分类： sangna

　　Today (November 10th) morning, National Cultural Heritage Administration held a press conference on the progress of the major project "Archaeological China" in Beijing, and reported the latest achievements and progress in the archaeology of Yin Ruins and the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

　　I. Archaeological Discovery and Research of Yin Ruins

　　Yin Ruins, located in Anyang City, Henan Province, are the ruins of the capital in the late Shang Dynasty. Since 1928, archaeologists in China have begun to carry out scientific archaeological excavations of Yin Ruins, which has opened the curtain of modern archaeology in China. Up to now, more than 90 years have passed, and important relics such as the palace area, residence area, tomb area, handicraft workshop area of Yin Ruins have been discovered one after another, as well as the neighboring Huanbei Mall, the capital of the middle Shang Dynasty, and a large number of precious cultural relics such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes, pottery and jade wares have been unearthed. The distribution and structural layout of Yin Ruins were basically cleared up, and the chronological system of Yin Ruins culture was established, which provided a basis for exploring the archaeological culture of the early Shang Dynasty and even the Xia Dynasty. The research on the capital system, tomb system, sacrifice system, handicraft production system, architecture, water conservancy, spiritual belief and other aspects of the Shang Dynasty continued to deepen, demonstrating the history of the Shang Dynasty recorded in the literature and systematically showing the social and cultural features and the development achievements of the Shang Dynasty civilization. In 2006, Yin Ruins was listed in the World Heritage List, and its outstanding universal value was generally recognized by the international community, which provided a strong support for enhancing national self-confidence.

　　The archaeology of Yin Ruins has entered a new era and stage. Under the guidance of the concept of settlement archaeology, it has deepened the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary cooperative research and made new breakthroughs. A large number of relics of copper casting, bone making, pottery making, living and living, and well-distributed cemeteries were found in the workshop area of Huanbei handicraft industry, which revealed the layout mode of "residence and burial in one" integrating production, life and funeral, and vividly displayed the production picture of handicraft industry in Shang Dynasty. Large ponds, waterways and related architectural relics have been newly discovered in the ancestral temple area of Xiaotun Palace, covering an area of more than 60,000 square meters. The ponds are connected with Huan River through waterways, which has changed the previous understanding of the overall pattern of the ancestral temple area of Yinxu Palace. Based on the exploration and excavation around the tomb area of Yin Ruins, it is confirmed that the eastern part and the western part of the tomb area are surrounded by a trench with a width of more than 10 meters, and the tomb and a large number of sacrificial pits are located in the trench. The discovery of the trench breaks through the understanding of the layout of the tomb area of Yin Ruins and is a major progress in the study of the cemetery system in Shang Dynasty. The road system inside the Yin Ruins has been continuously revealed. Two north-south roads leading directly to the palace area were found about 1km south of the ancestral temple area of the Yin Ruins, and a large road with a width of 15m was excavated on the north bank of Huanhe River. There were clear rutting marks on the roads, and residential areas, tombs, handicraft workshops and so on were densely distributed on both sides of the roads. The framework system revealed by the roads provided important clues for further exploring the urban layout and ethnic distribution of the Yin Ruins. Under the guidance of new ideas and methods, the archaeological research of Yin Ruins will gradually restore a more comprehensive, real and vivid Shang civilization.

　　Second, the new archaeological discoveries of settlements around Yin Ruins

　　Henan Province and Anyang City have implemented the policy of "archaeology first, then transferring" and actively strengthened the archaeological and cultural relics protection work in urban capital construction, and achieved many important achievements in the archaeological work of capital construction around Yin Ruins, greatly expanding the breadth and depth of archaeological research in Yin Ruins.

　　Xindian site, located about 10 kilometers north of Yinxu Palace, is a bronze casting site. Seven bronze casting workshops, more than 10 houses and nearly 100 tombs have been found in the late Shang Dynasty, and about 40,000 pieces of pottery models, pottery molds and a large number of tools for making models and casting copper have been unearthed. The unearthed bronzes bear the inscription "Ge", indicating that the site may be a bronze casting site managed by the "Ge" clan.

　　Taojiaying site is located about 7.2km north of Yinxu Palace. It is a moat settlement in the middle of Shang Dynasty. Pottery production area, residence area and tomb area were found in the site, and rich bronzes, jade articles and pottery were unearthed in 25 tombs, which further enriched the social research content of settlements around Huanbei Mall in the middle of Shang Dynasty.

　　Shaojiapeng site, located about 2.5km south of the palace area of Yin Ruins, is a settlement in the late Shang Dynasty. Three groups of multi-entry courtyards consisting of 18 houses and a graveyard consisting of a Chinese-shaped tomb, 23 small and medium-sized tombs and 4 chariots and horses pits were found in the site. Many bronzes with the inscription "Book" were unearthed in the tombs, indicating that Shaojiapeng site may be the "Book" of historians in the late Shang Dynasty.

　　Third, Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s discovery and research

　　Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the representative of the early mature Chinese character system, and it is also the demonstration of Yin Ruins as the capital of Shang Dynasty. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was unearthed in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. Up to now, about 150,000 pieces have been discovered, and more than 35,000 pieces have been scientifically excavated. The number of words has exceeded 4,000, covering all aspects of politics and life in Shang Dynasty, and it is the direct historical data for rebuilding the history of Yin and Shang Dynasties. There are three important discoveries of Oracle bones in Yin Ruins, namely, the largest number of intact pit YH127 in Xiaotun, the Oracle bones in the south of Xiaotun with a clear date, and the Oracle bones in the east of Garden Village in Yin Ruins with unique historical value. Oracle bones in Yin Ruins directly confirmed the existence of Shang Dynasty in ancient historical records, and Xiaotun in Anyang was Wang Ting of Yin Shang Dynasty, which advanced the upper limit of China’s trust history by more than 1000 years, opened the archaeological and historical research course of Yin Ruins for more than 90 years, and promoted the innovation and development of China’s traditional philology.

　　More than 120 years’ research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions has yielded fruitful results in Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s data collation, chronology by stages, textual research, business history research, compilation and publication of reference books, and personnel training. Based on the profound academic accumulation of more than a hundred years, the study of Oracle bones in the new era pays more attention to the combination with archaeological theories and methods and multi-disciplines, and has made important achievements in promoting the study of ideological history, astronomical calendar and historical geography, and solved the problem of digital divination, which is of breakthrough significance and value to the study of China’s traditional philosophy and ideological history. By reading the data of solar and lunar eclipses recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and combining with astronomical deduction, the solar eclipse occurred on October 31, 1161 BC, which proved that Yin people had mastered the eclipse cycle, which was of great significance to the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions dating and even the movement of the earth and the sun. Combined with Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s Oracle inscriptions and the inscriptions unearthed from the Shi family cemetery in Shangzhou, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, the landscape of Xue Guo in Shang Dynasty was determined, which provided a new fulcrum for the study of historical geography in Shang Dynasty. The study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions has developed into an international academic topic, with scholars participating in the study all over the world and numerous works, which have played an important role in promoting the spread of Chinese culture and promoting the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations.

