The indiscriminate application of unilateral sanctions by the United States hinders the development of international human rights.

  For a long time, the United States has indiscriminately imposed unilateral sanctions on the pretext of so-called "foreign policy and national security" without the basis of international law and the authorization of the UN Security Council, grossly interfering in other countries’ internal affairs, creating obstacles for the people of the targeted countries to realize their basic human rights and aggravating the global humanitarian crisis.

  The indiscriminate imposition of unilateral sanctions by the United States violates international law.

  The United States government has imposed economic sanctions on many developing countries, affecting nearly half of the world’s population, seriously undermining the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic norms of international law.

  The indiscriminate imposition of unilateral sanctions by the United States violates the principle of sovereign equality. The principle of sovereign equality is one of the main principles listed in the Charter of the United Nations, and it is the basic norm that countries should abide by in their foreign exchanges after World War II. Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations clearly stipulates that only the United Nations Security Council has the right to decide on relevant sanctions. Only after the UN Security Council has passed a resolution can a member state take a certain or a series of sanctions against a country. In the international community, the differences between countries due to their civilizations, development paths and models should be respected, and the frictions generated should also be resolved with an equal dialogue attitude. However, the United States often imposes unilateral sanctions on other countries with a condescending attitude. As confirmed in its 2021 Sanctions Assessment Report, "sanctions have become the preferred tool for the United States to deal with a series of threats to national security, foreign policy and economy".

  The indiscriminate imposition of unilateral sanctions by the United States violates the general principles of international law jurisdiction. Generally speaking, a country’s laws are only effective within its own territory, and it has no right to apply them in other countries or exercise jurisdiction over related people or actions. In international law, extraterritorial jurisdiction can only be implemented if there is a "true and sufficient connection" between a country and the object of application. However, the "long-arm jurisdiction" of the United States only needs to meet the "minimum contact". As long as the relevant personnel or entities have weak contact with the United States, they can carry out "long-arm jurisdiction" and then implement unilateral sanctions. For example, in 1996, the United States threw out the so-called "D’Amato Act", which allowed it to exercise "long-arm jurisdiction" over third-country entities and individuals trading with Iran, causing huge economic losses to Iran.

  The abuse of unilateral sanctions by the United States is a consistent continuation of its hegemonic hegemony.

  Maintaining its hegemonic position is the main purpose of the United States’ indiscriminate unilateral sanctions. After two world wars and the cold war, the United States became the world’s number one power. In order to maintain its hegemonic position, the United States has launched the Gulf War and the Kosovo War since the 1990s. After the "9.11" incident, the United States became even more unscrupulous, waging wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and intervening militarily in Libya and Syria. All these wars have caused a large number of casualties among local civilians and huge consumption of resources, which has caused widespread complaints from the international community.

  In addition to military means, the United States also imposes economic, diplomatic and other non-military sanctions. Sanctions bills, such as the Global magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act and the Act of Countering American Enemies with Sanctions, and a series of administrative orders have been introduced one after another. According to the 2021 Sanctions Assessment Report, by the end of fiscal year 2021, the United States has imposed more than 9,400 sanctions. From 2000 to 2021, US foreign sanctions increased by 933%.

  The United States abuses unilateral sanctions to violate the human rights of other countries.

  First, it has seriously hindered the realization of the right to subsistence. Survival is the basis of enjoying all human rights, and it is the first right. The indiscriminate application of unilateral sanctions by the United States has led to difficulties in the economic development of the sanctioned countries, and the ability of the government and people to cope with various risks has decreased, making it easy for them to fall into a survival dilemma due to natural and man-made disasters. The long-term illegal unilateral sanctions imposed by the United States on Syria have seriously aggravated the local economic and livelihood crisis. After the severe earthquake in Syria in February this year, due to the extreme lack of heavy equipment and search and rescue tools, many rescue operations can only rely on bare hands to dig in the ruins. On August 30, 2021, American troops withdrew from Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, ending the 20-year war in Afghanistan. Just as Afghanistan urgently needs funds for peaceful reconstruction, the United States not only failed to fulfill its due obligations, but frozen billions of dollars of state assets of the Central Bank of Afghanistan, causing millions of Afghans to struggle on the brink of death and nearly 20 million people to face serious food shortages.

  Second, it has serious consequences for the realization of the right to development. The right to development is an inalienable human right, which has been solemnly affirmed in many important international human rights instruments such as the Declaration on the Right to Development, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. The abuse of unilateral sanctions by the United States has had an immeasurable impact on the development of the sanctioned countries and their nationals. According to statistics, from August 1990 to May 2003, U.S. sanctions caused a loss of 150 billion U.S. dollars in Iraq’s oil revenue, resulting in the per capita annual income in Iraq today not reaching the 1990 level. Unilateral sanctions also have an immeasurable impact on people’s personal development. Take Venezuela, Cuba, Syria, Iran and other countries as examples. U.S. sanctions have prevented teleconferences and data sharing in these countries and other places. People can’t attend online seminars to get information, education and training, and doctors can’t access medical databases.

