Don’t let the "edge anchor" poison the teenagers

  "Net" Comics/Li Xiaojun

  ● Scratching behavior refers to the vulgar behavior of attracting attention by revealing clothes and teasing behaviors on platforms such as live short videos. The anchors use these behaviors to attract traffic in a soft pornographic way, thus gaining commercial benefits. This kind of behavior not only violates public order and good customs, but also is suspected of vulgar and soft pornography marketing.

  ● Some live broadcast platforms have explicitly prohibited and warned the edge-scraping behavior. However, due to the different judgment methods and audit modes of each platform, the handling methods of the edge-scraping anchor are not the same, which leads to the joint efforts to rectify the edge-scraping behavior.

  ● Further improve Internet norms and laws, at the same time, compact platform responsibilities, strengthen training and education for network anchors, and strengthen guidance for netizens, in order to form a joint effort of all parties to jointly purify cyberspace.

  □ Our reporter Han Dandong

  □ Intern Guan Chuyu of this newspaper

  "Thank you for your order, so I’ll dance a favorite dance of my eldest brother now!" In the car-selling live room of a short video platform, a female anchor was wearing a short black silk skirt and twisted with music. In the video of shooting a car, the sexy female anchor kept coquetry for the camera, and when she put the car in gear, the camera focused on her thigh wearing black stockings … …

  "Selling cars also began to scratch? Can’t it be normal? " Some netizens said in the comment area.

  Scratching, a network term, refers to the vulgar behavior of attracting attention by revealing clothes and teasing behaviors on platforms such as live short videos. In an interview recently, the reporter of "Rule of Law Daily" found that the act of rubbing edges emerged in an endless stream on the Internet. Some anchors not only attract people’s attention by sending some scratch content, but also specially label it as "scratch" in order to increase the video playback.

  Experts interviewed by the reporter believe that the act of scraping not only violates public order and good customs, but also is suspected of vulgar and soft pornography marketing, polluting the network environment and poisoning young people. It is suggested to further improve Internet norms and laws, and at the same time, tighten the responsibility of the platform, strengthen training and education for network anchors, and strengthen guidance for netizens, with a view to forming a joint effort of all parties to jointly purify cyberspace.

  From edge-wiping woman to edge-wiping man

  Wipe drainage is disgusting.

  Not only live broadcast with goods, but also the popular live broadcast PK (a new interactive way of live broadcast, which means that two anchors carry out "even wheat" PK with each other to compare the winners and losers with the amount of rewards) is also mixed with a lot of edge-scraping behavior.

  Yang Yang (pseudonym) of Jinan, Shandong Province is an anchor. In the process of PK with some female anchors, he often sees similar scenes: in order to win PK, the female anchor writes down the name of his eldest brother on his chest and thigh to attract more rewards. This obvious teasing behavior is hard to look straight at.

  In live interaction, wiping behavior is more common. The reporter browsed several live broadcast rooms and saw that some female anchors were sitting in front of the camera in dark V tops. The text in the live broadcast room said "beer bombs, flowers and sunglasses turn". It turned out that as long as fans gave a gift, such as "beer", the anchor would pull up the shoulder strap of the bra once … … There is also a live broadcast room with music that makes people blush, which is called "immersive experience" by the anchor.

  On the internet, netizens call the female anchor who has the behavior of wiping the edge "wiping the edge". However, the reporter noticed that some male anchors and male bloggers have recently joined the ranks of edging, using edging as a "password" to attract traffic.

  Not long ago, the painting style of a beverage company’s live broadcast room changed suddenly, from the original sexy and plump female anchor to the male anchor wearing tight vests and shorts. These male anchors danced, showed their muscles and Poss for the camera in the current online popular songs. This move was called by netizens as "changing the soup without changing the medicine, or rubbing the set."

  The reporter noticed that these male anchors and male bloggers changed into gray sweatpants or tights, either showing their abdominal muscles or dancing on their hips. Gradually, wearing gray pants was labeled as "wiping man". On a short video platform, "Grey Pants" was played as many as 16.249 million times.

  Many bloggers also use "Bian Bian" as their user name or copy, in order to attract more attention and enthusiasm. In these comment areas that scratch the content, there are many sexually suggestive messages.

  It is even more unacceptable, and even many netizens call it spicy eyes — — Some male anchors wear sexy lace underwear for live broadcast. In the live broadcast, the male anchor not only stood in front of the camera to show off his underwear, but also made shy, caring, circling in place and posing for the camera.

  "This situation is really embarrassing." Some netizens commented under the video, "It is obvious that girls wear clothes, but boys are allowed to show them, so I don’t know who to buy them for."

  "This completely subverts the definition of male in my cognition." Ms. Wang, a parent from Jiangsu, said with anxiety that once she saw her son in elementary school brush such a short video, she immediately stepped forward to stop it. She hoped that her children would see a male anchor who was healthy, sunny and spread positive energy from the Internet, and she did not want her children to be misled by these marginal videos.

  Zhang Wei (pseudonym) from Beijing has installed more than 10 social apps on his mobile phone. During his daily use, he often brushes aside videos and photos. "Why do you push this content to me every day?" Zhang Wei said that some people may like to brush aside, but I believe more people are definitely disgusted, especially now that minors are surfing the Internet more and more. I hope the relevant departments will take action to purify the network environment.

  Scratching video has a poor look and feel.

  The traffic revenue is significant.

  On social platforms, there are a large number of works that get popularity by tagging. The reporter searched for the "scratch" tag on a short video platform and found that its broadcast volume was as high as 6.02 billion times.

  Scratching has brought huge heat and traffic benefits to these videos. In the hot works labeled "edge", the reporter found that not all videos are based on vulgar edge. However, compared with similar videos, the traffic of works with the label of "edge" is obviously higher than that of videos without the label of "edge".

  Li Wei (pseudonym) from Yantai, Shandong Province is a loyal user of short video platform. When she released the video, she found that the traffic of the video was always limited, but if she put the "edge" label on it, the number of views would obviously come up.

  A male dance blogger who hasn’t been in a platform for a long time wears women’s clothes and dances Korean spicy dance in the video. This obvious contrast behavior has brought him a lot of traffic income, and the maximum number of single videos can reach 691,000 times.

  Under these videos, there are not only comments praising bloggers, but also a lot of critical and sarcastic unfriendly comments. Some netizens said: "Dancing is dancing. Why are you dressed like this?"