　　(CCTV reporter Tian Yunhua Ren Meimei Zhang Leilei Guo Min)

　　Zhao Yongfu, president of Naval Equipment Research Institute and executive director of China Shipbuilding Engineering Society, has presided over and participated in many major equipment projects.

　　A series of recent major events and new changes in the Naval Equipment Research Institute closely revolve around a distinct theme-improving the ability of independent innovation in scientific research. In everyone’s eyes, the Party Committee of the Academy, which has just experienced the study and practice activities in the previous stage, is like a "locomotive" with full strength, which drives scientific research and innovation into the "fast lane".

　　Look for problems and dare to poke "pain points"

　　"Independent innovation is the foundation of our demonstration research institution!" This understanding of Liu Mingli, political commissar of the Naval Equipment Research Institute, was written into the "Decision on Vigorously Improving the Ability of Independent Innovation in Scientific Research" recently issued by the Party Committee of the Institute, so as to make it clear at the beginning.

　　During the study and practice of Scientific Outlook on Development, the Institute has grasped the main contradiction that "the ability of independent innovation in scientific research is incompatible with the requirements of fulfilling the mission and responsibilities", and the problem has really hit the "sore spot". Focusing on the fundamental goal of "improving the ability of independent innovation in scientific research", we focused on five aspects, such as top-level design of equipment and demonstration of major models, and made breakthroughs in seven aspects, such as enhancing the ability of macro-demonstration research, cultivating independent innovative talents, and giving play to the core leadership role of the Party Committee in promoting independent innovation. A series of major measures to rectify and implement problems are in full swing …

　　High-level demonstration of research results is the most important thing for research institutes that are revered as "think tanks" and "think tanks" for naval equipment construction and development. The Party Committee of the Research Institute seized the most urgent equipment problems that require the transformation and development of the navy and affect the construction of the navy’s military capability, sorted out and refined six major macro-topics, such as "strategic requirements for the development of naval weapons and equipment", organized elite soldiers to focus on research, and further raised the demonstration research to a high level.

　　The demonstration of equipment capability will ultimately be verified by the actual combat environment. "Sitting in the laboratory and facing the computer", relying solely on this "study-style" demonstration method, is not closely related to actual combat. The research institute tried to establish an "equipment demonstration research base" in a submarine force. Scientific researchers and submarine officers and men went to sea for snorkeling together, used modern simulation methods to deduce subjects such as "underwater information confrontation", and closely combined the demonstration research of equipment capability with the battlefield background of officers and men training, submarine tactics, combat opponents and specific sea areas. Both scientific researchers and army officers and men gained a lot.

　　Create a new model to study big problems

　　"Without a strong academic atmosphere, it is not like a research institute!" Zhao Guoan, deputy director of the Science and Technology Department of the Academy, said that the atmosphere of academic exchanges is not strong and the level is not high, mainly because of conservative leadership ideas and insufficient estimation of the enthusiasm of scientific researchers.

　　Through hard work, the Institute successfully held the Frontier Forum of Naval Equipment Development from September to December last year, invited many academicians and well-known experts to participate, received more than 250 high-level papers, and achieved rich forward-looking and cutting-edge research results. The Naval Equipment Research Institute has also established a joint scientific research model of "small core and big periphery", that is, the institute has mastered the core technology, at the same time recruited scientific research talents and strength for the whole army, strengthened strategic cooperation with scientific research institutes and industrial departments inside and outside the military, established an "innovation alliance" between the military and the ground, and organized a "national team" for equipment demonstration and research.

　　From the initial "a piece of paper, a pen and a slide rule" to the popularization of computers today, the research conditions and means of the Institute have made great progress. However, today’s war is developing faster, and the equipment demonstration research needs more modern simulation methods to describe, preview and reproduce the grand and complex information battlefield, and researchers have a strong voice for the lag of scientific research conditions.

　　Dean Zhao Yongfu described the three-year plan for scientific development: seize the precious opportunity of the state to increase investment in the construction of scientific research conditions in the military, and urge 11 key laboratories to pass the project evaluation and make great strides toward the goal of building a "naval weapons and equipment integrated scientific research center".

　　There is another "big hand" of the Party Committee of the Academy: two years ago, when the family funds were only 20 million yuan, they boldly reformed the management methods of scientific research funds, and raised funds of 240 million yuan to buy an unfinished building for reconstruction, expansion and decoration. Nowadays, the uncompleted residential flats have been transformed into a 20-storey modern scientific research complex with an area of 34,000 square meters, and a key national defense laboratory has been settled here.

　　"Activating" Innovative Talents

　　A "shocking event" happened during the study and practice activities, which made everyone feel the determination and courage of the hospital leaders to "activate" the innovative talent team: in 2008, 18 professional and technical cadres in higher and secondary vocational schools failed in the re-appointment evaluation, and the "elimination rate" was as high as 10%. In view of the lack of independent and innovative talents, the Naval Equipment Research Institute put forward the idea of "six batches" of talent construction: training scientific research leaders to create a batch, selecting a batch from famous universities, recruiting a batch from local scientific research units, supporting a batch with projects and funds, reusing a batch in key positions, and encouraging a batch. Those cadres who have achieved mediocre results and even have not written a paper during their five-year term of office are "out" in the competition for professional title evaluation, which has indeed played a role in "urging a group".

　　Since 2006, the Institute has spent one year to conduct a comprehensive investigation and analysis on the distribution of disciplines and disciplines and the structure of scientific research capabilities of the scientific research team in the whole hospital, and formed a 136-page Research Report on the Structure of Scientific Research Capabilities, in which hundreds of scientific researchers were seated one by one. In view of the existing problems, a number of measures were introduced to strengthen the construction of innovative talent teams. At present, researchers under the age of 35 account for 51% of the research institutes, and it has become a fundamental plan to build an innovative development platform for young people. The Institute has intensively issued documents such as "Implementation Measures for the Selection of New Scientific Research Stars" and "Measures for the Management of Youth Scientific Research Funds". This year, it has allocated 1 million yuan to support 20 innovative projects, and various departments and offices have also actively followed up, and young researchers have signed up enthusiastically.

　　An unprecedented "clean-up" is being carried out in every corner of the organs and departments of the Naval Equipment Research Institute. The contents of the clean-up are all kinds of rules, systems, measures and methods. Party committees and organs study and practice Scientific Outlook on Development, and the "highlight" of rectification and implementation is the construction of innovative mechanisms.

　　According to the eight research reports of the Standing Committee and the opinions and suggestions collected from the whole hospital, the Party Committee of the Institute sorted out 48 innovative measures and issued the Decision on Vigorously Improving the Independent Innovation Ability of Scientific Research, which guaranteed 21 innovative measures that could be put into practice immediately based on the actual situation of the Institute.

　　To this end, the whole hospital has comprehensively cleaned up the existing 216 systems. Among them, 72 items were abolished, 30 items were retained, 94 items needed to be revised, and 20 items urgently needed to be established.

　　Getting rid of the shackles of old ideas makes people walk briskly, and the call for innovation is more hopeful. A number of new systems to support independent innovation in scientific research are ready to emerge, such as "establishing an integrated joint experimental research model", "reforming the evaluation and reward system for demonstration research" and "normalizing high-level exchanges".