  Third, it has a negative impact on the realization of the right to health. The right to health is a right that "everyone has the right to enjoy" clearly stipulated in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Through economic and trade blockade, the United States makes it difficult for sanctioned countries to obtain corresponding medical resources. During the COVID-19 epidemic, due to the unilateral sanctions imposed by the United States, the protection of people’s right to health in the sanctioned countries was seriously affected. In 2020, Iran claimed that it had tried to buy vaccines in accordance with WHO’s COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation Plan three times, but all of them could not pay due to US sanctions and restrictions. Because the United States prohibits third countries from selling ventilators to Cuba, Cuba can’t buy ventilators needed to rescue patients in danger of pneumonia.

  The United States wantonly waved the sanctions stick, which seriously violated the United Nations Charter, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and other international laws, and seriously trampled on the basic rights of the people in the targeted countries. American hegemonic behavior has become a destroyer of global peace and development and a stumbling block to human rights progress. In March this year, Alena Du Han, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on human rights, pointed out that the unilateral coercive measures of the United States violated the basic human rights of individuals and entities, such as the right to work and the right to freedom of movement.

  The international community appeals that the United States should earnestly abide by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the norms of international law, stop the indiscriminate application of illegal unilateral sanctions, stop harming the efforts of countries concerned to mobilize resources, develop the economy and improve people’s livelihood, and respect the rights to survival, development and health of people in other countries.

  (The author is the director of the National Research Center of the Institute of Human Rights of Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

The flu will enter the high-risk season, so scientific prevention is careless (healthy China will work hard)

November 1st is World Influenza Day every year. In autumn and winter, the temperature changes greatly, which is also the high incidence period of various respiratory diseases such as influenza.

What’s the difference between flu and common cold? How to prevent influenza is the most effective? A few days ago, our reporter interviewed Vicke Wang, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.

Influenza ≠ common cold

People at high risk should be careful.

Reporter: Is the flu and the common cold the same thing? What’s the difference between them?

Vicke Wang: The flu is different from the common cold. The full name of influenza is influenza, which is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. Influenza viruses are divided into four types: A, B, C and D, but influenza A and B are mainly prevalent in human beings, among which influenza A is more common. At present, people are mainly infected with H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A virus and Victoria and Yamagata strains of influenza B virus.

The common cold is usually caused by virus infection, including rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc., and a small number is caused by bacterial infection. The clinical symptoms of the common cold are usually mild, mainly manifested as runny nose, cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, fever, etc. (usually manifested as low fever), which usually heals itself within one week and rarely affects normal work and study.

Compared with the common cold, influenza is highly contagious, with acute onset, more serious symptoms and greater potential harm-it not only affects the respiratory tract, but also causes systemic symptoms, such as high fever (usually over 38.5 degrees Celsius), headache, joint pain, muscle aches, fatigue and loss of appetite, and may also cause complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis, encephalopathy and septic shock. Among them, pneumonia is the most common complication, and a few severe cases progress rapidly and may die of acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure. Some people are at higher risk of serious complications after being infected with influenza virus, including the elderly over 60 years old, children under 5 years old, pregnant women and patients with basic diseases.

Reporter: According to your observation, has the number of flu patients who came to the hospital recently changed? Is the seasonal epidemic peak coming?

Vicke Wang: Recently, the number of influenza patients in the fever clinic, emergency department, respiratory department and pediatric clinic in the hospital has not changed much compared with the previous period, and there is no obvious seasonal epidemic peak. However, this does not mean that we can take it lightly. Past experience shows that the high incidence of influenza is usually concentrated from the end of November to March of the following year. We still need to take precautions and remain vigilant.

Reporter: What are the main modes of transmission of influenza?

Vicke Wang: Influenza virus is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets produced by sneezing and coughing of infected people, and can also be directly or indirectly infected through oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and other mucous membranes. In certain places, such as crowded, closed or poorly ventilated rooms, it may also spread by aerosol. People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, and influenza patients and asymptomatic infected people are the main sources of influenza infection. Therefore, in daily life, we should take protective measures such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently and keeping social distance to reduce the chance of virus transmission.

Vaccinate against influenza

Is that most direct and effective mean to prevent influenza.

Reporter: How to prevent the flu is the most effective? What measures can the public take?