  There are also comments bluntly: the proliferation of edge-rubbing men may lead to the audience’s sexual doubts and self-cognitive differences, which will distort their spirit and world outlook, thus causing serious consequences. For minors, they are more vulnerable to this kind of behavior.

  "The act of wiping is a means to attract attention and attract traffic, so as to satisfy the curiosity of the audience." Zhu Wei, deputy director of the Communication Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, believes that wiping is not only a matter of content communication, but also a matter of values. If governance is not carried out in time, there will be many people competing to imitate.

  "After wiping the woman, the short video of wiping the man is also hot on the network platform. The anchors use these rubbing behaviors to attract traffic in a soft pornographic way, thus gaining commercial benefits. " Ma Lihong, a lawyer of Beijing Deheheng Law Firm, said that the reason for the increasing number of edge-rubbing men is to meet the demand of some women to consume male sex, which is essentially the same as the entertainment circle to create a flow of male stars to attract female fans and then reap the economic dividends of fans.

  According to the statistical bulletin of national economic and social development in 2022 released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of Internet users in China is 1.067 billion, and the Internet penetration rate is 75.6%. "If we adopt an overly tolerant attitude towards the act of rubbing, it will lead to more and more cross-border behaviors, and may even encourage more people to join the ranks of rubbing, which is not conducive to establishing good social customs and maintaining a healthy and clear network environment." Ma Lihong said.

  She believes that the appearance of this kind of edge-scraping behavior reflects that in the era of short video on the Internet, fast-food sales and traffic are still the "password to get rich" in the eyes of some people, which leads short video participants to excessively pursue quick realization and short-term benefits, attracting attention with "new", "strange" and "special" ways, even at the edge of the law.

  Urgent need to compact platform responsibility

  Effectively control the act of rubbing.

  In recent years, relevant departments have frequently taken measures to rectify soft pornographic information on various online platforms. In February 2021, the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Standardized Management of Webcast" jointly issued by the National Network Information Office and other seven departments clearly stipulated that illegal and bad information such as vulgarity, feudal superstition and "scratching the ball" should be thoroughly cleaned up.

  "At present, although there is no clear definition of wiping behavior in law, many relevant regulations have restricted wiping behavior." Zhu Wei said, for example, the "Regulations on Ecological Governance of Network Information Content" stipulates that producers of network information content shall not produce, copy or publish illegal information containing the following contents, including spreading obscenity, pornography, gambling, violence, murder, terror or abetting crimes. Producers of network information content should take measures to prevent and resist the production, reproduction and publication of bad information containing the following contents: including promoting vulgar, vulgar and kitsch content; It may cause minors to imitate unsafe behaviors and violate social morality, and induce minors’ bad hobbies.

  In June, 2022, the Code of Conduct for Internet Anchors, jointly issued by the State Administration of Radio and Television and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, stipulated that Internet anchors should not have the following behaviors in the process of providing online performances and audio-visual program services: including dress makeup, language behavior, live room scenery and other sexually suggestive and provocative content; Acts prohibited by laws and regulations and other acts that have adverse effects on online performances and online audio-visual ecology.

  Ma Lihong believes that it is impossible to include all the phenomena through legislation because of the high generality of writing and the lag of legislation, but such behaviors can be measured by combining relevant legislative principles, such as the principle of "public order and good customs" established by the Civil Code. The advertising law also clearly stipulates that advertisements shall not interfere with social public management norms or violate good social customs. Where advertisements are published that violate public order and good customs, the market supervision department shall order them to stop publishing advertisements, and impose penalties such as fines and revocation of business licenses.

  "The relevant departments can play a declaratory role through the handling of individual cases, such as administrative punishment or judicial trial of certain kinds of edge-scraping behaviors that violate the law, and visualize legal principles through precedents, so that the public can have a more intuitive understanding of edge-scraping behaviors through the form of cases." Ma Lihong said.

  The reporter noticed that some live broadcast platforms have also made explicit prohibitions and warning instructions on the edge-wiping behavior. However, due to the different judgment methods and audit modes of each platform, the handling methods of the edge-wiping anchor are not the same, resulting in the joint efforts to rectify the edge-wiping behavior.

  "Generally speaking, the dissemination of network information has to go through a number of checkpoints, such as the publisher’s self-examination and the review of the published network platform. However, this kind of edge-cutting behavior is still popular, indicating that there are loopholes in these checkpoints. It is not obscene not to describe sexual behavior. This kind of pornographic information is walking along this side. " A legal expert who asked not to be named believes that the pornographic "edge ball" is as harmful as the identified obscene content.

  Ma Lihong believes that some recent skirting behaviors on short video platforms not only violate public order and good customs, but also are suspected of vulgar and soft pornographic marketing. The Internet is not an illegal place, and the activities of network users on social platforms should not only follow the autonomy rules of social platforms, but also conform to the public order and good customs of society.

  She suggested that the operators and managers of registered accounts on online social platforms should operate and manage their registered accounts in a legal, civilized and standardized manner, attract the attention and interactive sharing of the audience with high-quality information content, and maintain the good social image of their accounts and themselves, and should not take the way of "scratching the ball" to attract network traffic and gain attention. Operators of online social platforms shoulder the responsibility of carefully examining and judging the information content uploaded by platform users, and should take appropriate management and disposal measures for information content that violates laws and regulations and social public order and good customs.

  "In terms of supervision, in addition to further improving Internet norms and laws, it is also necessary to compact the platform responsibility, strengthen training and education for network anchors, and strengthen guidance for netizens, in order to form a joint effort of all parties to jointly purify cyberspace." Ma Lihong said.

Media survey: Over 80% of netizens support the management of network anchors (Figure)

  On the 12th, the Ministry of Culture announced the 25th list of illegal Internet cultural activities, and nearly 17,000 network anchors were investigated. The number of illegal network anchors is so huge that it once again reflects the problems in the field of webcasting. From stars to ordinary people, more and more people join the ranks of network anchors. In order to attract more viewers, some network anchors even have no bottom line hype and show off pornography.

  According to a survey, over 80% of netizens support relevant state departments to guide and manage network anchors. Among them, 48.08% of the respondents think that the live broadcast of eating and sleeping by network anchors is "vulgar and unintelligible". Some public opinion analysts pointed out that network anchors may usher in a big reshuffle in the second half of this year.