　　Scientific development drives innovation and development, like a spring tide, surging endlessly …

Editor: Li Yongchao

　　The "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day" in 2024 is approaching. The theme of this year’s intangible cultural heritage publicity and exhibition activities is "protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritage, continuing the historical context and writing the chapter of the times". Compared with last year’s "Cultural Relics Protection and Utilization and Cultural Self-confidence and Self-improvement", this theme highlights the historical dimensions of protection and inheritance, that is, past, present and future. Continuing the historical context focuses on making intangible cultural heritage better come out of history, and writing the chapter of the times is to make intangible cultural heritage better enter a new era and move towards the future.

　　It is our expectation for the intangible heritage, and it is also the starting point and the foothold to protect and inherit the intangible heritage. After all, the intangible cultural heritage is not only the trace and witness of the past life, but the "root" and "soul" left by our ancient nation to the present and the future, bearing incalculable historical and cultural values. For these intangible heritages with diverse categories, wide fields and rich contents, they are a sensible and experienced "skill" or a meaningful life that can be participated in and realized; Deep down, they are a cultural epic, engraved with the spiritual "code" of our Chinese civilization; From a distance, it is a collective memory about the production and life of ancestors and the exchanges and exchanges between ethnic groups, bearing the heavy responsibility of casting a solid sense of the Chinese nation’s community and helping the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Let the intangible heritage go out of history, into the present and into the future, which can neither be achieved overnight nor once and for all. We must follow the law of intangible heritage protection and inheritance, protect it with initial heart, inherit it with ingenuity, and develop and utilize it with awe.

　　To protect the intangible heritage with the initial heart, we must let the intangible heritage return to "life" and reproduce the "truth". Non-legacy is to life what live fish is to rivers. Every intangible cultural heritage is not a fragment of production and life, but a complete and organic production and life, which is the daily life of people and things in a specific "scene". To protect the intangible cultural heritage with the initial heart and practice the concept of "seeing people, seeing things and seeing life", it is necessary to let the intangible cultural heritage return to the "scene", make it participate in production and life again, and become one of the "protagonists" of the cultural habitat again. The ancient city of Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, which won the "Model Award for China’s Human Settlements", has a history of more than 1,000 years and a protected area of 53 hectares. At present, more than 20,000 residents still live in traditional houses with red "smoke-baked bricks". Tasting Fujian tea and chatting about the daily life of the ancient city has attracted more than 60 cultural formats with non-legacy and old craftsmanship to settle here. This is the dynamic preservation of inheriting history and continuing life, the vivid practice of "seeing people, seeing things and seeing life", and the concrete embodiment of guarding the intangible heritage with the initial heart.

　　Inheriting the intangible heritage with ingenuity, we must adapt the intangible heritage to the present and highlight the "true color". Every non-legacy has a touching story, and each story reflects the diligence and courage of the Chinese nation and the wisdom of transforming nature and social life. Folk literature, traditional drama and other intangible styles directly record the history, continue the context and nourish the folk culture. Inheriting the intangible heritage with ingenuity means persisting in innovation, grasping its "essence" and keeping its characteristics in the process of active innovation, pursuit of perfection and creation of fine products, and continuously enhancing the attraction of intangible heritage in iterative upgrading. In recent years, on the basis of retaining the characteristics and essence of traditional art, Henan operas have constantly innovated their programs, and launched modern Henan operas such as Jiao Yulu and Li Tiancheng, a village official, and the innovative musical Faith, which won the audience’s love and made the "old tree" of non-legacy operas sprout, add vitality and highlight its true colors. This is the result of ingenuity in intangible heritage, the result of ingenuity and intangible heritage "two-way trip", and the result of upholding awe, following the law of intangible heritage development and rational development and utilization.

　　To develop and utilize intangible cultural heritage with awe, we must follow the law and show our "skills". Every intangible heritage is a "living history" left to future generations, bearing the hard exploration achievements of the Chinese nation from generation to generation. Intangible heritage, as a cultural event that originated from ancient life and continued through history to today, has its own characteristics and laws. The process of developing and utilizing intangible heritage is not only a process of grasping the law of intangible heritage, protecting and inheriting intangible heritage according to the law, but also a process of activating the vitality of Chinese excellent traditional culture with the spirit of the times. To develop and utilize intangible cultural heritage with awe, we should focus on "deciphering" intangible cultural genes and spiritual codes, open a new channel through history and the future, connect with the powerful "context" and endless "motive force" bred by China’s millions of years of human history, 10,000 years of cultural history and 5,000 years of civilization history, explore and show intangible "skills" and help the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To develop and utilize intangible cultural heritage with awe, we should not only focus on improving the cultural and ecological environment from the big picture, but also focus on "embroidery" from the small details, fully tap the historical and cultural heritage behind intangible cultural heritage, integrate historical culture with modern life, and make intangible cultural heritage truly become a daily life for the people and a "source of living water" facing the future.

　　Intangible heritage is a precious gift left by ancient people, a unique cultural memory of human beings and a dynamic "living life", which plays an extremely important role in serving the people’s livelihood and helping to build a strong cultural country. On the occasion of "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day", we should focus on the theme of "protecting the heritage, continuing the historical context, and writing the chapter of the times", reiterate the preciousness of the initial heart, the importance of ingenuity, and the key to awe, and re-understand the concept of "seeing people and things and seeing life" and the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization, inheritance and development" in order to further form. (Author: Lou Huafeng, Wang Weihua, respectively, Professor of College of Literature, Minzu University of China, Ph.D. student)

　　On the 28th, the reporter learned from the Guiding Opinions on Early Warning and Management of Liquidity Risk of Housing Provident Fund Funds in Guangdong Province issued by the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development that Guangdong will establish an early warning and management system for liquidity risk of housing provident fund funds.

　　According to the requirements of opinions, through the early warning indicators of individual housing loan rate and net capital flow of housing provident fund, we will comprehensively analyze the capital flow of housing provident fund in time and predict the development trend of supply and demand of housing provident fund loans, and implement early warning in the city as a unit. At the same time, the implementation of early warning classification management. According to the operation of funds and referring to the relevant provisions of the state, 85% of the individual housing loan rate of housing provident fund is set as the critical point of early warning, and it is divided into three early warning levels according to the early warning level: the first warning is that the individual housing loan rate of housing provident fund is between 85% and 90%, and the net flow of funds is negative for three consecutive months; The second warning is that the personal housing loan rate of housing provident fund is between 90% and 95%, and the net flow of funds continues to be negative; The third-level warning is that the personal housing loan rate of housing provident fund is above 95%, and the net flow of funds continues to be negative. When the two early warning indicators of individual housing loan rate and net capital flow meet the conditions at the same time, the corresponding early warning level is triggered.

　　The opinion calls for early warning and management of capital liquidity risk. The Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has established a monthly housing provident fund system through the relevant data of the housing provident fund statistical information system and other relevant data, carried out analysis on the operation of relevant business indicators, monitored the liquidity risk of housing provident fund funds in various cities, and issued early warning risk tips to urban housing provident fund management committees and housing provident fund management centers when necessary. Municipal housing provident fund management centers should establish and improve the liquidity risk prevention and control mechanism, strengthen the research and judgment on the liquidity risk of housing provident fund funds, formulate the implementation plan for the liquidity risk prevention and control of housing provident fund funds, and take corresponding control measures to prevent and control risks according to the early warning level. When the risk warning is triggered, it should be reported to the housing provident fund management Committee and the provincial competent department in time, and corresponding measures can be taken to prevent and control risks.