Vicke Wang: Vaccination against influenza is the most direct and effective means to prevent influenza. It is generally recommended to vaccinate against influenza before the start of the influenza epidemic season. For example, it is very suitable to vaccinate now. According to the virus types covered by the vaccine, influenza vaccines include trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccines, where "valence" refers to the number of virus types and subtypes covered in the vaccine. Trivalent influenza vaccine can prevent infection of three subtypes of influenza virus, including influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and influenza B Victoria; tetravalent influenza vaccine can prevent infection of four subtypes of influenza virus, including influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2, influenza B Victoria and influenza B Yamagata.

All people who are ≧6 months old and have no vaccination contraindications should be vaccinated against influenza, especially high-risk groups such as the old, weak, pregnant and small, that is, the elderly over 60 years old, people with chronic basic diseases, pregnant women and children under 5 years old. In addition, some specific occupational groups, such as medical workers, vulnerable people and employees in old-age care institutions, child care institutions, welfare homes and other crowd gathering places, primary and secondary school teachers, nursing staff or family members who take care of babies and the elderly, are recommended to be vaccinated against influenza as long as there are no contraindications.

Reporter: Why should the flu vaccine be vaccinated every year?

Vicke Wang: Influenza viruses are prone to mutate, and the influenza virus strains targeted by influenza vaccines in different years may be different. Therefore, we will prepare new influenza virus vaccines every year according to the virus mutation prevailing in the previous year; at the same time, the immunity obtained after vaccination will decay with time. In order to provide more effective protection, it is recommended to vaccinate influenza vaccines every year.

The current influenza vaccine has been developed and improved for many years, and its effectiveness and safety are guaranteed. Although there may be slight uncomfortable reactions after vaccination, these reactions are controllable and insignificant compared with the protective effect brought by the vaccine.

Reporter: Some people have reported that why did they get the flu vaccine?

Vicke Wang: There may be such a situation, and the main reasons may be as follows: no vaccine inoculated by human body can be 100% prevented, and influenza vaccine is no exception; although influenza vaccine may not completely prevent the occurrence of influenza, it can effectively prevent the severe illness caused by influenza and reduce the impact of dangerous and severe illness; the protective effect of influenza vaccine is achieved by producing protective antibodies, and it takes time to produce antibodies. It is usually established within 2 to 4 weeks after vaccination. For people with low immunity, antibody production may be slower and take longer. In the time window before antibody production, if you are exposed to influenza virus and infected, the vaccine may not provide protection, and there is the possibility of missing the protection time window.

Research and practice in recent decades have proved that influenza vaccination is an effective means to prevent influenza and reduce influenza-related severe illness and death. In addition to influenza vaccination, we should also pay attention to personal hygiene, do a good job in hand cleaning and disinfection; pay attention to indoor ventilation, keep the air fresh; go to crowded and poorly ventilated public places less, wear masks when necessary; ensure adequate sleep, eat a balanced diet, and strengthen physical exercise.

Never take antibiotics by yourself.

Take antiviral drugs as soon as possible after diagnosis.

Reporter: If you have flu symptoms, do you have to go to the hospital for examination? Can I wait for my own recovery or take medicine at home?

Vicke Wang: It depends. Most of the flu is self-limited, that is, it can be relieved by itself. Most of them have a fever for 3-5 days, and symptoms such as cough and fatigue gradually improve. For example, young people who have no basic diseases should observe and rest first. If the symptoms are mild, they can be relieved by rest, drinking more water and symptomatic treatment. If there is persistent high fever, suffocation, shortness of breath, or blood in sputum and decreased blood oxygen saturation, they should seek medical attention immediately.

For high-risk people and flu patients with severe symptoms, especially the elderly with basic diseases, it is suggested that they should go to the hospital in time when they have symptoms of fever, cough, headache and fatigue. If they are diagnosed with flu, they should use corresponding antiviral drugs as soon as possible to reduce the risk of illness deterioration. If the patient has other complications or aggravation of the basic disease during the flu, he should also seek medical advice in time.

There are also some precautions for taking medicine at home. First of all, don’t abuse antibiotics by yourself. Antibiotics are ineffective for influenza treatment, because antibiotics are mainly aimed at bacterial infections, and influenza is caused by viruses. If there is mixed infection, medication should be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Before taking antiviral drugs, we should check its interaction with existing drugs (such as antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs). When taking drugs, we also need to consider factors such as weight, liver and kidney function, and adjust the dosage according to liver and kidney function.

Reporter: If someone around you has the flu, is it necessary for others to take drugs in advance to prevent it?

Vicke Wang: It is not recommended to take drugs to prevent influenza when you have not been in contact with flu patients, because it is unnecessary. If you have been in close contact with influenza patients and are very worried about being infected, you can take oral anti-influenza drugs for prevention, which is called "post-exposure prevention". As for the preventive measures before exposure, it is suggested to wear masks and wash hands frequently to reduce the risk of infection before knowing that you will be in contact with influenza patients, rather than taking drugs to prevent it.