  Some parents worry that their children will be affected.

  In January of this year, a pair of male and female anchors on the betta platform conducted pornographic live broadcasts, so the vulgarization of network anchors became the focus of public opinion. Weibo, a police officer including Jiangsu Cyber Police, criticized this phenomenon by name and pointed out that two anchors had been suspected of breaking the law.

  The survival of network anchors depends on the audience’s "reward" in the live broadcast. In order to attract more viewers, network anchors often go sideways, or speculate through verbal and physical cues, or live broadcast of boring behaviors such as eating and sleeping. This kind of soft pornography has brought high popularity and rich income, and network anchors have become more and more "willful".

  But public opinion has been quite worried about this. By searching for "webcast" through Baidu Index, in terms of crowd division, 12% of followers are teenagers under the age of 19. A parent in Guangzhou once told reporters: "Now students have a mobile phone, and they are really worried that their children will see the bad content of the anchor and have an impact on him."

  Some time ago, the "Men’s Subway Live Event" in Guangzhou was also criticized by public opinion, not only because the behavior of two men eating and drinking in the subway seriously disturbed public order, but also because their vulgar and "out of place" performance openly publicized a bad social habit. The voice of public opinion for rectifying the webcast platform is also getting higher and higher.

  The anchor is basically recognized but needs supervision.

  A few days ago, Questionnaires.com launched a survey about network anchors. The survey results show that over 70% of the respondents have some knowledge of the profession of network anchor, which shows that webcasting has become a phenomenon and is known to most people.

  However, when asked, "What do you think of the overnight fame of network anchors?", 31.73% of the respondents thought it was a reflection of social impetuous psychology. Some media have reported that the high income of webcasting can reach hundreds of thousands of yuan a month, and the anchor of game commentary can even get an annual salary of 10 million yuan. Under the temptation of interests, many network anchors flock to it.

  When asked, "What do you think of the influence of network anchor on the public and society?", half of the respondents still recognized the joy brought by anchor. Among them, 14.42% of the respondents think that webcasting broadens their horizons, and even 7.69% of the respondents think that webcasting has established people’s confidence and encouraged the diversified development of humanity and culture. It can be seen that network anchors are basically recognized, but they need supervision.

  In "Do you think it is necessary for relevant state departments to guide and manage the webcast industry?" In one question, a total of 82.69% of the respondents chose necessary. In addition, 65.38% of the respondents said that network anchors should spread positive energy.

  The network anchor had high hopes, and his versatility and good sense of camera are all pushing the development of the emerging industry of webcasting. Network anchors have gradually grown into an industry group, and "prohibition" is obviously not the best way.

  It is true that the cultural department cannot always audit and supervise every network anchor, but it can combine with other relevant departments to introduce corresponding punishment measures to shock the warning. At the same time, the live broadcast platform should fulfill its main responsibility, with sufficient content audit inspectors and strict technical monitoring measures, so as to find, track and identify in time and shut down illegal performances in time. As an anchor, you are also responsible for the live content. In this regard, some experts suggest that real-name registration system measures such as identity authentication should be implemented for network anchors, so that the source can be traced and the responsibility can be investigated.

  Nanfang Daily reporter Deng Qiang

SAIC’s Zhiji car reported that it was dissatisfied with Xiaomi because of the comparison of new cars with cyber violence.

  Caixin. comZhiji Automobile, a subsidiary of SAIC, released a new car, benchmarking Xiaomi Automobile in the process. The storm caused by this conference continues. On April 11th, Zhiji Automobile publicly reported that it suffered from organized cyber violence and traffic bullying, which affected the normal business activities and business reputation of the enterprise, and urged relevant departments to severely punish cyber violence.


  On April 8th, Zhiji Automobile released the pure electric car L6. Tamia Liu, co-CEO of Zhiji Automobile, made a speech at the press conference and later became the focus of cyber violence. Tamia Liu said that some employees missed the birth of their children in an effort to "build cars", and some employees sent their young children to boarding schools so that they could meet in a hurry only once a week.


  Since then, there have been a lot of malicious comments in the official Weibo comment area, official live broadcast room and dealer’s live broadcast room of Zhiji Automobile, calling L6 an "orphan car" or a "wife-abandoned car". These messages even encouraged consumers not to buy, saying that "no business, no harm".

Shaanxi: There are fruits in four seasons.