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Since the launch of the end-to-end intelligent driving system "FSD V12 beta" in the United States in August 2023, end-to-end has become the hottest topic in the automobile industry. With the follow-up of Huawei, Tucki, Weilai, Ideality and other enterprises, almost every domestic manufacturer will spend a lot of space in the press conference to publicize how powerful their end-to-end is. Regardless of marketing methods, what does "end-to-end" mean? What does it mean for intelligent driving? Today we will explain this question to you!

Before the end-to-end intelligent driving system was mass-produced, every intelligent driving system adopted a modular scheme. Simply put, modular intelligent driving is an assembly line, which mainly includes four processes: perception, prediction, planning and control. First of all, the task of the sensing part is to process the data of sensors such as radar and camera of the vehicle, and then analyze the specific position and road trajectory of the objects around the vehicle, and distinguish whether they are pedestrians, bicycles, cars or trucks.

Then, the perception module will transmit the above information to the prediction module, and the prediction module will analyze the next movement state of the surrounding traffic participants according to the above information, such as whether the surrounding vehicles will turn, go straight or stop next. After further analysis, the prediction module will provide one or more driving paths and vehicle speeds that the vehicle can refer to next.

Then the prediction module sends the road driving scheme of the vehicle to the planning module, and the planning module will decide what the vehicle should do next according to the information such as the vehicle’s own state and navigation. After the planning module confirms the driving path and speed, it will transmit the command to the control module, and then the control module will calculate and operate the steering wheel, brake and throttle of the vehicle. A seemingly simple intelligent driving function is realized through the above steps.

From the above introduction, it is not difficult to see that modular intelligent driving decomposes simple driving behavior into multiple steps, and the logic of each step is in perfect harmony. In the eyes of car companies and suppliers, modular intelligent driving itself is a very good solution, because different teams can be responsible for the corresponding modules and give full play to the advantages of division of labor and cooperation, thus rapidly changing intelligent driving from concept to mass production.

Secondly, modular intelligent driving has a set of system framework with clear functions and responsibilities, so when the intelligent driving system finds bugs in use, car companies and suppliers can immediately find the specific reasons for the bugs and quickly fix them through OTA. For example, if the vehicle brakes wrongly when driving at high speed, then through data analysis, the vehicle enterprise can know whether the fault is due to the wrong data of the sensing module or the wrong judgment given by the forecasting and planning module.

Although modular intelligent driving is convenient for mass production and BUG repair, it needs to learn a lot of traffic rules and driving experience if it wants to control vehicles like people, and all this depends on engineers to define the rules in advance, that is, to turn traffic rules and driving experience into lines of software code. But can engineers write code to cover all the driving scenes in reality? Of course it’s impossible! On this issue, there is a classic case in the industry. If you drive a vehicle on a narrow road full of cars on both sides, a balloon suddenly floats on one side of the road, then the general logic will think that there may be children jumping out on one side of the road, so the vehicle should brake immediately. However, the same scene is placed on the high speed. If the intelligent driving system still controls the vehicle by braking immediately, it is likely to turn into a rear-end collision. In other words, if engineers don’t define the rules in advance for this kind of driving scene, such as the system doesn’t brake after the balloon is detected at high speed, then the intelligent driving system will have safety risks when it encounters similar scenes.

According to Xpeng Motors, a relatively stable mass production intelligent driving system has about 100,000 rules. And if the intelligent driving system is to be close to the same level as people, it needs to manually write about 1 billion rules. For software engineering development, this is almost impossible. Because of this, we can see that the traditional intelligent driving system will make more or less mistakes in daily use, so that drivers have to intervene.

For the above reasons, car companies that focus on autonomous driving have been trying to solve the problem that traditional intelligent driving needs preset rules, so there is an end-to-end approach. The so-called end-to-end, in fact, is to make all the traditional sub-modules of perception-prediction-planning-control neural network, that is, to replace the traditional algorithms and manually written rules with advanced algorithm models.

Therefore, the end-to-end workflow is quite different from the traditional modular workflow. The traditional modular work sequence is perception-prediction-planning-control in turn, while the end-to-end sequence is sensor data (radar, camera)-neural network-driving parameters (steering wheel, throttle, brake), that is to say, the traditional perception, prediction, planning and control modules are all completed by neural network.

As can be seen from the workflow, the core technology in end-to-end is neural network, and the technology most closely related to neural network is AI. In the past two years, AI has shown great performance in the fields of voice, text, pictures and video, and everyone should have realized it. When the neural network is applied to the car, it means that people can constantly train the intelligent driving system, so that it can learn to adapt to more complex driving environment.

Therefore, at the functional level, the biggest change from end to end is that the system has the ability of autonomous learning, which is a function that traditional modular intelligent driving does not have.In this way, when dealing with all kinds of unexpected real driving scenes, end-to-end can calculate the appropriate rules through neural network, without having to manually write the rules in advance, which also provides a solution for intelligent driving to deal with endless driving scenes in reality.For example, the Tesla FSD V11 version, which didn’t have end-to-end function before, has written more than 300,000 lines of code, while the end-to-end FSD V12 version has directly reduced more than 300,000 lines of code to 2,000 lines, but the performance of FSD V12 is closer to human drivers than V11.

fromIn theory, end-to-end is indeed a very ideal technology, but in practice, end-to-end is not so reliable. This is because people’s understanding of neural networks is still not clear enough at this stage, so people also call neural networks "black boxes". As shown in the above figure, in the white box state, we are very aware of the logical causal relationship between system input/output, but when the input information passes through the black box, people can’t explain why the input information becomes the output information.

For example, when there is an obvious logical error in the intelligent driving system, the vehicle manufacturer can quickly find out which module the problem is, and then manually write a new rule. But in the end-to-end system, car companies do not know which parameter or structure in the complex neural network has problems.

For this reason, the end-to-end intelligent driving system based on neural network can sometimes give reasonable rules in very complicated scenes, but sometimes it will make very low-level mistakes, such as not being able to distinguish traffic lights, so some people describe it as "the upper limit is very high and the lower limit is very low". Considering that there are some risks in the end-to-end application, the end-to-end intelligent driving system introduced by Huawei and Tucki does not rely entirely on autonomous learning, and their end-to-end systems still have many manually written rules to cover the intelligent driving system.

From the perspective of technology development trend, end-to-end is definitely the direction of high-level intelligent driving in the future. However, because people’s understanding of neural networks is not thorough enough, the end-to-end performance of various companies at this stage still has a certain gap with the ideal level. In addition, compared with the existing modular intelligent driving system, whether the end-to-end neural network algorithm model is smart or not depends heavily on massive real data for training. Only after massive data training, the neural network can be transformed from a small model to a usable large model, which means that high-order intelligent driving requires huge computing power and data input in the development stage, thus invisibly raising the threshold of intelligent driving. Because of this, some car owners will feedback that their cars are not as good as they used to be after upgrading to end-to-end intelligent driving. This is the painful period of big model training. Considering that there are great differences in end-to-end training among different brands in reality, this means that the performance gap of different brands of intelligent driving systems may be gradually widened in the future.