If a family member is infected with the flu, we should focus on the infected person, let him take antiviral drugs as soon as possible, and reduce contact with other family members. Early treatment of infected people will not only help them recover, but also reduce the infection risk of family members, especially when there are high-risk groups such as the elderly, patients with basic diseases or children at home. In this case, other family members do not need to take drugs in advance to prevent it, but should let the infected people get treatment as soon as possible to reduce the risk of virus transmission in the family.

Reporter: If you are confirmed to have the flu, how should you treat it?

Vicke Wang: Once the flu is diagnosed, you can take antiviral drugs as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor. 48 hours after onset is the golden period of influenza treatment. At this time, virus replication is active. Early medication can improve symptoms as soon as possible, shorten the course of disease and reduce the probability of severe illness. At the same time, symptomatic treatment is needed, such as using antipyretic drugs when there is a high fever and antitussive drugs when there is a severe cough.

As we said earlier, antibiotics are only for bacterial infections and do not directly treat influenza, but patients with severe influenza often have or have secondary bacterial infections. The influenza virus attacked the airway epithelium of human body like a fire, and it showed "burn-like" performance. Serious damage can easily attract other germs, such as bacteria and fungi, and antibiotics are needed at this time. What needs to be clear is that this requires professional doctors to judge.

Reporter: If you get the flu, won’t you get it again in the near future? In a short time, can a person be infected by different influenza viruses?

Vicke Wang: If you get the flu once, you won’t get it again in a short time. However, with the passage of time, for example, every six months, the antibody level gradually drops, and it is possible to be infected again.

Can a person be infected by different influenza viruses? This is possible because there is no cross-immune protection between different types of influenza viruses, but the probability is small. In the same season, the probability of simultaneous epidemic of influenza A and influenza B is relatively low, and the probability of continuous infection of the same person by two types of viruses in a short period of time is relatively low.

It should be noted that after getting the flu, you should have a good rest, do not recommend working immediately, and pay attention to the changes of physical symptoms. If you have symptoms such as cough and expectoration, you should be careful whether there is secondary bacterial infection, because the airway mucosa is damaged after the flu, and it is vulnerable to other germs during the repair process. In order to protect yourself, it is recommended to continue wearing a mask in public.

People’s Daily Overseas Edition (09th Edition, November 01, 2024)

The 65th anniversary of Teresa Teng’s birthday: We still miss you as time flies by.

Some people say that where there are Chinese, there are her songs. Many people in the entertainment circle are "miracles", but only Teresa Teng is a "legend".

January 29th, 2018 is the 65th anniversary of Teresa Teng’s birth. Her voice is like Oriole, and she moistens things silently, which makes people feel the beauty of pop music for the first time. The scene of eavesdropping on Teresa Teng’s songs in the film Fanghua is a true portrayal of that era.

"The Moon Represents My Heart", "Sweet Honey" and "I only care about you" … Her songs soothe the soul and become the memories of youth of a generation. Which one is your favorite?

The moon represents my heart—

You ask me how deep I love you

I love you somewhat.

My feelings will not change.

My love remains the same

The moon represents my heart

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Sweet honey—

Honey, you smile sweetly.

Like flowers in the spring breeze.

Open in the spring breeze

Where have I seen you?

Your smile is so familiar

Just like your tenderness—

Up to now, year after year

I can’t stop thinking about it.

Miss you, miss the past

I wish the sea breeze would come back.

Just for the hands of the waves

Just like your tenderness

Small town story—

There are many stories in the town.

Full of joy and joy

If you come to a small town

Gain a lot.

On the water side—

Green grass is pale

White and foggy

There is a beautiful woman

Another Side of the River

Wine and coffee—

Wine and coffee

I just need a drink.

Think of the past

I drank the second cup again.

Cordate telosma—

I love the night.

I also love this nightingale singing.

Love the flower-like dream more

Embracing cordate telosma

When Rijun comes again—

After leaving tonight

Goodbye Again

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Teresa Teng (January 29, 1953-May 8, 1995) was born in Yunlin County, Taiwan, China, and her ancestral home was daming county, Hebei Province. She was a Taiwan, China singer and one of the representative Japanese female singers in the Showa era.

