shenzhen informed her again and asked her to cancel her common household registration in Shenzhen. After Chen Maqiao once again said that he "refused to cancel his common household registration", the Shahe police station said that it had frozen two of his household registrations. If she fails to cancel the household registration moved from Puning to Shenzhen within the specified time, the public security organ will force her to cancel it.

　　It is not uncommon for people with duplicate (false) household registration like Tang Shidan and Chen Maqiao.

　　Guan Qing (pseudonym), who has worked hard in Shenzhen for many years, has two accounts: Shenzhen (moved from Hainan) and Shantou. Now, his household registration in Shenzhen has been forcibly cancelled by shenzhen public, but he is still unwilling to accept this reality.

　　In the QQ group search, the Yangcheng Evening News reporter entered the words "duplicate household registration" and found more than 10 QQ groups with "duplicate household registration problems".

　　In two QQ groups, which are mainly registered in Guangdong, almost every day, people report to the group that "the police station informed me that if I don’t take the initiative to cancel my common household registration, I will be forced to cancel it". In this crowd, there are not only lawyers and software engineers, but also civil servants, doctors, teachers and other professional groups.

　　B

　　Traceability: or caused by long-term decentralized management

　　In fact, as early as February 2014, the Ministry of Public Security began a three-year "special clean-up and rectification of household registration" throughout the country, and the rectification work was divided into three stages.

　　According to the work deployment of the Ministry of Public Security, in 2014, it was mainly to "crack down and rectify", comprehensively investigate and deal with the problem of false hukou, and prevent the creation of new false hukou; 2015 is the second stage, focusing on "grasping construction and norms" and comprehensively strengthening the construction of institutional norms and technical norms. This year is the third stage of the special rectification of household registration, with the focus on "improving and checking". The new household registration mechanism will be fully operational, and the accuracy, uniqueness and authority of the national citizen’s household registration and identity card numbers will be realized.

　　With the increasing efforts of local public security organs, every citizen of every household is required to apply for a second-generation ID card, and the duplicate (fake) household registration has nothing to hide under the high-tech portrait recognition technology.

　　According to Huang Ming, vice minister of the Ministry of Public Security, in an interview with the media last year, in just over a year from 2014 to March 2015, 2.5 million duplicate accounts and accounts that should be sold but not sold were cleared nationwide.

　　In order to do a good job in cleaning up and rectifying household registration, the Ministry of Public Security requires public security organs and household administration departments all over the country to conduct a comprehensive self-examination and self-correction, and those who conceal it will be severely investigated for the responsibility of the police and leaders involved.

　　The Ministry of public security also requires that all public security organs that handle fake accounts and fake identity cards must resolutely remove the public security team; Anyone who accepts benefits to handle fake accounts or fake identity cards for others must be severely punished by law.

　　So, how did the fake (duplicate) account come from?

　　In an interview with the media, Huang Ming revealed that the reasons for the "wrong, heavy and false" problem of household registration management are complicated, including historical reasons caused by long-term manual operation and decentralized management, social factors influenced by human society and privileged thoughts, and illegal behaviors caused by interests and internal and external collusion.

　　In the view of Tang Shidan and others, in recent years, many people have taken advantage of the loopholes in the system, engaged in illegal and criminal acts by handling dual or even multiple household registrations, or bought real estate for concealment, which indirectly created many uncles and sisters-in-law in society.

　　"Many people think that people with duplicate household registration must have problems, and they must have come through improper channels. This is a kind of discrimination." Tang Shidan said.

　　As for why he has two registered permanent residence and two ID cards with different numbers, Tang Shidan’s explanation is that when he was 14 years old and went to junior high school, he came to Heyuan Longchuan from his hometown of Wuhua, Meizhou. Because his parents didn’t know much about the procedures for household registration transfer, he directly went to the local police station to apply for a new household registration, which directly accompanied Tang Shidan from middle school to university and moved to Guangzhou until now.

　　"At that time, perhaps the operating procedures of the grassroots police station were not standardized, and there was no migration certificate from registered permanent residence." Tang Shidan told the Yangcheng Evening News reporter.

　　Chen Maqiao was born in Puning, Jieyang, and his parents went to Shantou for business, that is, in his birthplace — — Shantou entered a household registration. Later, her parents took her back to Puning, and under the policy of buying a house, she also registered in Puning. In this way, Chen Maqiao has been using Puning’s account, from primary school to college and admitted to Shenzhen, and moved the account from Puning to Shenzhen.

　　Chen Maqiao believes that at that time, his common household registration in Puning, Jieyang was legally obtained, and there was no illegality.

　　"At that time, Puning absorbed a large number of foreign people by buying houses, and we didn’t do black-box operations. At that time, at least tens of thousands of people entered Puning in this way. " Chen Maqiao told the Yangcheng Evening News reporter.

　　C

　　Embarrassment: the signed contract may be "invalid"

　　Nowadays, the deadline for the police to notify "voluntarily cancel the household registration" has arrived, and Tang Shidan’s common household registration may be forcibly cancelled at any time. He had to think about what he would do if he cancelled it.

　　According to the Opinions on Properly Handling Duplicate (False) Accounts issued by Guangdong Provincial Public Security Bureau in October 2014, if the account is cancelled, the public security organ shall issue a Certificate of Account Cancellation to the parties and file it for future reference; If the parties have other affairs to deal with, the public security organ shall issue the "Household Registration Certificate" according to the application of the parties, so as to provide convenience for the parties to handle personal affairs.