This article is transferred from: Shaanxi Daily
Shaanxi, a major fruit province, has a good report card: the planting area and output of apples and kiwifruits rank first in the world, the cherry planting area ranks second in the country, and the grape planting area ranks third in the country.
Appropriate temperature and humidity, sufficient light and precipitation give Shaanxi fruit a unique flavor and taste. However, Shaanxi, where the planting area and output of fruits rank first in the country, is rich in fruit types, but most of the fresh fruits are harvested in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, the bulk fruits are mainly stored in cold storage, and the local seasonal fruits are not enough to compete with other provinces, which leads to the occupation of Shaanxi fruit market in winter and spring by a large number of foreign seasonal fruits.
How can we stay in the "C position" of the fruit market stage? In the past few days, reporters have visited the market and visited the producing areas, trying to find the "password" for Shaanxi to seize the highland of the fruit market.
1 spring fruit market rarely sees local goods.
On April 12, people came and went in the fruit sales area of Boxma Xiansheng on Jiefang Road in Xi ‘an. The shelves are filled with rows of fruits, such as red strawberries, orange oranges, yellow bananas and green avocados, which are dazzling and attractive. A closer look shows that there are not many local fruit varieties in Shaanxi.
"From February to April, local fruits in Shaanxi only accounted for about 10% of the total sales of fresh fruits in Boxma." Zhang Weibo, fruit purchasing manager of Xi ‘an Box Horse Network Technology Co., Ltd. said.
Zhang Weibo told reporters that the spring fruits sold by Boxma Xiansheng are mainly produced in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing and other places. The varieties mainly include mango, litchi, honeydew melon, banana, lotus fog, lemon and small green orange in Hainan, Chu orange, honey pomelo, wogan, grape, watermelon and blueberry in Yunnan, and loquat and navel orange in Sichuan and Chongqing. Shaanxi local fruits mainly include Luochuan Red Fuji Apple, Ruixue Apple, Shaanxi Cuixiang Kiwi, Yanliang Melon, strawberries, blueberries and other fruits. On the whole, among the spring fruits sold by Boxma Xiansheng, the most popular ones are early-maturing cherries, blueberries, orange pomelo, pineapples, honeydew melons and other varieties.
Zhang Weibo said that with the improvement of living standards in recent years, consumers have higher and higher requirements for the quality of fruits, and they have put forward higher requirements for the appearance, taste, nutrition and safety of fruits. Fruits in the province, outside the province and even abroad are seizing the market, and the competition is becoming more intense. In order to seize a place, fruits must be of good quality and distinctive.
As a typical representative of the new retail industry, Boxma Xiansheng can see the huge challenges faced by local fruits in Shaanxi from its fruit sales. Then, in the fruit wholesale market, will the sales of local fruits in Shaanxi be different?
On April 8, the reporter went to Suzaku Agricultural Products Wholesale Market in Chang ‘an District of Xi ‘an to find out. In a shop called Suzaku Xingmao Fruit Shop, there are all kinds of fruits. The owner, Ms. Liu, told the reporter that after the Spring Festival, there was a gap in local fruits in Shaanxi, and the main products on sale were apples, kiwis and other cold storage stocks. At present, among all the fruit varieties in the store, citrus fruits and apples sell a lot, among which Luochuan Red Fuji is the main apple, and Shaanxi apples are still very competitive.
Zhang Jian, deputy general manager of Suzaku Agricultural Products Wholesale Market, told the reporter that Suzaku Agricultural Products Wholesale Market is the distribution center of agricultural products retail and wholesale in the south of Xi ‘an. At present, affected by the epidemic, the market sells 30 to 40 tons of fruits every day, mainly apples, bananas, rakes, watermelons, strawberries and so on. Among them, the local fruits in Shaanxi mainly include apples, pears and strawberries.
In this market, the daily sales volume of apples is about 10 tons, mainly from Luochuan, and some from Gansu, Tongchuan, Baoji and other places. The price of "90 fruits" (apples with a diameter of 90 mm) ranges from 8 yuan to 9 yuan per kilogram. Mid-April is the peak period of strawberry sales, and about 5 tons can be sold every day. Strawberries are mainly produced in Huyi District of Xi ‘an, zhouzhi county, Lantian County, etc. According to different quality, the price ranges from 10 yuan to 16 yuan per kilogram. In addition, the price of Pucheng crisp pear ranges from 6 yuan to 6.5 yuan per kilogram. Kiwifruit stocks in zhouzhi county and Meixian are small, and they will be sold out soon after the year. This year’s cherry was listed a little later than in previous years, but the cherry output showed an upward trend year after year, becoming a major force for Shaanxi fruit to seize the market.
2 Chengcheng Cherry Breakthrough Against the Trend
Before the Spring Festival this year, merchants from other provinces booked all the cherries produced by Wupo Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Wujiapo Village, Siqian Town, Chengcheng County, at the price of one kilogram of 800 yuan. This price, like a bomb, exploded among cherry farmers in Chengcheng County, making people marvel at the power of modern agricultural science and technology.
The company has built 12 intelligent greenhouses and planted cherry trees called "a stick". Through intelligent management and agricultural science and technology, the ripening time of cherries was advanced to the Spring Festival, thus selling them at a good price.
Qi Wugang, the manager of the company, is extremely happy. He plans to build at least 30 smart greenhouses with floor heating and air conditioning this year.
In recent years, the domestic big cherry has quickly become popular and become a "upstart" of fruit. Chengcheng County is located in the eastern part of Weibei Plateau, with thick land and large temperature difference, and is recognized as a high-quality cherry producing area in China. Chengcheng County, based on the county resource endowment, put forward the goal of "the first cherry county in China".
In 2018, Chengcheng County established the first national-level cherry experimental station in the province, and continued to promote variety improvement, planting experiments and technical training, which provided scientific and technological backing for the development of cherry industry. With the support of new technology, some fruit farmers tried to develop cherries in cold shed, which advanced the maturity of cherries by more than 20 days. These 20 days have increased the price of cherries by at least 50%. The fruit farmers who tasted the sweetness went on to develop cherries in greenhouses. Compared with the cold shed, although the investment in the greenhouse is much larger, the harvest time of the cherries produced is more than one month ahead of schedule, and the market time just coincides with the off-season of spring fruits, and the price is at least 10 times more expensive than that of ordinary cherries.
In order to further advance the time of cherry market and seize the Spring Festival market, Chengcheng County introduced a dwarf close planting mode to plant a "stick" cherry tree.
The tree shape of a "stick" cherry tree is very different from the traditional cherry tree. It has no crown and looks like a stick, which directly blooms and bears fruit on the "stick". Its characteristic is that it can be planted densely, at least 1000 plants can be planted per mu of land, and it can also be potted, which is convenient to move.
It is understood that compared with ordinary cherry trees, the planting management of "one stick" is relatively complicated and cumbersome. Plant it in a pot and cultivate it until August, then move the pot into a cold storage for forced dormancy. When winter comes, move it back to the greenhouse for "awakening" and let it grow leaves, blossom and bear fruit in an intelligent temperature-controlled environment. In this way, the cherries produced by it can just be mature and listed during the Spring Festival, grab the word "early" and sell at a good price. Fruit farmers in Chengcheng County affectionately call this potted cherry tree cultivated by hibernation temperature control technology "a stick".
With the planting and promotion of "one stick", Chengcheng cherry has changed from the initial harvest period to four harvest periods. At present, the planting area of cherries in Chengcheng County has reached 100,000 mu, with an annual output of 50,000 tons and an annual output value exceeding 1 billion yuan. Cherry industry has become a dominant industry in Chengcheng County to promote rural revitalization and help people increase their income and get rich.