In 1967, he released his first solo album, thus starting his singing career. In 1969, she became famous in Taiwan Province by singing the theme song of the same name of Taiwan Province’s first series Jingjing. In the early 1970s, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia’s record markets were opened with works such as "A Thousand Words" and "Hai Yun". In 1974, he won the Japanese record award "Newcomer Award" with the Japanese song "Airport", which laid the foundation for his acting career in Japan. In 1976, he held his first solo concert at Leigh Stage in Hong Kong. In 1980, she was elected as the first best female singer in Taiwan’s Golden Bell Award. In the early 1980s, he was invited to give concerts in Lincoln Center, Los Angeles Music Center and Caesar Palace in Las Vegas. In 1983, the first concert tour of Chinese singers was held, and then commercial performances were terminated. From 1984 to 1986, he won the Japanese Cable Award for three times with the trilogy つぐなぃ, Love, Time, Time, Life, Body and Body. Since 1987, he has been in semi-seclusion and faded out of the music scene.

On May 8, 1995, Teresa Teng died in Chiang Mai, Thailand due to bronchial asthma. In the same year, Teresa Teng was awarded the "Golden Needle Award" at the Hong Kong Top Ten Chinese Golden Melody Awards Ceremony. All-Japan Cable Broadcasting Award, Japan Cable Award and Japan Record Award were respectively awarded "Special Merit Award" by ratification. In 1996, the Taiwanese Golden Melody Award was posthumously awarded to Teresa Teng as "Special Contribution Award". In 2007, Teresa Teng became the "Hall of Popular Music" in Masao Koga Music Museum.

Chongqing morning post reporter Tang Hao

Network platform blocks words such as "writing papers" and "merchants" from engaging in transactions in a new guise.

  In recent years, behind many academic misconduct, there is a secret paper trading industry chain, and some third-party institutions buy and sell papers, plagiarize and cheat under the guise of "polishing papers".

  Cheng Shuozuo (Xinhua News Agency)

  "SCI journals are the most important and reliable, and the number is limited. Pay after employment." Xiao Zhao, a doctoral student in a university in Beijing, received an e-mail titled "Reply: Submission" when his mobile phone screen lit up. When he clicked into the text, he found that this paper was written to advertise.

  "This is the third letter I have received this month." Xiao Zhao wrote to this newspaper that he often received similar emails.

  Writing papers instead of publishing them violates scientific research integrity and erodes scientific research spirit. Nowadays, some paper intermediaries turn to online platforms. How do they work? Why is it repeatedly banned? The reporter conducted an investigation.

  Businesses that write and send papers are all over the network platform, claiming that they can buy papers with money.

  "As long as there is ‘ in Weibo; Paper ’ In two words, there may be an account for writing papers ‘ Like ’ 。” Xiao Su, a master’s graduate, said that she encountered this situation many times when writing her thesis.

  The reporter tried to publish a Weibo with the word "paper". In less than 10 minutes, it was called "Shuo — On — Generation — The account of "Write" likes it, and its homepage profile says "Write MBA, MPA, master’s thesis, periodical publication, etc., and write the team professionally to ensure quality", and leave the QQ number.

  "It is easy to find relevant information on the Internet." Wuyishan, a researcher at the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, said. With the rapid development of Internet and computer communication technology, the communication channels of papers are more extensive, the communication speed is faster, and more people are contacted.

  Reporters input "papers" on Baidu, sogou and other search engines, and there are websites on the front pages. Some introductions say, "Strictly follow the writing requirements, standardized format and delivery time, and multi-disciplinary professional teachers provide high-quality auxiliary guidance", and some advertisements say, "The agent publishes quickly, the editor-in-chief receives the manuscript directly, the process is short, and the page fee bill is provided, so you are a reliable paper publishing partner". On Taobao, QQ, WeChat, Zhihu and other platforms, you can also find "merchants" and users related to writing and forwarding papers.

  The reporter contacted a number of businesses in the name of writing and publishing papers. When searching to join the relevant QQ group, a user took the initiative to ask: "Write a paper?" The reporter inquired about the charge for writing undergraduate graduation thesis, and the other party said that 900 yuan, a thesis with 10,000 words and a repetition rate of less than 10%, would "start the topic, check the duplicate and report".

  When the reporter hesitated whether it was "reliable", the other party sent a screenshot and said, "We do this every day." There are more than 20 documents on the map, and the topics are related to accounting, real estate, photovoltaic power generation and so on.

  In a paper publishing agency group, members nicknamed periodical editors constantly publish information: "The agency can receive it directly, check the manuscript, make it public, and have invoices", "Wanfang will include it, keep it online, and return it in full if it is not online" … …

  A user nicknamed the editor of a periodical recommended a periodical, saying that it is regular and accessible, and the publishing cost is about 800 yuan, "depending on how many characters you write". The reporter wants to confirm whether it can be published. The other party said that "the article is clear in logic, coherent and smooth before and after, and generally no problem", and said that the layout is tight, so it is best to grasp the operation. On Wanfang platform, we can find that this journal is a weekly magazine. Taking the latest issue as an example, there are more than 200 articles, and the authors come from companies, grassroots governments, township schools and so on.