　　However, when Tang Shidan called the Household Affairs Office of the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Bureau to find out, the staff also told him bluntly that there was no guarantee that all his documents and files could be changed, and he was required to be mentally prepared.

　　Tang Shidan said that his hukou from Wuhua only stayed in primary school, which means that if he can’t change his school status and other related information, his cultural level is primary school education. This is "unacceptable" for a graduate like him.

　　"According to the information I have learned now, the information such as student status cannot be changed, and it is impossible for the university to issue a diploma and academic certificate for you. If I look for a job again, I must prove that the original me is me."

　　Not only that, Tang Shidan is worried that signed commercial contracts and purchased commercial insurance will face "invalidation" because of the change of ID number. How can these contracts and insurance documents make enterprises and institutions willing to re-sign or change them?

　　For those who have cancel their registered permanent residence, that information of their parent can’t be changed on their children’s birth certificates, and now they have to prove that "their children are their own". You must even re-register your marriage with your wife (husband).

　　Tang Shidan said that what is clear now is that information such as social security and provident fund can be changed in time.

　　Chen Maqiao and Guan Qing will also face a more serious problem in their opinion. After their common accounts are forcibly cancelled, according to the policy, they can relocate their original accounts to Shenzhen, but they must meet the conditions — — Either you have your own property in Shenzhen, or you have been buying social security in Shenzhen for five consecutive years. Neither Chen Maqiao nor Guan Qing can meet this condition now, and they can’t regain their Shenzhen household registration in a short time, which will greatly affect their lives.

　　D

　　Transfer:

　　More humane measures have been taken in other provinces.

　　"It can be said that from primary school to university, to work graduation, and to obtain the qualification of lawyer practice, I have used my current household registration and ID card, and I have never used the household registration in Shantou."

　　Chen Maqiao said that the policy of the public security department to deal with duplicate household registration is to "cancel the false and keep the true". "But in their concept, the household registration we later did was false, and I don’t want to accept such a determination." Chen Maqiao said.

　　In the Opinions of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department on Properly Handling Duplicate (False) Accounts, for the identification of duplicate (false) accounts, one is that "those who hold two or more accounts are duplicate accounts"; The second is that "the account obtained by providing false materials or fabricating facts by fiction is a false account". The public security organ will carry out detailed investigation and verification according to the clues of duplicate (false) accounts, and make a decision on handling duplicate (false) accounts according to the verification results.

　　In principle, it is that "the real accounts investigated and verified by the public security organs should be kept", "the false accounts investigated and verified by the public security organs should be cancelled", "the repeated accounts that have not been cancelled after migration should be cancelled" and "the accounts that have been relocated twice or more should be kept for the first time, and the accounts that have been relocated later should be cancelled".

　　This means that if the real reasons for the formation of duplicate (false) accounts in that year cannot be included in the scope of investigation and judgment, and whether the two accounts are more in line with the real situation of the individual is not considered, the common accounts that Chen Maqiao, Tang Shidan and others later handled do belong to the duplicate (false) accounts in this opinion.

　　However, Tang Shidan believes that this is the place where the handling of their household registration is "not humanized enough". "When I became two accounts, I was only 14 years old, and I had no capacity for civil conduct at all. Moreover, I have never used Wuhua’s original account since then, and I have never had a record of illegal crimes. I think this later account is more in line with my own real situation, and I hope to keep this real me! "

　　In the interview of Yangcheng Evening News reporter for many days, many heavy (fake) households expressed their feelings to reporters. They believe that the public security department is not "humanized" when identifying and canceling one of their accounts. It has not fully considered the multiple historical reasons why they became heavy (fake) households, nor has it considered which identity they have higher social recognition. They even think that the repeated accounts caused by the non-normal account migration are false accounts and must be cancelled, which also makes them feel wronged.

　　Both Tang Shidan and Chen Maqiao, when consulting the police who handled the cancellation of their household registration, were told that if the police station where their original household registration is located can issue a certificate that "the household registration is a false household registration", they can help keep the current common household registration.

　　To this end, Tang Shidan, Chen Maqiao and Guan Qing all tried, but they were all rejected by the local police station.

　　"Because if they issue this certificate, according to the regulations, they must bear the responsibility of causing duplicate (false) accounts." Chen Maqiao said that this is almost impossible for them.

　　"I went back to ask the police station, and they said that it should be done in strict accordance with the regulations of the province. They thought that my original account in Wuhua was a real account, and it was impossible to cancel this and keep it later." Tang Shidan said.

　　On March 28th, the reporter of Yangcheng Evening News dialed the telephone number of the Household Administration Department of the Public Security Bureau of Guangdong Province, which was announced by the official website of the Ministry of Public Security. The wiring staff told the reporter that under normal circumstances, after investigation, the public security organ determined that the first registered permanent residence was a real registered permanent residence, and the registered permanent residence that was later formed after "improper" procedures was identified as a false registered permanent residence.

　　When the reporter said that the formation of duplicate (false) accounts was likely to be caused by the irregular operation or irregularities of the police at that time, the public security organs had certain responsibilities. The staff member said that such an account was obtained by "improper means". At present, many police officers who violated the rules have been dealt with, even downgraded and sentenced.