　　　　　 BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Education, recently, the Ministry of Education and the Central Organization Department issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction and Reform of College Teachers in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions). The Guiding Opinions put forward that in order to strengthen the implementation of the evaluation of teachers’ morality, new teachers in colleges and universities must receive special training on teachers’ morality and style before taking up their posts, and only after reaching a certain number of hours and passing the examination can they obtain the qualifications of teachers in colleges and universities and take up their posts to teach.

　　In order to thoroughly implement the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teaching Staff Construction in the New Era and the Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and strengthen the reform of teaching staff construction in colleges and universities in the new era, the following guiding opinions are put forward:

　　First, accurately grasp the requirements of the times for the reform of teaching staff construction in colleges and universities, and implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue. The goal and task is that through a series of reform measures, the development support system for college teachers is more perfect, the management evaluation system is more scientific, the treatment guarantee mechanism is more perfect, and the governance system and governance capacity of teachers are modernized. The professional attraction of college teachers has been significantly enhanced, and teachers’ ideological and political quality, professional ability, educational level and innovation ability have been significantly improved, so as to build a team of high-quality professional and innovative college teachers with excellent political quality, exquisite professional ability and superb educational level.

　　The second is to comprehensively strengthen the leadership of the party and constantly improve teachers’ ideological and political quality and professional ethics.

　　Strengthen ideological and political guidance. Guide teachers to adhere to the "four unifications", strive to be good teachers with "four haves", be good "four guides", strengthen "four consciousnesses", strengthen "four self-confidences" and achieve "two maintenance". Strengthen the Party’s political leadership over colleges and universities, strengthen the political function of party organizations in colleges and universities, strengthen the supervision of education management in party member, and give play to the role of grass-roots party organizations and teachers in party member. Attach importance to the development of party member among outstanding young teachers and teachers who have returned from studying abroad. Improve the organization and management system of teachers’ ideological and political work, and give full play to the overall role of the teachers’ work department of the party Committee of colleges and universities in teachers’ ideological and political work and the construction of teachers’ morality and style. Improve teachers’ theoretical learning system, and comprehensively improve teachers’ ideological and political quality and moral education ability. Strengthen the ideological and political construction of private colleges and universities, and equip and strengthen the ideological and political work team of private colleges and universities.

　　Cultivate and carry forward noble teachers’ morality. Normalization will promote the cultivation of teachers’ morality, and all kinds of teachers’ morality norms will be included in the compulsory content of pre-job training for new teachers and full-time training for in-service teachers. Innovate the way of teachers’ morality education, and stimulate teachers’ endogenous motivation to cultivate teachers’ morality through example leading, situational experience, practical education and teacher-student interaction. Strengthen the "Four History" education of college teachers, standardize the requirements of class hours, and achieve full coverage of all staff in a certain period. Build a good base of teachers’ morality and build a curriculum system of teachers’ morality education. Strengthen teachers’ commendation and improve the teacher honor system. Colleges and universities can hold teachers’ induction and retirement ceremonies, and set up teaching-oriented awards to encourage teachers to concentrate on educating people. Encourage social organizations and individuals to contribute funds to reward teachers. Support local and universities to establish excellent teachers’ libraries, tap typical examples, and strengthen publicity and inspiration. Continue to launch film and television literary works with distinctive themes and showing the style of the teacher era.

　　Strengthen the implementation of teacher’s ethics evaluation. Take teachers’ morality and style as the primary requirement and the first standard in teacher recruitment and introduction, professional title evaluation, post employment, tutor selection, evaluation and reward, employment period assessment, project declaration, etc., strictly assess teachers’ morality, and pay attention to the use of teachers’ morality assessment results. New teachers in colleges and universities must receive special training on teachers’ morality and style before taking up their posts, and only after reaching a certain number of hours and passing the examination can they obtain the qualifications of teachers in colleges and universities and take up their posts to teach. Effectively implement the main responsibility and take the construction of teachers’ morality and style as an important part of the annual assessment of the leading bodies in colleges and universities. Implement the "Ten Codes of Professional Conduct for College Teachers in the New Era" and seriously investigate and deal with the problem of teachers’ moral anomie according to the law and regulations. Establish and improve the exposure mechanism of teachers’ morality violations, and play a warning and shocking role. Relying on the national criminal information database established by political and legal organs, we will establish a system of employment restriction in the education industry.

　　The third is to build a platform for the development of teachers in colleges and universities, and strive to improve teachers’ professional quality and ability.

　　Improve the teacher development system in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities should improve the teacher development system, improve the teacher development training system, security system, incentive system and supervision system, and create a benign environment conducive to the sustainable development of teachers. Actively respond to the challenge of new science and technology to personnel training and improve teachers’ ability to improve teaching by using information technology. Encourage and support college teachers to visit and study at home and abroad and participate in international exchanges and cooperation. Continue to implement the demonstration training project for young teachers in colleges and universities and the construction project of teaching innovation team for higher vocational teachers. Explore the management of teachers’ training credits, and incorporate training credits into teachers’ assessment.

　　Consolidate the development support service system for college teachers. Coordinate the responsibilities of teacher training, career development consultation, education and teaching guidance, academic development, and learning resource services, build a platform such as a strong teacher development center, and improve the teacher development organization system. Colleges and universities should strengthen the development of teachers and the professionalization of personnel, increase the investment in personnel, funds, venues and other resources for teacher development, and promote the construction of demonstration teacher development centers at all levels. Encourage universities and large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions to build teacher training bases, support the exchange and integration of professional teachers in colleges and universities and talent teams in industry enterprises, and enhance teachers’ practical ability and innovation ability. Give play to the exemplary role of famous teachers and teaching achievement awards.

　　The fourth is to improve the management system of teachers in modern universities and stimulate the innovative vitality of teachers.

　　Improve the employment mechanism of college teachers. Fully implement the autonomy of employing people in colleges and universities, and the relevant government departments do not uniformly organize the employment examination for college personnel, simplifying the entry procedures. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the actual needs of running a school, colleges and universities independently formulate the employment conditions of teachers and recruit teachers openly. The graduation institution, study experience abroad, study methods, papers and patents shall not be taken as restrictive conditions. Strictly control the selection and employment of college teachers, and implement the dual inspection of ideological and political quality and professional ability. Establish a system linking the pre-job training of new teachers with the qualifications of college teachers. Broaden the channels for selecting and employing people, and increase efforts to attract outstanding talents from domestic and foreign industrial enterprises and professional organizations. According to the requirements, complete and optimize the team of teachers and counselors of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Explore the employment experience and social practice experience of industrial enterprises as important conditions for hiring professional teachers in vocational colleges. To study and introduce measures for the appointment and management of foreign teachers and standardize the management of foreign teachers.