  It is worth noting that some agents can also write or help contact them. "I can help you contact and see what you need," said the editor. The ghostwriting fee is generally from 100 yuan to 300 yuan. A "thesis consultant" of "China paper net" also made it clear that it can be written on behalf of others, and sent four periodicals and their prices, some of which were "2200 characters for the first edition, 1850 yuan for writing on behalf of others" and some were "3000 characters for the first edition, 2100 yuan for writing on behalf of others".

  Xiao Zhao received an email saying that he could help publish SCI journals, "no down payment, 0 down payment, payment after the journal is officially hired, and no charge if it is unsuccessful". After the reporter consulted, the other party sent a picture showing that the price ranged from 20,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan according to the periodical division and impact factors.

  Demand is large and profitable, and some "merchants" have changed their faces and taken risks.

  According to the "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Scientific Research Integrity" issued by the Central Office and the State Council in 2018, the market supervision and management, public security and other departments should take the initiative to investigate and severely punish intermediary service institutions engaged in illegal activities such as buying and selling academic papers, writing and investing on behalf of others, and forging, fabricating and tampering with research data.

  The reporter found that many platforms have blocked keywords such as "writing papers", but they are still banned repeatedly, just changing their faces and evading supervision.

  For example, in Sina Weibo, a search for "papers to write" indicates that "according to relevant laws, regulations and policies, the search results are not displayed". However, there are still a lot of results when searching by ghostwriting, and some "hot" Weibo likes them by thousands and forwards them by hundreds. In Taobao, there are some products called "Guidelines for Writing and Publishing Academic Papers". After the reporter consulted, the "merchants" sent the prices for writing and publishing. Searching on QQ with "thesis" as the key word has a large number of groups. The reporter joined a group with 1988 members, and the user "Golden Pen Studio" said, "The students who need to write on behalf of this group have a private chat with me." There are also some websites, wearing the vest of "paper cloud platform" and "periodical information", which are engaged in writing on behalf of others.

  Wuyishan said that effective supervision mechanism and legal restraint mechanism are still lacking. The reporter also found that although it is easy to search online, the follow-up communication is hidden. Most of the other parties request to add private chats such as QQ and WeChat, and some payments are also made through WeChat, which brings inconvenience to supervision.

  In addition to the regulatory difficulties, behind the repeated prohibition of writing papers on behalf of others, there is still a large number of demand and supply.

  "I know students who haven’t sent an article in the fourth and fifth grades. Sometimes they are too worried to sleep." Xiao Zhao said that in his department, generally speaking, doctoral students need to publish at least two SCI journal papers after graduation, and some students are under great pressure to publish.

  It is not only masters and doctoral students who are facing the demand of writing and publishing papers. "Now, the total number of people who have the hard task of writing scientific research papers is very large." According to Kunlun Zhang, a professor at Henan University, the total number is in the tens of millions, including full-time teachers in colleges and universities, graduate students, full-time teachers in high schools and junior high schools, as well as scientific researchers and engineers and technicians other than colleges and universities, as well as technicians in agriculture and health industries. Wuyishan also believes that it does not mean that the unreasonable requirements for publishing papers will be cancelled, and papers will be extinct. "Some people may still cheat in order to pursue better interests in the process of awarding prizes."

  From the supply point of view, the risk of writing papers on behalf of others is low and the return is high, with income ranging from thousands of yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. The reporter also learned that compared with the income, its cost is lower, most of the income belongs to the intermediary, and the writer gets less income.

  In addition, the service of writing on behalf of others can be called "thoughtful", and some "merchants" not only provide one-stop service of writing on behalf of others, but also have a warm attitude. A few days after the reporter’s consultation, the "merchants" also took the initiative to remind them that if the topic selection of the paper is difficult, they can help to set the topic and pay attention to the deadline … …

  The demand is still strong, the supply is continuous, the supervision is facing difficulties, and the multiple factors make the Internet paper generation platform still emerge one after another.

  Experts suggest perfecting laws and regulations, strengthening network supervision, and reasonably defining the requirements for publishing papers.

  "If this continues, it will be extremely unfair to those who really sit on the bench and work hard to explore the unknown and study science and technology." Kunlun Zhang said that the drawbacks caused by the publication of papers in money transactions are serious, and should be dealt with severely with a combination of boxing.

  Kunlun Zhang believes that the punishment measures formulated by relevant laws and regulations are relatively thin, and there are also problems of inadequate law enforcement in reality. He suggested that laws and regulations should be improved, and it should be clearly stipulated that commercial institutions that write and distribute papers are illegal, and commercial acts of writing and distributing papers are illegal.