The planting of "a stick" in Chengcheng is a bold attempt of Shaanxi fruit farmers, which has advanced the time of cherry market to around the Spring Festival. This means that even in the cold winter, Shaanxi has a real "seasonal" fruit.
3. Facility agriculture makes fruits appear on the market at the wrong peak
As early as the end of March, the cherry was not mature, and Fan Jianwu, secretary of the Party branch and director of the village committee of Fanjiachuan Village, Jiaodao Town, Chengcheng County, began to get busy. He was not only busy shooting videos and promoting cherries on Tik Tok, but also contacted old customers on WeChat to reserve cherries for them in advance.
Fanjiachuan Village is rich in fruits and has the reputation of "Huaguoshan". In spring, agricultural products such as cherry, golden birthday apricot and melon in greenhouse bring the villagers the joy of harvest. It is understood that there are more than 200 greenhouses in Fanjiachuan village, mainly planting peaches, apricots, cherries, winter dates and other fruits, which can increase the income of local people by more than 10 million yuan every year on average.
"At present, our village has planted 500 mu of cherries, including more than 100 mu of greenhouses, which can advance the time to market of cherries by at least half a month, laying a good foundation for seizing the market." Fan Jianwu told reporters that this year is a bumper harvest year. The quality and yield of cherry in greenhouse have been greatly improved compared with the previous year. The average yield per mu has reached more than 1,000 kilograms, and merchants are rushing to order, not worrying about selling at all.
The greenhouse gave the fruit farmers in Fanjiachuan village the confidence to get rich. With the help of facility agriculture, in spring, local fruits such as cherries, strawberries and tomatoes in Shaanxi are listed on the market, which gives them the capital to compete for the spring fruit market.
The reporter noticed that in many fruit shops in Xi ‘an, cherry tomatoes accounted for a large proportion and became the "master Hua Dan" in the spring fruit market.
In Suzaku Agricultural Products Wholesale Market, there are many fruit merchants selling fruit tomatoes, the colors of which are red, yellow and black and red, which are really attractive.
"Local fruit tomatoes also actively seize the spring fruit market. Provence tomatoes and cherry tomatoes from Yunyang Town, Jingyang County are the best sellers. At present, they can sell 4,000 kilograms a day. The wholesale price is about 9 yuan per kilogram, and the retail price ranges from 10 yuan to 12 yuan per kilogram. " Zhang Jian said.
On the evening of April 22, Wang Bo, chairman of Yunlong Vegetable Professional Cooperative in Jingyang County, was still processing commodity orders. "Because our fruit tomatoes are of good quality and popular with consumers, we don’t worry about selling them. Before fruit tomatoes are listed, many old customers place orders on WeChat. " Wang Bo told reporters that the cooperative has always carefully built fruit tomatoes as fist products. Fruit tomatoes are not only diverse in variety, excellent in taste, but also green and safe, and are favored by consumers.
It is understood that Yunlong Vegetable Professional Cooperative in Jingyang County has 30 facilities and greenhouses. Among them, the red cherry tomatoes are pink Beibei, Gege, Busan 88 and other varieties, the yellow cherry tomatoes are first love 3, Huang Luoman and other varieties, and the fruit tomatoes are Provence, delicious 610, fruit strawberry, tin and other varieties. The price of red cherry tomatoes is about 10 yuan per kilogram, the price of yellow cherry tomatoes is about 14 yuan per kilogram, and the purchase price of fruits, strawberries and tomatoes is about 14 yuan per kilogram. At present, cooperatives sell fruit tomatoes through e-commerce platforms and WeChat channels, with an average daily sales of about 10,000 kilograms and sales of more than 100,000 yuan.
In recent years, Jingyang County has made every effort to build "the first tomato county in Shaanxi". Under the guidance of government departments, many local tomato planting professional cooperatives have been constantly improving varieties, improving the sugar content and taste of tomatoes by changing sheds, water and soil, and improving the popularity and value of Jingyang tomatoes by extending sales time, listing at the wrong peak and ensuring supply. Every year from the beginning of February to the end of April is the decisive period of local water supply in Shaanxi, and fruit tomatoes are just on the market and can be sold continuously until July, which provides a good opportunity for fruit tomatoes to seize the market.
The adjustment of industrial structure makes Shaanxi bear fruit in four seasons.
Affected by natural conditions, there are not many kinds of fruits produced in Shaanxi in spring, and there are few high-end fruits and famous brands. In order to seize the market, Shaanxi fruit industry must work hard to improve quality and efficiency to meet consumers’ demand for fruits with good quality and high value. Only by planting high-quality fruits can fruit farmers win the market and increase their income.
The reporter learned from the Fruit Industry Department of the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that in recent years, relying on the construction of "three products and one standard" in the fruit industry, our province has accelerated its efforts to seize the fruit market.
Shaanxi relies on varieties to stand on the market, actively conforms to the trend of diversification of market demand and consumption concepts, insists on the combination of introduction and breeding, accelerates the promotion of new and excellent fruit varieties, optimizes the variety structure, improves the proportion of early, middle and late ripening, promotes the differentiated development of fruit varieties with different colors and tastes, and firmly grasps the market initiative.
Shaanxi wins the market by quality. By establishing high-quality and high-efficiency orchards, integrating and popularizing green, high-quality and high-efficiency fruit production technologies, expanding the coverage area of green manure planting and organic fertilizer, the commodity rate of fruits is improved. Build a post-harvest processing center for fruits, promote the unified purchase and classification of producing areas and pre-cooling after harvest, extend the shelf life and establish a good market reputation.
Shaanxi relies on brands to explore the market, accelerate the construction of a three-dimensional brand system, and promote the standardized development of regional public brands, corporate brands and product brands; Establish Shaanxi fruit industry brand alliance to form a joint force for brand development; Strengthen brand promotion, promote the development of fruit e-commerce and continuously increase market share.
Shaanxi relies on standardization to consolidate the market, give full play to the leading role of leading enterprises, strengthen the certification of green fruits and the establishment of organic fruit production bases, and establish a standardized system for garden building, cultivation, management, storage, packaging, transportation and sales of high-quality fruits that adapt to the modern market.
The scale of production has gone up, and the promotion should also keep up. On May 18th, a special summer fruit "beauty contest" was held in Boxma Xiansheng. The Provincial Fruit Industry Center, together with representatives of nearly 30 fruit enterprises in the province, docked with Box Horse to help the special fruits in the province enter the fresh supply system of Box Horse. "We have initially reached cooperation intentions with seven or eight fruit companies." Ze Ting, general manager of Boxma Xiansheng Xi ‘an, said that since Boxma Xiansheng entered Xi ‘an, many Shaanxi fruits have gone to the whole country through the supply chain of Boxma Xiansheng.
On the same day, the third China Chengcheng Cherry Cloud Marketing Season and Shaanxi Fruit Network Characteristic Season Cherry Season opened. The holding of these activities has promoted the docking of production and marketing and expanded the sales circle of Shaanxi fruits.
Through a series of "combination boxing", in the main season of non-Shaanxi local fruits, Shaanxi is struggling to compete for the highland of fruit market by improving varieties, listing at the wrong peak, building brands and promoting sales, so that people can eat Shaanxi local fruits all year round, and truly realize that a big fruit province has fruits in all seasons.
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Which cities have robbed 1.08 million new energy automobile enterprises?