　　Speed up the reform of post management of college teachers. Actively explore the implementation of the total staff management in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities adopt diversified employment methods according to law to employ people flexibly, make good use of compilation resources, give priority to ensuring the demand of teaching and scientific research, and tilt towards key disciplines, characteristic disciplines and important management positions. Reasonably set the proportion of post structure of teaching staff and strengthen the construction of staff. We will further promote the post employment reform, implement the post tenure system management, further explore the management methods such as the combination of quasi-employment and long-term employment, and implement and improve the employment mechanism that can be promoted and demoted, and can enter and exit.

　　Strengthen the management of teachers’ education and teaching in colleges and universities. Improve the teaching quality evaluation system, multi-dimensional evaluation of teaching norms, teaching operation, classroom teaching effect, teaching reform and research, teaching awards and other teaching achievements. Strengthen the proportion of teaching achievements and the effectiveness of teaching and educating people in performance distribution, job title evaluation and employment, and post promotion assessment, and take a certain amount of undergraduate (specialized) teaching as a necessary condition for the promotion of teachers’ titles. Taking professors as the basic system, colleges and universities should make it clear that professors should undertake the minimum class hours requirements for college students, and those who fail to meet the requirements will be given unqualified annual or employment assessment.

　　Promote the reform of the professional title system of college teachers. Study and introduce the guiding opinions on the reform of the professional title system of college teachers, and delegate the right of professional title evaluation directly to colleges and universities, which will independently evaluate and appoint them according to their posts. Improve the evaluation criteria for teachers’ professional titles, set evaluation indicators according to different disciplines and different post characteristics, and determine evaluation methods. The study experience abroad, the number of patents and the index requirements for indexing, inclusion and citation of papers are not restrictive conditions. Improve the evaluation mechanism of peer experts and carry out the evaluation of representative achievements. Explore the introduction of contribution evaluation mechanism for teachers who undertake national defense and key core technology research tasks. Improve the process of professional title evaluation, and continue to do a good job in the supervision of professional title evaluation of college teachers.

　　Deepen the reform of the evaluation system for college teachers. Highlight quality orientation, pay attention to evaluating teachers according to their ability, performance and contribution, resolutely reverse the tendency of neglecting teaching and educating people, and overcome the disadvantages of focusing on papers, hats, titles, academic qualifications and awards. Standardize the use of indexes related to papers such as SCI in colleges and universities, avoid the absoluteness in the use of citation data such as SCI, SSCI, A&HCI and CSSCI, resolutely abandon "judging papers by journals" and get rid of "SCI first" in papers. Reasonably set the evaluation cycle and explore long-term evaluation. Pay attention to the combination of individual evaluation and team evaluation. Establish a hierarchical feedback mechanism for assessment results. Establish a linkage mechanism of college evaluation, undergraduate teaching evaluation, subject evaluation and teacher evaluation policies, and optimize and adjust the evaluation indicators that restrict and influence the implementation of teacher evaluation policies.

　　Establish and improve the management system of part-time teachers and part-time teachers. On the premise of performing their duties on campus and not affecting their own jobs, college teachers may, with the consent of the school, take part-time jobs that are closely related to their own disciplines and can give full play to their professional abilities. Localities and universities should establish and improve the management system of teachers’ part-time jobs, standardize teachers’ reasonable part-time jobs, and resolutely punish teachers’ part-time chaos. Encourage colleges and universities to hire off-campus experts and scholars as part-time teachers, improve the management measures for part-time teachers, standardize the selection and employment procedures, clarify the standards, responsibilities, rights and work requirements of part-time teachers, and ensure that part-time teachers have high professional ethics, professional ability and educational level.

　　The fifth is to effectively protect the treatment of college teachers and attract stable first-class talents to teach.

　　Promote the reform of salary system in colleges and universities. Implement the income distribution policy oriented to increasing knowledge value, expand the autonomy of salary distribution in colleges and universities, and explore the establishment of a salary system that conforms to the characteristics of colleges and universities. We will explore the establishment of a system for investigating and comparing the salary level in colleges and universities, improve the mechanism for determining and increasing the salary level in colleges and universities, reasonably determine the salary income level of college teachers on the basis of ensuring the normal adjustment of the basic salary level, and increase the inclination to colleges and universities with high-level talents and heavy teaching and scientific research tasks. The cash reward for the transformation of post scientific and technological achievements obtained by college teachers according to law is included in the total performance salary of the unit in that year, but it is not limited by the total amount and is not included in the total base. Implement policies and regulations such as salary and income distribution incentives for high-level talents, part-time and part-time salary, and starting a business after leaving the post. Encourage universities to set up professorships funded by third parties.

　　Improve the incentive mechanism of internal income distribution in colleges and universities. To implement the autonomy of internal distribution in colleges and universities, colleges and universities should improve the internal income distribution mechanism and performance appraisal methods in combination with the actual situation, and tilt towards teachers who are rooted in the front line of teaching and have outstanding achievements, teachers who have undertaken urgent and dangerous tasks and made outstanding contributions, and teachers who are engaged in basic frontier research, national defense science and technology and other fields. Take part in teaching and research activities, write textbook cases, undertake the task of proposition invigilation, and guide students in graduation design, employment, innovation and entrepreneurship, social practice, student associations, competitions and performances, etc. into the workload. Encourage excellent teachers to undertake the teaching work of continuing education, and bring the relevant workload into the performance appraisal system. Do not directly link the quantitative indicators of scientific research such as the number of papers, patents, projects and project funds with performance salary distribution and rewards, and give full play to the incentive-oriented role of income distribution policy.

　　The sixth is to optimize and improve the talent management service system and cultivate a group of high-level innovative talents.

　　Optimize the talent introduction and education system. Strengthen the strategic orientation of serving the country, strengthen the top-level design of the talent system, give full play to the leading role of major national talent projects, strive to build a high-level innovation team, and cultivate a group of scientists, discipline leaders and young academic talents with international influence. Standardize the introduction of talents, strictly control politics and ethics, and achieve "every citation must be judged." Strengthen the construction of talents in philosophy and social sciences and high-end think tanks in colleges and universities, and gather and train a group of famous teachers in philosophy and social sciences. Adhere to the correct orientation of talent flow, encourage colleges and universities to establish industry self-discipline mechanism and talent flow consultation and communication mechanism, and give play to the role of talent work alliance in colleges and universities. Resolutely put an end to the illegal introduction of talents, and those who leave relevant units and posts within the support period without the consent of the competent department of talent planning will be disqualified from the title of talents and corresponding support.

　　Scientific and rational use of talents. Give full play to the role of talent strategic resources, adhere to the correct orientation of talent use, promote the reform of talent evaluation mechanism by classification, promote the return of all kinds of talent "hats" and talent titles to honor and academic essence, avoid repeated support of similar talent plans, select people according to their posts, and determine their salaries according to their posts, and do not take talent titles as restrictive conditions for undertaking scientific research projects, job titles, appraising awards and degree points. Create an academic environment that encourages innovation and tolerates failure, and leave enough exploration time and trial and error space for talents to carry out research. Strict management of talents after employment, strengthen the assessment of contract performance and role play. Strengthen the care and service for talents, and effectively solve their practical difficulties in work and life.

　　Seventh, fully support the growth of young teachers and cultivate a new force in higher education.