　　He also reiterated to reporters the definition and understanding of duplicate (false) hukou. "If you move from one city to another, the original place has not cancelled the original hukou because of the work problems of the public security police, then this is a typical duplicate hukou. But if two accounts are in different places, with different ID numbers or even different names, this is a false account. "

　　According to the Opinions of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department on Properly Handling Duplicate (False) Accounts, the parties with duplicate (false) accounts still have legal remedies. If the parties are not satisfied with the handling opinions of the public security organs on canceling their accounts, they can apply for administrative reconsideration to the public security organs at higher levels or the people’s government at the same level that made the decision on canceling their accounts within 60 days from the date of receiving the Certificate of Cancellation of Accounts, or bring an administrative lawsuit to the people’s court at the same level within three months according to law.

　　"If they really cancel my Shenzhen account, I will fight an administrative lawsuit with them!" Chen Maqiao told reporters that she learned that there are quite a few people who have the idea of saving their common household registration through litigation.

　　The Yangcheng Evening News reporter inquired that in the "Regulations on the Management of Public Security Organs’ Accounts in Fujian Province" published on the Internet on October 31, 2014, there have been more detailed and humanized measures for duplicate (false) accounts.

　　According to the specification, for "duplicate accounts that have lived for a long time and can’t find the original information, and the reasons can’t be verified, on the basis of careful investigation, on the premise that the parties promise not to apply for correcting the date and name of birth, they can apply according to the wishes of the masses, keep one of them, and cancel the accounts that have not found any illegal acts".

　　On March 29th, the reporter of Yangcheng Evening News sent a letter to the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security about the repeated (false) household registration cleaning and rectification work. As of press time, no reply has been received, and the reporter of Yangcheng Evening News will continue to pay attention to the follow-up progress.

　　Li Guohui

Li Keqiang： the State Council will never issue short documents.

At the the State Council executive meeting on 30th, Premier Li Keqiang used the high-frequency word "implement it".

"I noticed during the investigation at the grass-roots level that there was indeed a phenomenon of’ doing nothing for officials’ in some places, and some government officials were perfunctory with the attitude of’ as long as nothing happened, they would rather not do anything’ or even’ not being too hard, just getting by’." Li Keqiang emphasized the tone here. "To put it bluntly, isn’t this a vegetarian meal?"

Just a week ago, at the executive meeting, Premier Li Keqiang also sternly said "implement it".

"The ministries and commissions present here, the State Council’s policies and measures in place? Have you fulfilled your respective responsibilities? " At that time, the prime minister’s tone was extremely harsh. "Ladies and gentlemen, you have to be responsible for your soil!"

At the two consecutive executive meetings, Li Keqiang emphasized that it is necessary to supervise both local and departmental departments through supervision, third-party evaluation and social evaluation. "the State Council will never issue short documents, and all policy measures must be put in place to the letter." Li Keqiang said firmly.

    One of the important reasons why our enterprises are not sure about the expectations of the market is that the market is opaque.

When studying how to further reduce and standardize the fees charged by enterprises and reduce the burden on enterprises, Li Keqiang pointed out that this is not only conducive to improving the business environment, but also an important measure to standardize government power. He asked the relevant departments to cooperate with the published "power list" and establish a "list of fees" so that enterprises can see the fees paid at a glance.

"Our company is not sure about the expectations of the market. An important reason is that our market is opaque." Li Keqiang said, "For unreasonable charging items outside laws and regulations, we must first’ dry’ them and accept the supervision of the whole society."

Li Keqiang particularly emphasized the need to strengthen the management of intermediary services. He said that some intermediary services are purely market behaviors and have nothing to do with the government. For these service enterprises, market and price management should be liberalized. However, there are still some intermediary service organizations that are "tied to some government departments", and we must resolutely "cut clean".

"In some places, it needs to be handled through an intermediary service organization before pre-approval. If you don’t pay through an intermediary, the approval will not be approved. And these intermediary service agencies, to put it bluntly, are eating’ executive meals’! " Li Keqiang said, waving his fist.

He emphasized that to standardize the fees charged by enterprises, governments at all levels should not only publish their own "list of fees", but also strengthen management and clarify responsibilities. We will resolutely expose unreasonable charging behaviors and resolutely ban all kinds of organizations that use administrative resources to carry out intermediary services.

Li Keqiang said: "Since the document has been issued, we must catch up with the grassroots and let it take root."

    The profits of many enterprises have narrowed, but the financing costs are rising. It is really worse to squeeze both ends!

A week ago, during his inspection tour in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Li Keqiang specially held a forum for entrepreneurs and heads of financial institutions, so that "real economy" and "financial services" could face each other and meet their requirements and measures. When implementing and increasing financial support for the real economy at the standing meeting on 30th, Li Keqiang introduced that the financing cost of several large enterprises attending the forum was one percentage point higher than last year, and the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in the upstream and downstream of their industrial chain was "both expensive and difficult".

"Many enterprises have narrowed their own profits, but the financing costs are rising. It is really worse to squeeze at both ends!" Li Keqiang said. At the standing meeting on the 30th, he deployed the CBRC to take the lead in conducting a special inspection on the charges of commercial banks, canceling unreasonable extra-interest charges, especially "loan binding charges", investigating and dealing with problems such as "loan rollover" and "only charging but not serving", and taking a multi-pronged approach to reduce the financing cost of enterprises.

Li Keqiang pointed out that to increase financial support for the real economy, we must "support and control", and support national key construction, enterprise transformation and service industry. He also stressed that attention should be paid to preventing financial risks. "We don’t create moral hazard, but we must resolutely hold the bottom line of regional and systemic financial risks."