There are more and more green cars on the road.

Take Shanghai as an example. In 2023, the number of new energy vehicles in the city reached 1.288 million, ranking first in the world. In 2016, this number just exceeded 100,000, an increase of nearly 12 times in seven years.

Counting the history, it has been ten years since the first round of explosive growth of new energy vehicles in 2014.

In 2014, stimulated by the intensive subsidy policies of the central government and local governments, the demand for new energy vehicles was greatly released, which ushered in both production and sales. According to the statistics of China Automobile Association, in 2014, 78,499 new energy vehicles were produced and 74,763 vehicles were sold, up 3.5 times and 3.2 times respectively over the previous year.

The development of new energy vehicles has also brought economic benefits to their cities.In the past ten years, countless cities have come to an end. More than 10 cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Xi ‘an, have set the goal of building a "new energy automobile capital", hoping to get this big cake first.

So in the past ten years, which cities have successfully embarked on their own development path of new energy vehicles? Based on corporate big data, we sketched out a ten-year urban competition record.

Ten Years of Enterprise Big Data: Counting Four Major Urban Industrial Clusters

To build a new energy automobile industry, one of the most important goals is to form industrial agglomeration, so as to achieve scale effect. We selected four major urban agglomerations with the largest concentration in China’s new energy vehicle industry, and further analyzed 62 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, Pearl River Delta region, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Chengdu-Chongqing region.

According to the industrial database of CBN New First-tier City Research Institute, from the latest data of new enterprises such as "high-tech enterprises", "small and medium-sized scientific enterprises" and "specialized and special new enterprises",By 2022, there were 5,764 new enterprises related to new energy vehicles in the four industrial zones.

Based on the industry classification algorithm, the database matches enterprises to all segments of the new energy automobile industry chain, in which enterprises can be matched to three major industries according to the upstream, downstream and downstream: auto parts, vehicle manufacturing and service and application.

In order to better compare the different development directions of cities in the three major industries, we calculated the median of "total registered capital of new energy vehicle enterprises" in 62 cities in the three major industries, which were 947 million yuan, 297 million yuan and 735 million yuan respectively. When we calculate and compare the total registered capital of the three major industries in each city, we can see the industrial distribution characteristics of each city, thus calculating the main industries in the direction of new energy vehicles. For example, the total registered capital of new-type enterprises of "service and application" in Shanghai is 11.561 billion yuan, which is 16 times of the above median; However, the total registered capital of new enterprises related to "auto parts" and "vehicle manufacturing" in Shanghai is only 12 times and 13 times of the above median. Therefore, "service and application" can be considered as the main industry of new energy vehicles in Shanghai.

In order to compare cities better, we spread these data on the map. The main industries in each city are distinguished by different colors, and the total registered capital of emerging enterprises is represented by the size of a circle. It can be found that,The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has more cities with new energy vehicles, and its geographical coverage is also wider.

In addition, among the 62 cities, 25 cities are mainly located in the downstream service and application industries, including Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chengdu, with the largest number of cities. The main industries in 17 cities are the upstream auto parts industry, including Zhenjiang, Yangzhou and Taizhou. The main industries in 20 cities are the automobile manufacturing industry in the middle reaches, including Beijing, Tianjin and Changzhou.

Then if we add the time dimension, what about the changes of industrial clusters in four major cities from the span of ten years?

We calculated the annual growth rate of the number of new enterprises in industrial clusters in cities compared with 2013, and found that,"Automobile Manufacturing" and "Service and Application" located in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain have always been the development focus of the Yangtze River Delta region and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in recent ten years. Comparatively speaking, the Pearl River Delta region has made greater efforts to develop the service and application industries, while Chengdu-Chongqing region has made greater efforts in the vehicle manufacturing industry.

The battle for "the capital of new energy vehicles": Who will end up? Who won?

In the battle for new energy automobile cities, cities have tried their best: some cities have made great efforts to develop with the help of their huge consumer market; Some cities actively promote industrial transformation and upgrading based on local industrial characteristics; Some cities tap the advantages of resources to attract investment.

So which cities won in this competition? Where did you win again? Judging from the available public data,Among the top cities of new energy vehicles, the top three are Xi ‘an, Changsha and Shenzhen, and the top three are Shenzhen, Liuzhou and Shanghai.

Capital never sleeps. In the face of new economic growth points full of infinite possibilities, in the past ten years, the new energy vehicle market has been surging, and many cities have also made efforts to compete for the "capital of new energy vehicles", and the industrial battle has continued to start. We look forward to the future new energy automobile industry, adhering to the concept of innovation and sustainability, and developing healthily and vigorously.

Rome Green Finance rose 21.38% to $3.52 per share.

On January 11th, Rome Green Finance (ROMA) rose by 21.38% in intraday trading, reaching $3.52 per share at 00:11, with a turnover of $24,058,300.

According to financial data, as of September 30, 2022, Rome’s total green financial income was HK$ 6,200,600, a year-on-year decrease of 0.68%; The net profit returned to the mother was-HK$ 693,600, a year-on-year increase of 62.34%.

This article comes from: financial circles

Author: American stock king

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Paris street amateurs wear and share, which deserves to be the fashion capital, and "asexual" wearing is too fashionable.

Keeping up with the fashion trend and understanding the more fashionable clothing collocation methods will make you become fashionable slowly. There are actually many fashionable clothing styles, especially in Paris.The capital of fashion, dareThere are also many people who challenge their own clothes. Paris street amateurs wear and share, which is worthy of being the fashion capital, and "asexual" wearing is too fashionable.

It turns out that what is popular in Paris is "asexual" clothing.Each set is unique.Both men and women can wear it, and the matching way of asexual wear and neutral wind is similar, but it is more difficult to distinguish clothing.Sense of men and womenAt the same time, most of the neutral clothes are worn by women, but the asexual clothes are clothes styles that can be worn by both men and women.