　　Strengthen the training support for young teachers. Encourage colleges and universities to expand the number of postdoctoral recruits and take postdoctoral staff as an important source of supplementary teachers. Establish a diversified supplementary mechanism for young teachers to attract overseas students and foreign outstanding young talents. Encourage young teachers to work in enterprises and institutions and visit high-level universities and research institutes at home and abroad. Encourage colleges and universities to promote and boldly use outstanding young talents. Determine the evaluation cycle of young teachers according to the characteristics of the subject, and encourage bold innovation and continuous research. Young teachers in colleges and universities must have at least one year’s work experience as counselors, class teachers and other students, or work experience in teaching, helping the poor, and participating in foreign aid exchanges between Confucius Institutes and international organizations.

　　Solve the worries of young teachers. Local governments and universities should strengthen overall coordination, guarantee those who meet the guarantee conditions of public rental housing according to policies and regulations, and at the same time, effectively solve the housing difficulties of young teachers through various ways such as developing rental housing, revitalizing and tapping the existing resources in schools, and granting subsidies. Encourage various ways to improve the treatment of young teachers and ensure that young teachers focus on teaching and scientific research. Encourage colleges and universities to cooperate with social forces and the government to set up kindergartens, primary and secondary schools to solve the problem of young teachers’ children entering kindergartens. Pay attention to the physical and mental health of young teachers and care for them.

　　Eighth, strengthen job security and ensure that all policy measures are effective.

　　Improve the organizational security system. Taking the construction of high-quality teachers as the basic work in the construction of colleges and universities, strengthening the main responsibility of schools, and improving the working mechanism of unified leadership and overall coordination of party committees, with teachers’ work, organization, publicity, personnel, educational administration, scientific research and other departments performing their respective duties and cooperating. Establish a system of leading cadres contacting teachers and listen to teachers’ opinions and suggestions regularly. Implement the staff congress system, and guarantee teachers’ right to know, participate, express and supervise according to law. Strengthen the construction of teachers in private colleges and universities, and ensure that teachers in private colleges and universities have the same legal status and equal rights as teachers in public colleges and universities according to law. Strengthen supervision and assessment, and bring the construction of teachers into the scope of university inspection, "double-first-class" construction, teaching and scientific research evaluation, as an important part of the work assessment of party organizations at all levels and cadres in party member. Strengthen the publicity of excellent teachers and typical work, safeguard teachers’ legitimate rights and interests, create a social environment that cares for and supports teachers’ development, and form a good atmosphere in which the whole society respects teachers and values education.

1905 movie network news The film is being shown all over the country. Since the film was released, it has aroused heated discussion and concern among fans, and many topics have been listed on the hot search list of social platforms.On March 24th, the film came to Qingdao, Shandong Province. Producer Xu Chunping, producer Dani, director and actors all attended and interacted with the audience enthusiastically. Many plots and details in the film left a deep impression on the audience.

On that day, the audience sincerely expressed their love for the film. Some viewers commented: "It looks better than expected, and the main creator is good at telling stories, telling what really happened in history in an artistic way. After reading it, I feel that my meaning is still unfinished." There are also audiences who express their respect for their ancestors: "A hundred years ago, passionate people opened up a bright road, and we should carry forward the inheritance, Do not forget your initiative mind!" In the movie "Looking at the Road", we can experience the touching stories of people with lofty ideals through the screen, and feel the passionate feelings that span over a hundred years!

Liu Ye, Janice Man.

Liu Ye Janice Man filmed in the cold rain.　

Director Hou Yong carefully designed the picture elements.

Since the film "Looking at the Road" was released, the passionate young people in the film a hundred years ago have tried their best to find a way out of the times, never flinching in the face of various dangers and sticking to their beliefs. This spirit has made the audience extremely moved. The film pays tribute to people with lofty ideals with light and shadow, and the audience also expresses their sympathy and love for the film. The audience commented: "This film has both spiritual significance and appreciation value, and is very suitable for watching with family and friends."

At the Qingdao meeting, the master shared many experiences and feelings when shooting. Director Hou Yong said that the use of red in the film was carefully designed: "The red element is gradually increasing, which first appeared in New Youth magazine and finally turned into a red ocean, symbolizing that this fire has formed a prairie fire."

Director Hou Yong

Two rain scenes in the film left a deep impression on the audience, and also made the actors remember it deeply. Whether it was Chen Wangdao’s engagement with Muhui Cai or Muhui Cai’s failure to seek life-saving medicine, the characters’ emotions became more prominent and intense in the torrential rain. Liu Ye said that when shooting, the two were shivering: "Hugging in the rain has changed the relationship between the two, but it was really cold when shooting." Janice Man said: "When asking for penicillin, Muhui Cai’s mood is very complicated. His lover is in danger, but he can’t betray his faith. The rain is also in line with the mood of the characters."

Liu Ye

The role is profound, and the plot is relaxed.　　

Audience praise: not sensational but full of tears

In the movie "Looking at the Road", the actors’ interpretation of the roles is incisive. Whether they are like-minded and high-spirited, or they will never give in when encountering difficulties and dangers, they all feel the moving spiritual strength of this group of people with aspirations and deeply empathize with them. The audience said: "The whole process is touched, especially in the movie, Muhui Cai and Yang Along, when faced with the dilemma of family and ideal, they did not abandon their beliefs and chose perseverance, but they made people burst into tears. "Liu Ye, Janice Man and others have performed for decades, the characters are portrayed in place, and the plot is relaxed." "I was really attracted by the fate of the characters in the movie, which was more than expected." Director Hou Yong also praised the performance of the actors, referring to Liu Ye’s shaping of Chen Wangdao, the director said; "Liu Ye felt particularly right, especially his explosive power impressed me deeply. “

Janice Man

The film "Looking at the Road" touched the audience on the screen with profound ideas, exquisite stories and exquisite sound and pictures, and also conveyed sincere and upward beliefs outside the screen. Some viewers have strengthened their confidence in pursuing their ideals after watching the movie: "Youth should be so passionate, fight for their ideals and live up to their youth!" Liu Ye also said: "Seeing the passionate youth more than 100 years ago, I feel that I have been ignited and I feel that I can still fight for what I want in my heart." The film is in full swing, taking you close to the legendary life of pioneers in adversity and taking the pen as the blade, and experiencing the spiritual power of inheriting the truth and spanning a hundred years!

The film "Looking at the Road" was directed by Hou Yong, starring Liu Ye, Janice Man and Wang Qiang, and featured.

Jing Guo Zi Fa [2022] No.5

District governments and relevant municipal departments:

　　In order to implement the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments’ "Several Policies on Promoting the Recovery and Development of Difficult Industries in the Service Industry" (No.271 [2022] of the Development and Reform Commission) and other relevant requirements, with the consent of the municipal government, we hereby make a good notice on the reduction and exemption of housing rent for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the service industry in this Municipality as follows:

　　First, the object of relief

　　This notice is applicable to small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households (hereinafter referred to as small and micro enterprises) in the service industry who are registered in Beijing or pay taxes in Beijing and rent state-owned houses in government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises (including state-owned holding enterprises and state-owned enterprises). The scope of the service industry can be identified by the National Bureau of Statistics’ Classification of National Economic Industries in 2017 (GB/T 4754—2017) and the Notice on Amending the Provisions on Three Industrial Divisions (2012) (Guo Tong Design Management Letter [2018] No.74). The scope of small and micro enterprises can be identified by referring to the inquiry module of the directory of small and micro enterprises on the official website of the State Administration of Market Supervision, or by the proof materials provided by the lessee that meet the classification standards of Notice on Printing and Distributing the Classification Standards for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (No.300 [2011] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) and Notice on Printing and Distributing the Classification Standards for Financial Enterprises (No.309 [2015] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).