When talking about the implementation of this policy, Li Keqiang said that last year, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Financial Support for Economic Structural Adjustment and Transformation and Upgrading, which played a positive role in promoting economic development, strengthening weak links and improving the financial system. However, there are indeed problems such as "middle obstruction" in the implementation, and many policies and measures have not reached the "last mile" at the grassroots level.

"The most important thing about policies is implementation." Li Keqiang said, "A hundred trials can make gold, and only when it is implemented can this policy truly become a’ golden ten’."

    "Don’t be an official" and "I’d rather not do anything as long as nothing happens". To put it bluntly, isn’t this a vegetarian meal for a corpse?

"I noticed during the investigation at the grass-roots level that there was indeed a phenomenon of’ doing nothing for officials’ in some places, and some government officials were perfunctory with the attitude of’ as long as nothing happened, they would rather not do anything’ or even’ not being too hard, just getting by’." When discussing the comprehensive supervision of the implementation of policies and measures that have been introduced in the State Council, Li Keqiang said with emphasis, "To put it bluntly, isn’t this a vegetarian meal? Such mediocrity and laziness are also corruption and are extremely irresponsible to the country and the people! "

Li Keqiang said that since last year, the State Council has introduced a series of policies and measures, and the market response is good, but there are some phenomena such as inadequate implementation, which makes some good policies fail to achieve the expected results. The State Council’s meeting "discussed" the matter and "decided" the policy, but if there is no "action", there will be no "effect". He stressed that the next step in the State Council’s comprehensive inspection is to solve the "last mile" and "first mile" of policy implementation. All departments and governments at all levels should fulfill their duties, work hard, and effectively put all policies and measures in place.

"The inspector must resolutely avoid’ the rain is wet on the ground’ and must not go through the motions!" Li Keqiang finally said, "Let the supervision be really effective and ensure the realization of this year’s economic and social development goals and tasks." (Fu Xu)

Jin Dongyan： Thoughts on Fighting COVID-19 Brought by the Study of the First Six Human Coronavirus and HIV

Editor’s Note: novel coronavirus is the seventh discovered human coronavirus. In the past three months, the whole world has witnessed it from discovery to pandemic. At present, its intermediate host, specific drugs, vaccines and other key issues remain unresolved. Jin Dongyan, a professor of precision medicine at the Huo Guangwen Couple Fund of the University of Hong Kong, believes that by reviewing the past lives of the previous human coronaviruses and learning from the exploration process of HIV virus, which is the most clearly studied in human history, we may find some ideas.

On April 9th, Jin Dongyan shared the past lives of human coronavirus in the fifth scientific lecture "Understanding the Future: Virus and Human Health-Special Science Popularization" sponsored by the Future Forum of Scientific Public Welfare Organization.

Jin Dongyan concluded that the four coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1) have very good adaptability in humans, and they have spread in humans without an intermediate host of animals. They can cause the common cold and exist in people all the year round. However, SARS and MERS need an intermediate host of animals. They are not fully adapted, with strong pathogenicity and high mortality. However, human-to-human transmission cannot be sustained and can be effectively controlled by isolation. Covid-19 is somewhere in between. It is similar to SARS, but it is more contagious and less pathogenic, but its pathogenicity is still higher than other human coronaviruses.

In terms of drugs, Jin Dongyan opposes using steroids to treat SARS or COVID-19. He said that the human body relies on its own immunity to defeat the virus, but the immune response also causes symptoms, including cytokine storms and lung inflammation. As we all know, the anti-inflammatory reaction of steroid hormones is immediate, but if the immunity is suppressed, the virus cannot be controlled, but it will increase greatly.

The full text of the speech was arranged by Guo Lijie, a doctoral student of Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Paper was authorized to sort out and publish it for the second time.

Jin Dongyan: past lives of human coronavirus

I’m Jin Dongyan from the University of Hong Kong. I’ve been working on the interaction between virus and immunity, virus and cells for many years. The topic to share with you today is past lives of human coronavirus. COVID-19 is the seventh human coronavirus. Let’s talk about the past lives of these human coronaviruses, that is, where did they come from? What will it be like in the future? Make a review and put forward some prospects.

We should first talk about the fact that human coronaviruses are all from animals, followed by the genome structure of coronaviruses and the characteristics of their replication, as well as the characteristics of this COVID-19 disease, relevant specific diagnosis and treatment, and the development of new antiviral drugs and vaccines.

Storage and Intermediate Hosts of Seven Human Coronavirus Species

I will focus on the storage host and intermediate host of human coronavirus. In the natural storage host, there are a large number of different kinds of viruses, which generally do not cause disease or only cause very mild symptoms. Intermediate hosts often refer to hosts from storage hosts to people or to new hosts. Intermediate hosts are not necessarily virus storage hosts, but they may become storage hosts after a period of adaptation. This concept seems to be more complicated. For example, the storage host of HIV is chimpanzee or mangabey, and the storage host of influenza virus is mainly waterfowl. We will explain the storage host and intermediate host of human coronavirus in turn.

HIV is the most clearly studied virus in the world. Many scholars who study other viruses can learn some methods or ideas from HIV research, so we can focus on reviewing what we have learned from HIV research. Incidentally, I will also focus on the drug research in Covid-19, the existing drugs and the future drug development direction.