Handsome and generous short cotton-padded jacket+sweater

The short cotton-padded jacket itself is a gender-neutral clothing style, and its design is very simple. The fluffy design also makes the temperament more energetic. Match upTrousersAfter that, the temperament is very handsome, but because it is matched with a sporty suit, the temperament is much softer, and with the high waist design, the effect of clothing collocation is certain.Elegant and feminine.

ZaipeiAsexualWhen wearing clothes, choose colorful scarves to increase the sense of handsomeness, and you can blur the clothes.Boundaries between men and women.

Fashion personality of western-style clothes

A suit is not only a suit of the same style for men and women, but also a handsome and cool atmosphere. As a menswear, it can be paired with black wide-leg pants, showing a generous and steady temperament. As a woman’s dress, it can be worn with a lady’s shirt., enlarge the elegant gas field.

The way of overlapping can make the suit easily show the asexual temperament, and the number of shirts, jackets and ties inside has increased.Casual natureThe effect. You can also make the gas field more by matching boots and ladies’ handbags.Soft and fashionable.

Leather jacket and jeans

The long coat version design is very simple, and the clean lines are also very good.Handsome,However, if the leather design is not a big design, the effect it can present will become a bit.womanTaste, through the collocation of very handsome pants, can effectively alleviate this temperament.

Fat dark jeans can not only show handsome atmosphere, but also retro literature and art, and the coat with leather design is very unique. Simply matching it with a black shirt or a T-shirt is enough.fashionPut on a yellow shirt and the visual effect will be more novel.

Asexual collocation of windbreaker

The fabric of trench coat will be thinner than that of coat, and the matching clothes will be more handsome, and the gas field will be very generous and masculine. At the same time, windbreaker is also very suitable for deviation.YujiefengThe collocation method, as long as the combination of men’s and women’s clothing, can be done.The characteristics of asexuality.

For example, if you choose tight pants or pipe pants, you can wear a trench coat with a certain femininity, and at the same time,It looks free and easy.

Sporty coat and jeans

When matching clothes with a handsome sporty style, you can wear a asexual style by choosing a neutral style with a simple design and a darker color, but remember to choose a fashionable style when matching pants, and you can also match one.Free and easy circumferenceTowel, or a bigger bag, to make the temperament look feminine.

When choosing a sporty coat, it is recommended to wear a baseball cap or a short coat with velvet, which can better show it.sluggishAt the same time, it is more advanced.

Black coat and men’s belt

The shoulder pad design of suits and coats can make the gas field more.seniorThe effect of matching the invisible wind is also very easy, but there is a small accessory that many people will ignore, that isA man’s beltThe design is relatively handsome and simple, and the temperament is even more unique after wearing a coat.

There is no problem in wearing the same style for men and women or a little feminine in other clothing collocation methods. The unique temperament is very attractive. The design of the belt is the crowning touch in clothing collocation, but remember to choose a coat with obvious silhouette or shoulder pad design.The matching gas field will be more unique.

A short vintage coat

The design of short and medium models will naturally show that it is betweenMasculinity and femininityBetween the gas field, the short design can also be matched with the neutral color of brown, and the temperament is more unique, andrestore ancient waysThe effect. However, remember to choose thick fabrics, and the style of clothing should be cut simply, so there can be noThe design of waist-closing.

When matching, it will be better to choose fat wide-leg pants that can cover up the figure curve, and the effect will be very natural.

Western-style clothes

Suits are very suitable for matching.SexyandasexualFeeling of clothing, with asexual clothing, the most taboo is the design of the clothing style.Too handsome,In fact, it is good to choose a more casual collocation method, which can also make the momentum more elegant, and the temperament that can be displayed is also very literary and casual.

Do you want your children to be caddies of Guangzhou team and experience the professional league appearance ceremony together? Now’s the chance!

Does your child like football? Does your child want to be a caddy with professional league experience? Do your children want to be caddies for Guangzhou team? If everything comes true, I believe your child will have an unforgettable memory, which will be an important, meaningful and valuable experience on his growth path. I am afraid it was difficult to achieve it in the past, but now the opportunity has come! Guangzhou Football Club, which has been more enthusiastic about public welfare since this year, will now give you such a ready-made opportunity.

—— On June 4th, 2023, at 15:00, Guangzhou Yuexiu Stadium, the first-class league of Chinese Football Association, Guangzhou Team vs Jinan Xingzhou Guangzhou Langqi & Guangzhou Football Club players entered the arena and held hands to select caddies. The limited registration channel has been opened. Fans are welcome to let their children participate. Please see:Guangzhou team started to sign up for caddy selection activities hand in hand!(Click below to read the original text to view)

Welcome everyone to sign up and let their children have a unique new caddy experience!

With the opening of [Video Number], we will share all the interesting and meaningful moments around us in the future, including Guangzhou Team, Hongyuan and Jielun … Sports, entertainment, film and television entertainment are all available, and everyone is welcome to support and pay attention.

Sun Yingsha lost 4-0 to Chen Meng, which is abnormal? Don’t just watch the big score.

Some people watch the game and only watch the "big score".

In the WTT Macau Championship in 2023, Sun Yingsha lost 4-0 to Chen Meng in the women’s singles semi-final, and some people felt abnormal.

Last week’s WTT Xinxiang Championship was also a semi-final in women’s singles. Chen Meng lost 4-0 to Sun Yingsha. I wonder if they also felt abnormal?

In WTT Xinxiang Championship, Sun Yingsha scored 4-0 in Chen Meng, and the scores of the four sets were 11-5, 11-5, 11-7 and 11-6.

The score of four games failed to hit the key points, so it can be said that Chen Meng was completely defeated.

In the WTT Macau Championship, Sun Yingsha of Chen Meng scored 4-0, and the scores in four sets were 16-14, 11-6, 11-8 and 11-9.

Chen Meng and Sun Yingsha won the first game 10-9, and then Chen Meng tied the game and won five games in a row, only to win narrowly 16-14.

Sometimes, a small score per game is more telling.

Compare another women’s singles semi-final, although Manyu Wang won Wang Yidi 4-2, but this game is less suspense than Chen Meng’s 4-0 win over Sun Yingsha.