　　Second, the relief requirements

　　In 2022, the state-owned houses listed as high-risk areas in the epidemic area will be exempted from the rent for six months in 2022 according to the rent standard agreed in the house lease contract; Rent for other areas will be reduced for 3 months. The relief work should be basically completed in the first half of the year; If the medium and high risk areas added after the issuance of this Notice need to be supplemented and reduced to 6 months, they will be completed within 2 months from the time they are listed as medium and high risk areas. If the lessee’s actual lease term is less than one year in 2022, it will enjoy the reduction and exemption in proportion to the actual lease term. If the lease contract involves special circumstances such as rent-free period, it shall be agreed by both parties through consultation.

　　Third, the way of relief

　　State-owned housing rental units can take free, refund and other ways to reduce rent. After both parties reach an agreement through consultation, it can also be implemented in other ways such as extending the lease term of the contract free of charge according to the reduction standard. For the houses that are subletted, if the sublessors are government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises in this Municipality, the lessor and the sublessor shall reduce or exempt the rent for the sublessor and the final lessee respectively according to the rent standards agreed in the lease contract; If the sublessor is not the above-mentioned state-owned unit, the state-owned housing rental unit shall reduce the rent for the sublessor according to the standard, and require the sublessor to reduce all the rent reduced to the small and micro enterprises that are finally leased by signing a reduction agreement with the sublessor and the final lessee, and advocate the sublessor to share the reduction amount reasonably. If the sublessor intercepts or refuses to cooperate with the rent reduction and exemption without reason, the state-owned housing rental unit may stipulate in the reduction and exemption agreement that it should be included in the "blacklist" of state-owned housing lease, its behavior should be exposed or the lease contract should be terminated in advance.

　　Fourth, the relief process

　　(1) Inform

　　State-owned housing rental units shall promptly take the initiative to inform the lessee of the reduction and exemption policy, application process, application material requirements, contact information and other information.

　　(2) Application

　　Eligible small and micro enterprises apply to the lessor, and provide relevant certification materials for small and micro enterprises in time according to the lessor’s requirements, and bear corresponding legal responsibilities for the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the above information.

　　(3) Acceptance

　　State-owned housing rental units shall promptly accept the application for rent reduction and inform the audit results. Do not meet the conditions for relief, should be informed in a timely manner and make a good policy explanation.

　　(4) reduction or exemption

　　State-owned housing rental units to fulfill the relevant decision-making procedures (including the municipal administrative organs and institutions reported to the competent authorities for approval), signed relevant agreements with relevant parties, do a good job in archiving relevant materials, and according to the agreement to reduce rent.

　　The specific process can be implemented with reference to Annex 1 or further refined.

　　V. Support measures

　　Implement preferential tax policies for small and micro enterprises. The rent reduction and exemption of housing owners, in line with the current property tax, urban land use tax reduction and exemption policies, shall be reduced according to law. For small and micro enterprises that rent non-state-owned houses and cannot get rent relief, the local district government can give appropriate assistance in light of the actual situation. State-owned enterprises and institutions whose operating performance is affected by rent reduction and exemption shall be recognized by the higher authorities in the assessment according to the actual situation.

　　VI. Relevant requirements

　　(a) a clear division of responsibilities. State-owned housing rental units are the main body to implement rent reduction and exemption, and all districts, institutions and municipal enterprises are responsible for organizing the state-owned units under their management to carry out rent reduction and exemption. Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs, Zhongguancun Administrative Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Economic Development Zone Administrative Committee, Municipal Cultural Resources Center and other units shall do a good job in centralized supervision and guidance according to their duties.

　　(2) Establish a working mechanism. All districts, government agencies, institutions and municipal management enterprises should find out the housing lease situation of the state-owned units under their management as soon as possible, formulate work plans, clarify the responsible departments, strengthen supervision and inspection, optimize the relief procedures, proactively disclose information such as contact information, work flow and application materials requirements to the lessee, and conscientiously make policy answers. Departments with heavier relief tasks can set up special service windows to improve the efficiency of relief. Within 7 working days from the date of issuance of this notice, all districts, institutions and municipal enterprises involved in rent reduction and exemption for small and micro enterprises shall submit the Contact Form for Rent Reduction and Exemption of State-owned Houses in this Municipality (see Annex 2) to the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs and the municipal state-owned assets supervision and administration institutions respectively. All districts, Municipal Bureau of Organs and Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Institutions shall, before the 1st day of each month, summarize the progress of the system reduction and exemption and submit the Statistical Table of Rent Reduction and Exemption of State-owned Houses (see Annex 3) to the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission.

　　(3) Operating in compliance with the law. All units should resolutely guard against illegal operations in rent reduction and exemption, and strictly guard against behaviors such as interest transfer, abuse of power, abuse of power for personal gain, and black-box operation. All districts and departments shall timely carry out special supervision and inspection.

　　VII. Other matters

　　Other institutions that are not within the scope of application of this Notice but whose business format and scale meet the relevant standards of small and micro enterprises in the service industry, which are indeed difficult to operate due to the impact of the epidemic and make demands for rent reduction, the relevant state-owned housing rental units can be included in the scope of reduction and exemption after performing relevant procedures in combination with the relevant provisions of state-owned assets supervision and their own reality, and implement reduction and exemption with reference to this Notice. Encourage non-state-owned housing rental entities in the region to share the losses caused by the epidemic reasonably on the basis of equal consultation.

　　Where there are other provisions in laws, regulations and articles of association concerning listed companies, such provisions shall prevail; Collective enterprises in this Municipality may refer to this notice; The rent reduction and exemption of houses outside Beijing by government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises at all levels in this Municipality shall be implemented with reference to local policies.

　　From January 1, 2022 to the date of issuance of this notice, this city is listed as a medium-high risk area, including Chaoyang District, Fengtai District, Fangshan District and Daxing District. The adjustment of subsequent high-risk areas in this Municipality shall be subject to the publication of "the State Council Client applet".

　　The right to interpret this notice belongs to the issuing unit.

　　Attachment: 1. Operational Guidelines for Small and Micro Enterprises and Individual Industrial and Commercial Houses in this Municipality to Apply for Rent Reduction of State-owned Houses in 2022.

　　　　　2 the city’s state-owned housing rent relief work contact table

　　　　　3 state-owned housing rent relief statistics

State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　　　　

beijing finance bureau　　　　

Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee　　　　

Beijing municipal organ affairs management bureau　　　　

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau　　　　

Administrative Committee of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone　　　　

Beijing State-owned Cultural Assets Management Center　　　　

April 22, 2022