This time, from December 31, 2019, when the discovery of Covid-19 was announced to today, we have truly witnessed the occurrence of the virus from discovery to global pandemic for more than three months, and the development of the epidemic situation has been recorded in this way for the first time in history. In this process, scientists in China made many contributions, such as we announced the discovery of a new virus on December 30th, determined the nucleic acid sequence on January 12th, and then quickly shared the data with the whole world. Of course, there are also shortcomings. Before January 20th, we didn’t have a good grasp of the epidemic situation of the virus, which is worth summarizing in the future. Generally speaking, we have done well, but we have not done enough. On March 11th, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and on April 8th, Wuhan was unsealed.At present, the timeline is like this.

There are several names here, SARS-CoV-2, which is the name given to the new virus by the International Viral Nomenclature Committee. Of course, some scientists have different opinions on this. For the sake of standardization, we still call it SARS-CoV-2, and the other name is 2019 COVID-19. The World Health Organization calls it 2019 coronavirus disease, that is, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19.

Structure of coronavirus

Take SARS coronavirus as an example, and SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to it. In the structure, yellow corresponds to fibrillar protein, green is nucleocapsid protein, and gray is membrane protein. These are structural proteins. Most of its genome at the 5′ end is open reading frame 1(ORF)1ab, which is a replicase, and then the relative positions of some protein coding regions in the genome. In addition to the above mentioned, this virus also contains some small proteins, such as 0RF6, ORF7a, ORF8, ORF10, etc. These proteins are lineage-specific, and are mainly helper proteins responsible for the interaction with the host. This coronavirus is a single strand RNA virus with about 30,000 nucleotides. Its replicase will be hydrolyzed by host protease and become a variety of unstructured proteins.

This picture summarizesAnimal origin of human coronavirus. There are seven kinds of human coronaviruses, and the earliest two are 229E and OC43. Later, SARS appeared in 2003 and MERS appeared after 2012. In the past, coronavirus was not paid much attention to, and there was little research for a long time. The main reason is that people think that coronavirus can only cause the common cold, which is even weaker than the flu. This is the case with 229E, and so is OC43. However, the emergence of SARS in 2003 completely subverted this concept, and the mortality rate of SARS reached nearly 10%. Later, MERS occurred, which is a serious respiratory virus, that is, Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, which was found in the Middle East. MERS is more pathogenic than SARS, and its fatality rate reaches 35% to 40%, which has changed human understanding of coronavirus.

After the outbreak of SARS in 2003, two teams of Hong Kong scientists and Dutch scientists discovered two new human coronaviruses, one named HKU1 and the other named NL63. These two viruses, like the first two viruses, only cause the common cold. Therefore, these four viruses (HKU1, NL63, 229E, OC43) do not need other animal hosts, and appear in human groups all the year round. We call them community-acquired human coronavirus.

The seventh virus is Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 discovered this time. I think Covid-19 is a new virus between these two types of viruses, and it has both characteristics, so which direction it will go in the future remains to be studied and observed. These human viruses have been studied for many years, especially by Professor Yuan Guoyong from the University of Hong Kong, Professor Jiverly Voong from the National University of Singapore and Duke University, and Professor Shi Zhengli from Wuhan Institute of Virology. It is clear that these coronaviruses are all from bats. Five of them (NL63, 229E, SARS, MERS and Covid-19) are definitely from bats, so bats are the storage hosts of these viruses.

Some of them we also know about their intermediate hosts, and the most clear one is the dromedary, the intermediate host of MERS. The intermediate host of 229E may be alpaca, camel, or directly transmitted from bat to human. Professor Guan Yi found that the intermediate host of SARS-CoV was civet cats. The intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 may be pangolin, but it is inconclusive, and we will explain it in detail later. OC43 and HKU1 are generally considered to come from rodents, and an important intermediate host of OC43 is cattle.

Let’s go back to the dromedary, the intermediate host of MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV originated from bats at first, but the virus has adapted in camels, so camels have changed from an intermediate host to a storage host. The virus is less pathogenic after infecting camels and will not kill them. There is an important message to remind everyone that these four kinds of human coronaviruses that only cause the common cold now, what were they like before? There are historical clues that OC43 spread from cattle to humans around 1890, and the OC43 virus in cattle is very similar to that in humans. There was also a global epidemic of respiratory virus around 1890, and the symptoms were a bit like SARS-CoV-2, which was more serious. Therefore, there is a view that these four viruses that only cause the common cold, when they first spread from animals to people, also caused a global pandemic with more serious symptoms than now, which is also some inspiration from reviewing the history of human coronavirus.

The evidence that human coronavirus comes from bats was first discovered by Chinese scientists. After the outbreak of SARS in 2003, many scientists still insisted on tracking and doing in-depth research, instead of staying on the surface, which is very worthy of our admiration.The first group is Professor Yuan Guoyong, Professor Hu Zhaoyi and Professor Liu Jiapei of the University of Hong Kong, and the other group is Professor Jiverly Voong who was in Australia at that time. Professor Shi Zhengli was also in his laboratory at that time. Later, Professor Shi Zhengli insisted on studying bat virus and was one of the best scientists in this field in China. The groundbreaking contributions of their two teams showed that bats were an evolutionary storage host for a variety of human coronaviruses. Of course, in addition to coronavirus, bats are also the storage hosts of many other human viruses. Bat has some characteristics. It is the only flying mammal. It has a particularly strong anti-virus ability and produces a lot of interferon after infection.