  "On the basis of clear laws and regulations, the press and publication management institutions at all levels and the public security network supervision departments should work together to resolutely eliminate websites and advertisements that publish papers for compensation, and investigate the legal responsibilities of intermediaries and relevant journals." Kunlun Zhang said.

  Wuyishan also believes that, in view of the fact that most of the advertising and trading activities of papers are carried out through the Internet at present, it is suggested that the network supervision department set up a filtered vocabulary of related words, so that intermediaries can’t publicize through the Internet, and demanders can’t access relevant information on the Internet, which will increase the difficulty and cost of their publicity and trading.

  In addition to the governance of the platform, we should also make efforts from the demand side, such as reasonably defining the requirements for publishing papers for the promotion of professional titles of relevant practitioners.

  “‘ Paid publication of papers ’ The persistence of high fever is closely related to the rigid requirement of publishing papers for the promotion of professional titles of science, education and health technicians. The criteria for evaluating the professional ability of science, education and health technology practitioners should be diversified, and the specific situation needs specific analysis. " Kunlun Zhang suggested that some positions can be promoted without publishing papers, while others can only use publishing papers as an auxiliary condition rather than a rigid condition of "one-vote veto". In terms of degree awarding, the requirements for publishing papers of different degrees can also be different.

  In October 2018, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the China Academy of Engineering issued the Notice on Carrying out the Special Action of Cleaning up "Only Papers, Only Professional Titles, Only Academic Qualifications, Only Awards". Wuyishan believes that if the action of cleaning up "only papers" can be put in place, it will help to manage the chaos from the demand side.

  Academic journals are also the link to manage the distribution of papers. Kunlun Zhang said that it is necessary to create a mechanism in which journals don’t want to sell their pages and are afraid to sell their pages. From the perspective of internal mechanism, we should improve the quality of running journals, formulate rigid severe punishment measures, and severely deal with those who sell pages privately for profit. From the perspective of external mechanism, external law enforcement inspection and supervision should be strengthened.

  Of course, researchers should strengthen self-discipline, and those who finish and publish papers through improper means should be punished more severely. "If there is a problem with integrity, one vote veto will do!" Wuyishan said.

How to carry out the wall decoration planning of rough houses and save costs? What are the main points of such decoration planning?

The wall decoration planning of blank houses needs to ensure the decoration effect and save costs, among which many points are worthy of attention.

Before starting the wall decoration, we should first conduct a comprehensive inspection of the wall condition. Carefully check whether the wall surface is smooth, whether there are cracks, empty drums and other problems. You can use a ruler to check the flatness of the wall surface, and tap the wall surface with a small hammer to check whether there is an empty drum. If the deviation of wall flatness is large, more materials may be needed for leveling in the later stage, which will increase the cost; If the empty drum part is not treated in time, it may lead to problems such as wall paint falling off.

Choosing suitable wall decoration materials is the key to saving costs. There are many kinds of wall decoration materials in the market, such as latex paint, wallpaper and diatom mud. Latex paint is relatively close to the people, with high cost performance, relatively simple construction and convenient later maintenance. Wallpapers are rich in patterns, which can create different decoration styles, but the prices are quite different and the quality is uneven. Diatom mud has certain environmental protection function, but its price is generally high. The following is a comparison of several common wall materials:

Material name Price range advantage disadvantage? latex paint 200-1000 yuan per barrel. Affordable, simple in construction and easy to clean. There are relatively few color and pattern choices. wallpaper 50-500 yuan per roll. Rich patterns and diverse styles. It is easy to become warped and moldy after being damp. diatom ooze 100 per square meter-500 yuan. Environmental protection, can absorb harmful substances. High price, not resistant to dirt.

In the process of construction, there are also some cost-saving methods. If the smoothness of the wall is good, the process and material consumption of the wall base treatment can be reduced. For example, if the error of the wall surface is less than 5mm, it can be leveled directly with putty without using cement mortar for large-area leveling. In addition, buy materials by yourself, find a professional construction team to carry out the construction, and avoid letting the decoration company arrange the procurement of materials, so as to better control the cost of materials. At the same time, in the process of construction, we should supervise the construction quality to avoid rework and increase additional costs due to improper construction.

The design and planning of the wall should be determined according to the overall decoration style and budget. If the budget is limited, you can choose a simple design style to avoid too complicated modeling and decoration. For example, using a single color latex paint with simple decorative lines can not only create a simple and generous effect, but also save costs.

In the process of decoration, you can also pay attention to the promotional activities and group purchase information of materials. Many merchants will launch preferential activities on holidays or in a specific period, and buying materials at this time can save a lot of money. Participating in group buying activities can also buy better quality materials at a lower price.

The wall decoration planning of rough houses should comprehensively consider the wall condition, material selection, construction technology and design style, and save costs to the greatest extent through reasonable planning and methods on the premise of ensuring the decoration quality.