Manyu Wang 4-2 Wang Yidi, the score of six games: 7-11, 11-9, 11-9, 11-6, 5-11, 11-4.

Manyu Wang is tall and arm-length, and her movements will not be restored very quickly, which determines that her forehand and backhand cohesion will not be very smooth in the near stage. What Manyu Wang is afraid of is the players with fast convergence speed and not weak strength. In the face of fast players, she often has to quit the stage and exchange distance for reaction time.

Only with speed and strength, it is possible to penetrate Manyu Wang’s defense.

However, Wang Yidi is not a speed player, and her playing style also depends on the quality of her own veneer, which is similar to that of Manyu Wang.

However, compared with Wang Yidi, Manyu Wang has stronger rotation in returning the ball and higher veneer quality. From a fundamental point of view, Manyu Wang’s strength is higher than Wang Yidi’s.

Therefore, regardless of Manyu Wang’s four-to-several win, as long as it is a best-of-seven game, the chance of surprise is very small. Under normal circumstances, it is only a matter of time before Manyu Wang defeats Wang Yidi.

However, in the semi-final between Chen Meng and Sun Yingsha, after 9-9 in the fourth game, if it wasn’t Chen Meng’s serve wheel and Chen Meng’s serve, but Sun Yingsha reversed the game, the result of the following game would be hard to say.

Before the game, when analyzing the match between Chen Meng and Sun Yingsha, I said: Chen Meng was in a particularly good state this time, and Sun Yingsha experienced high-intensity events in a row, and her state declined, which may add a little suspense to this semi-final.

For players with equal strength, the recent competitive state of the players is very important, and the players’ improvisation has a great influence on the results of the game.

Fan Zhendong’s 3-2 reversal of Lin Shidong in the men’s singles quarter-final of WTT Xinxiang Championship last week is a typical example. Lin Shidong got the match point 10-8 in the fourth game, but Fan Zhendong tied the score. Finally, Fan Zhendong reversed 13-11 to win the fourth game and was tied with a big score. Fan Zhendong won the deciding game 11-8. Moreover, Fan Zhendong finally won the men’s singles championship in Xinxiang Championship.

A game, one or two key points, may lead to a world of difference.

In table tennis, besides paying attention to who wins and who loses, it is better to look at the score of each game.

I’m interested in going to see the players’ respective service wheels, return balls and so on. If you are still interested, then learn about various services, techniques and tactics, table tennis equipment and so on.

So, don’t stop at the level of "0-4 lost". Players are improving, should old fans keep pace with the times?

As for some "extreme fans", they think that the players they like can only win but not lose. Losing is abnormal and fishy. Don’t apply the "rice circle" to competitive sports. Isn’t it good to chase the stars in the entertainment circle?

Technical password of generated image AI

In the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made great progress, and AI’s new products include AI image generator. This is a tool that can convert input statements into images. There are many AI tools for text-to-image conversion, but the most prominent ones are DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion and Midjourney.

DALL-E 2 is developed by OpenAI and the project of chatgpt is complementary. It generates images through a paragraph of text description. Its GPT-3 converter model trained with more than 10 billion parameters can interpret natural language input and generate corresponding images.

DALL-E 2 mainly consists of two parts-converting user input into a representation of an image (called Prior), and then converting this representation into an actual photo (called Decoder).

The text and images used in it are embedded in another network called CLIP (Contrast Language-Image Pre-training), which is also developed by OpenAI. CLIP is a neural network that returns the best title for the input image. What it does is the opposite of what DALL-E 2 does-it converts images into text, while DALL-E 2 converts text into images. The purpose of introducing CLIP is to learn the connection between visual and text representation of objects.

DALL-E 2′ s job is to train two models. The first one is Prior, which accepts text labels and creates CLIP image embedding. The second is Decoder, which accepts CLIP image embedding and generates images. After the model training is completed, the reasoning process is as follows:

  • The input text is converted into CLIP text embedding using neural network.

  • Use Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimension of text embedding.

  • Create an image embedding using text embedding.

  • After entering the Decoder step, the diffusion model is used to embed the image into an image.

  • The image is enlarged from 64×64 to 256×256, and finally enlarged to 1024×1024 by using convolutional neural network.

Stable Diffusion is a text-to-image model, which uses CLIP ViT-L/14 text encoder and can adjust the model through text prompts. It separates the imaging process into a "diffusion" process at runtime-starting from the noisy situation, gradually improving the image until there is no noise at all, and gradually approaching the provided text description.

Stable Diffusion is based on Latent Diffusion Model(LDM), which is a top-notch text-to-image synthesis technology. Before understanding the working principle of LDM, let’s look at what is diffusion model and why we need LDM.

Diffusion Models, DM) is a generation model based on Transformer, which samples a piece of data (such as an image) and gradually increases the noise over time until the data cannot be recognized. This model tries to return the image to its original form, and in the process, it learns how to generate pictures or other data.

The problem of DM is that powerful DM often consumes a lot of GPU resources, and the cost of reasoning is quite high due to Sequential Evaluations. In order to train DM on limited computing resources without affecting its quality and flexibility, Stable Diffusion applies DM to powerful Pre-trained Autoencoders.

On this premise, the diffusion model is trained, which makes it possible to achieve an optimal balance between reducing complexity and preserving data details, and significantly improves the visual reality. The cross attention layer is introduced into the model structure, which makes the diffusion model a powerful and flexible generator and realizes the high-resolution image generation based on convolution.

Midjourney is also a tool driven by artificial intelligence, which can generate images according to the user’s prompts. MidJourney is good at adapting to the actual artistic style and creating images with any combination of effects that users want. It is good at environmental effects, especially fantasy and science fiction scenes, which look like the artistic effects of games.

DALL-E 2 uses millions of image data for training, and its output results are more mature, which is very suitable for enterprises to use. When there are more than two characters, the image generated by DALL-E 2 is much better than that generated by Midjourney or Stable Diffusion.

Midjourney is a tool famous for its artistic style. Midjourney uses its Discord robot to send and receive requests for AI servers, and almost everything happens on Discord. The resulting image rarely looks like a photo, it seems to be more like a painting.

Stable Diffusion is an open source model that everyone can use. It has a good understanding of contemporary art images and can produce works of art full of details. However, it needs to explain the complex prompt. Stable Diffusion is more suitable for generating complex and creative illustrations. However, there are some shortcomings in creating general images.