The dromedary camel is the intermediate host of MERS coronavirus. MERS virus is found in dromedary camels in the Middle East all the year round, and it has changed from the intermediate host to the storage host. SARS-CoV is found in civets only in certain wild animal markets, and civets also have symptoms after being infected. SARS virus can not be found in farm-raised or natural civets. Therefore, it is concluded that civet cats may be a transient intermediate host of SARS virus, and its important role is to expand the scale of human infection by transmitting the virus to people. MERS-CoV is transmitted from camel to human repeatedly every time, which has limited spread among people and has no foothold in people. The same is true of SARS. After we took decisive measures to control civet cats, it never happened again that civet cats were transmitted to people. MERS is not like this. People in the Middle East are so closely related to camels that they can’t kill all the camels. Therefore, from 2012 to now, it is still spreading to people. This is the case with MERS and SARS. These two viruses will not continue to spread in people, and will cease to exist after several generations.

What is the situation of SARS-CoV-2?Professor Shi Zhengli found a virus with 96% homology with SARS-CoV-2 in Chinese bat shortly after discovering this virus. This situation is very similar to that of SARS-CoV. Professor Yuan Guoyong and Professor Jiverly Voong also found a virus with 95% homology with SARS-CoV in bats. For the intermediate host, the virus which is almost 99.9% similar to human SARS virus is found in civet cats, but in pangolins, especially those smuggled from Malaysia or Southeast Asia to China, the β-coronavirus carried by them has only about 90% homology with SARS-CoV-2, which is lower than that of bat virus. But it doesn’t mean that it has no contribution at all. Its receptor binding domain is similar to that of human SARS-CoV-2. So what is the relationship between the two viruses found in bats and pangolins and SARS-CoV-2 found in people needs more research to answer.

Many of us who study viruses want to find some answers or find inspiration and ideas in HIV. Let me quickly introduce how HIV comes from animals. After years of tracking by many virologists, they found that there are two kinds of HIV in people: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among them, HIV-1 comes from chimpanzees and HIV-2 comes from mangabey. However, after further tracking, it is found that there are still very complicated relationships. HIV-1 was transmitted from chimpanzees to people, but the infection actually happened many times, among which M group had the largest number of infected people, followed by O group, and N was only a few people. HIV-2 also occurred many times, but only once or twice survived in the crowd. We compared their genome differences, evolutionary relationships, and whether their geographical locations overlap, and finally found out the reason. People eating animals or taking them as pets caused the spread of the virus from animals to people.

We compared the whole genome of the host and virus, and found that COVID-19 virus is the closest to Bat RaTG13, but far from Malaysian pangolin. However, if we only compare their receptor binding domains, we will find that Covid-19 is more similar to pangolin than Jutous Bat. The bat genome is more similar to COVID-19, but the receptor binding domain is only 75% homologous, while the pangolin genome is only 90% homologous, but the receptor binding domain reaches 97%. This work is also an important contribution made by Professor Guan Yi and Dr. Lin Zanyu.

Let’s compare the fibrillary proteins. This is SARS-CoV-2, and these are bat and pangolin viruses. We found that it inserted several sequences. One of them has inserted three arginine and an O- glycosylation site. The source of these sequences remains to be studied. Earlier, some Indian scientists said that this insertion was related to HIV, but in fact, they were not related. But how it came into being in the evolution of nature remains to be studied. If the animal coronavirus with this insertion site is found in the next step, it can provide another missing puzzle for the traceability of the virus.

Looking back, we said that the animal traceability of SARS-CoV-2 is still in an unresolved state. If we really want to solve this problem, we must find the virus with more than 99% homology with the whole genome of Covid-19 in animals. If it comes from bats at the earliest, finding a virus with more than 99% homology with COVID-19 in bats can provide evidence. If it comes directly from pangolin, it is necessary to find a virus with a very similar genome in pangolin. Because what is found now is pangolin in Malaysia, it is also possible to find something closer in pangolins in other areas, and it is still unclear.

Comparison of seven human coronaviruses

This is a comparison between seven human coronaviruses, including HKU1, SARS and MERS. At the beginning, we continued to trace the source and found HKU9 and HKU4 in bats. It was predicted that these bat viruses might be found in human groups. Sure enough, a few years later, the MERS coronavirus most similar to HKU9 was found in the Middle East, which was also the result of Professor Hu Zhaoyi and Professor Liu Jiapei’s long-term persistence in bat virus research, which provided important clues for the later research, diagnosis and traceability of MERS coronavirus. Therefore, it is still meaningful for us to do the work of animal traceability.

This table compares the characteristics of these seven different coronaviruses. The incubation period is mostly within one week, MERS and SARS are a little longer, and most of SARS-CoV-2 is still relatively short, which is somewhere in between. Human coronavirus is seasonal, but whether SARS-CoV-2 is seasonal is unknown. But generally speaking, its mortality rate is relatively low. Some time ago, the mortality rate in the world was only 3.5%, and now it may be higher.

To sum up the human coronavirus 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1, they have very good adaptation in human beings, and they have spread in human beings without animal intermediate hosts. They can cause the common cold, can be obtained in the community and exist in people all the year round. It can cause infection and is very contagious. However, SARS and MERS need an intermediate host of animals. They are not fully adapted, with strong pathogenicity and high mortality. However, human-to-human transmission cannot be sustained and can be effectively controlled by isolation. SARS-CoV-2 is in between. It is similar to SARS-CoV, but it is more infectious and less pathogenic, but its pathogenicity is still higher than other human coronaviruses.

asymptomatic carrier

When it comes to COVID-19, we should especially point out Professor Yuan Guoyong and Dr. Chen Fuhe, who have conducted in-depth and meticulous genealogy research since January 10th, which requires very good insight, leadership skills and the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic. You may not have noticed the significance of this work. They finished it on January 17th. What did they find? First, the virus can be transmitted from person to person with conclusive evidence, and its transmission rate reaches 83% within the family. Of the seven people in Shenzhen, six were infected, and then back to their families, including members in Wuhan, a total of 83% were infected, which definitely showed that the virus was highly contagious. At the same time, they also noticed that the patient had diarrhea symptoms and found an asymptomatic 10-year-old boy, but his nucleic acid test was positive. We now have more than 80,000 confirmed cases, but they all figured out the epidemic characteristics and important characteristics of the virus as early as January. The earliest case was January 10, and there was an asymptomatic infected person in it.

Their work is very worthy of praise, which has made a key contribution to reversing the passive situation of epidemic prevention and control, and provided a scientific basis for the country to set right prevention and control strategies. It can be seen that both basic and clinical work can actually play an important role in epidemic prevention and control. This work also reflects the value of the University of Hong Kong and the important position and role of Shenzhen Hospital of the University of Hong Kong.

Strengthening the monitoring and research of asymptomatic carriers, I have been calling for it since it was discovered on January 17, and many other scientists are calling for it, and now we finally pay attention to it. We should pay attention to whether their viral load is high or low. What is the ratio of the two? What is the release of the virus? These are all very worth figuring out. In addition to asymptomatic, some patients are contagious in the incubation period, and some patients have very mild symptoms. The virus transmission of these people also needs attention.

Let’s talk briefly, what is the situation of these asymptomatic people? I think there are two situations, one is like a storage host, which is not pathogenic. Like influenza virus in waterfowl is disease-free, AIDS in chimpanzees and white-topped mangabey is also disease-free. There are also many asymptomatic carriers of human coronavirus. In one case, they may have a strong antiviral response and their virus replication is inhibited to some extent. In this case, their viral load is relatively low. The other situation is worse. In monkeys and chimpanzees, the replication of HIV is decoupled from the immune response. Although infected, the immune response is weak. In this case, their viral load is relatively high and dangerous. The proportion of these two situations is very worth figuring out.

When it comes to the mutation rate of virus, we compare HIV and SARS-CoV, which are relatively close. There is little difference between different strains of SARS-CoV-2. There are 200 to 300 differences among 30,000 bases, but SARS-CoV-2 has only a single digit. Therefore, the mutation rate of this virus is relatively low, and now it has basically no mutation. The strains in Italy, Hong Kong and Wuhan are very similar, and there is not much change. This situation may also indicate that it has a strong adaptability to the human body.

Let’s go back to the storage host. The variation of HIV in the storage host is also relatively low. Some people speculate that the virus has been transmitted to people after some adaptation in the intermediate host, so the mutation rate in people is relatively low now. This situation is different from SARS-CoV, but it is similar to MERS-CoV. All coronaviruses have a correction enzyme, and exonuclease is responsible for the correction, so it can ensure that its mutation rate is low. If the correction enzyme is inhibited or knocked out, the mutation rate will be high, and the virus toxicity will be weakened or even unable to survive.

Virus detection

Let’s talk about the specific diagnosis of SARS. The specific diagnosis still depends on reverse transcription PCR, that is, polymerase chain reaction.

Test the nucleic acid of the virus. If antibodies are used for detection, colloidal gold can be used to detect IgG and IgM of antibodies, and ELISA can also be used to detect antigen antibodies. At present, the most important thing is to rely on nucleic acid detection. The detection of antigen and antibody has just begun, and the quality of antigen reagents has to be approved by the state. One of the problems is relapse. Some people find that nucleic acid tests are negative twice and then positive after a while. Why? I think the biggest possibility of this situation is that it is not accurate, that is to say, the virus has not been removed when the test is negative.

This is to explain the changes of nucleic acid antigen antibody. Let’s take HIV as an example. Its RNA is red peak, antigen is green peak and antibody is blue peak.

This is RT-PCR detection method, which is mainly detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and it is a magic weapon for us to make specific diagnosis now.

This is an antibody test using colloidal gold.

Of course, a simpler method is ELISA, which can test both antibodies and antigens. If you want to test antibodies, you must produce high-quality antigens. If you want to test antigens, you must have high-quality antibodies.

COVID-19 medicine

We talked about Covid-19’s treatment. One way is to use the old medicine in a new way, using interferon, ribavirin, RNA polymerase inhibitor, Remdesivir and convalescent serum. The FDA recently approved two drugs for COVID-19’s treatment, one is convalescent serum, and the other is chloroquine phosphate. We still allow the use of steroids in the diagnosis and treatment from the first edition to the seventh edition. I want to focus on my analysis and views on this issue.

Let’s look at the mechanism of action of these drugs first. Ribavirin inhibits the synthesis of mRNA cap, thus blocking the transcription of viral RNA, so it is broad-spectrum antiviral. Interferon has remarkable antiviral activity and immunomodulatory activity. Chloroquine phosphate has some effects on autophagy.

We found from the literature that Remdesivir is effective against common community-acquired coronavirus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and its action sites are mainly polymerase and exonuclease with correction function.

Moreover, in the treatment of COVID-19, we have noticed that steroid hormones are widely used in mainland cases, and some Chinese medicines also have steroid-like characteristics. It is known internationally that the use of steroid hormones will prolong the course of disease for other coronaviruses, and whether the prolongation of the course of disease has an impact on the prognosis of the disease deserves further study. Previously, SARS-CoV found that the virus had been released in the gastrointestinal tract for a short period of one month and the longest period was two or three months. Because of intestinal mucosal immunity, even if there are neutralizing antibodies in the blood, it can’t protect the intestine.

This picture is a virus on the one hand and an immunity on the other. The human body relies on its own immunity to defeat the virus, but the immune response also causes symptoms, including cytokine storm and lung inflammation. Most of our drugs are antiviral drugs. If the virus is eliminated, these symptoms will be alleviated. As we all know, the anti-inflammatory reaction of steroid hormones is immediate, but if the immunity is suppressed, the virus cannot be controlled, but it will increase greatly. Therefore, I have been very opposed to using steroids to treat SARS or COVID-19 since 2004.

Let’s talk about hormones. The effects of hormones on coronavirus have been well studied for a long time. The work published in PNAS in 1964 found that mice or cells could not be infected by mouse hepatitis virus, but could be infected immediately if given hormones. The paper published in Gut in 1969 has been studied in detail from the cellular level to the animal level. I want to remind you that they see that high-dose steroids have the strongest effect on promoting virus replication and enhancing pathological reaction, but even if only low-dose 0.05mg hydrocortisone or 0.1mg prednisolone is used every day, they can still see the stimulating effect on virus replication. The use of steroids can stimulate the virus to replicate 50 to 1000 times. As for SARS-CoV, the experience summarized in Hong Kong at that time was that steroid use would cause more deaths and make the disease more serious. Studies on MERS also clearly show that steroids can prolong the clearance of the virus.

We can learn a lot from HIV. According to the replication cycle of HIV, there are anti-fusion drugs to inhibit virus fusion, anti-receptor drugs to inhibit receptor binding, and then reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors can be used for HIV and COVID-19. Professor Jiang Shibo, our host, is a pioneer in this field. By understanding the interaction between proteins on the virus surface and cell receptors, we can inhibit the fusion of viruses and cells.

The drug developed by Professor Jiang mainly inhibits the interaction between the two spiral regions HR1 and HR2 in the fibrillar protein on the virus surface, and the antiviral effect can be achieved by inhibiting their interaction. The same principle can be applied to COVID-19. These are all directions worthy of our study. I believe you can hear Professor Jiang Shibo’s wonderful speech in the next round of reports.

We can learn from these therapeutic drugs from HIV, including drugs that inhibit the virus from entering cells, protease inhibitors, replicase inhibitors, helicase inhibitors, cell target drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs, which are worth studying and trying out. Anti-inflammatory drugs contain antibodies against interleukin-6 receptor, which can inhibit the effect of interleukin-6. At present, it has achieved good results in fighting the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Among the target drugs of cells, TMPRSS2 protease can cut the fibrillar protein of SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 into S1 and S2, and inhibiting this enzyme does inhibit virus replication.

Covid-19 Vaccine

Let’s talk briefly about vaccines. There are many types of vaccines, including inactivated vaccines, dead vaccines, some delivered by carriers, and some subunit vaccines, protein vaccines, DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines.

The prevention of poliovirus was originally carried out with inactivated vaccine or attenuated live vaccine. The development of vaccines has taken years. In the past, many virologists made one or two vaccines in their lifetime, and what they left behind was our wealth.

DNA vaccine can be delivered in different ways, which may be naked DNA, or it may be encapsulated in nanoparticles. DNA vaccine can directly act on antigen presenting cells, or indirectly deliver antigen to antigen presenting cells after intramuscular injection/subcutaneous injection, so as to deactivate B cells and T cells and activate antibody immunity and cellular immunity respectively. So the advantage of DNA vaccine is that it can activate both cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

The advantage of DNA vaccine is that it is easier to develop than protein vaccine, but the disadvantage is that its immunogenicity is particularly poor. Because DNA will be integrated, in order to solve this problem, an mRNA vaccine has been developed to produce mRNA from cDNA, or this mRNA can be made by in vitro transcription or even synthesis, and then the protein is directly expressed in the cytoplasm through mRNA, and the antigen of the protein is transmitted to the presenting cells to activate immunity. Of course, if we increase the delivery of mRNA, we can use the nanoparticles of this liposome to package the imaging virus to increase its stability and anti-RNase ability.

MRNA vaccine is the first vaccine approved for human safety test in the United States. Our country has approved an adenovirus vaccine. We use adenovirus vector to present COVID-19’s fibrillar protein, but we need to pay attention to whether adenovirus can trigger immune response. These methods can be used to develop COVID-19 vaccine, and the simplest one is of course inactivated vaccine. The virus is collected and killed by formalin or ultraviolet radiation to prepare inactivated vaccine, but the safety is hidden. In the past, some SARS vaccines have been tested in human clinical trials and have certain effects. But the safety and effectiveness are still worth studying. It is more challenging to prepare an attenuated live vaccine, which has the advantage of stimulating a comprehensive immune response. Or prepare subunit vaccine, and only express some virus subunits. Or a vaccine prepared by using a viral vector, such as the vaccine that uses adenovirus to express fibrin this time. At present, every vaccine is worth trying, and we will use which one can succeed. Even if the vaccine is not ideal, it can still be used with good immune effect.

These are the methods that have been practiced in the past, and the new vaccine involves recombinant DNA, second-generation sequencing or structural biology, which can make the vaccine better.

What I want to share with you is mainly the above.