(Editor: He Xian)

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Aerospace Hongtu was investigated by 143 institutions: the company made corresponding layout according to the development direction of digital economy and market demand, with a wide range of business

Name of participating unit Category of participating units Name of participants Shangyin fund Fund company Lou Xinyu Zhonghai fund Fund company Chan Sing China Aviation Fund Fund company Chen zhoufei Jiutai fund Fund company Ying Nanshu Xincheng fund Fund company Zou Wei Industrial fund Fund company Johnston Xingquan fund Fund company Zhang Xiaodong Chuang Jin he Xin Fund company ChuMinChou, Li Han, Guo Zhenyue Huaxia fund Fund company Guo kunyan Bodo fund Fund company Gao Xiaoxiao Harvest fund Fund company Yang Huan, Wang Wei, Wang Gui, Xie Zelin, Chen Tao, Chen Liming Guhe fund Fund company Sun mingfang National fund Fund company Bian guangjie Wukong fund Fund company Huang ge Construction investment fund Fund company Zhao Jian Fangzheng fubang Fund company Gong Yongjian Jiangxin fund Fund company Wang Wei TEDA Manulife Fund company Zhang Yan Smart fund Fund company Jiang tongfa Hongta laterite Fund company Li xukai Golden Eagle Fund Fund company Hao Du Gaoyuan fund Fund company Arqie Wanlian securities securities company Wu Yuanheng Dongxing securities securities company Liu Meng Northeast securities securities company Wu yumeng Soochow securities securities company Yao Jiuhua and Qian Jiaxing Orient securities securities company Pu Junyi, Xie Chen, Chen Chao Citic jiantou securities company Wang Chunyang CITICS securities company Liu Wenshu, Song Shaoling, Chen Zhuo, Ma Qingliu Central china securities securities company Tangyue Zhongtai Securities securities company He Shouyu, Fang Chenglin Zhongjin company securities company Liu Zhongyu, Jing Liu, Liu Bin, Liu Yunchang, Zhuo Delin, Li Mengfei and Dong Junye. 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Progress of National Cultural Heritage Administration’s "Archaeological China" Major Project: The Latest Achievements of Yin Ruins Archaeology and Oracle Bone Inscriptions Research Released

  Today (November 10th) morning, National Cultural Heritage Administration held a press conference on the progress of the major project "Archaeological China" in Beijing, and reported the latest achievements and progress in the archaeology of Yin Ruins and the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

  I. Archaeological Discovery and Research of Yin Ruins

  Yin Ruins, located in Anyang City, Henan Province, are the ruins of the capital in the late Shang Dynasty. Since 1928, archaeologists in China have begun to carry out scientific archaeological excavations of Yin Ruins, which has opened the curtain of modern archaeology in China. Up to now, more than 90 years have passed, and important relics such as the palace area, residence area, tomb area, handicraft workshop area of Yin Ruins have been discovered one after another, as well as the neighboring Huanbei Mall, the capital of the middle Shang Dynasty, and a large number of precious cultural relics such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes, pottery and jade wares have been unearthed. The distribution and structural layout of Yin Ruins were basically cleared up, and the chronological system of Yin Ruins culture was established, which provided a basis for exploring the archaeological culture of the early Shang Dynasty and even the Xia Dynasty. The research on the capital system, tomb system, sacrifice system, handicraft production system, architecture, water conservancy, spiritual belief and other aspects of the Shang Dynasty continued to deepen, demonstrating the history of the Shang Dynasty recorded in the literature and systematically showing the social and cultural features and the development achievements of the Shang Dynasty civilization. In 2006, Yin Ruins was listed in the World Heritage List, and its outstanding universal value was generally recognized by the international community, which provided a strong support for enhancing national self-confidence.

  The archaeology of Yin Ruins has entered a new era and stage. Under the guidance of the concept of settlement archaeology, it has deepened the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary cooperative research and made new breakthroughs. A large number of relics of copper casting, bone making, pottery making, living and living, and well-distributed cemeteries were found in the workshop area of Huanbei handicraft industry, which revealed the layout mode of "residence and burial in one" integrating production, life and funeral, and vividly displayed the production picture of handicraft industry in Shang Dynasty. Large ponds, waterways and related architectural relics have been newly discovered in the ancestral temple area of Xiaotun Palace, covering an area of more than 60,000 square meters. The ponds are connected with Huan River through waterways, which has changed the previous understanding of the overall pattern of the ancestral temple area of Yinxu Palace. Based on the exploration and excavation around the tomb area of Yin Ruins, it is confirmed that the eastern part and the western part of the tomb area are surrounded by a trench with a width of more than 10 meters, and the tomb and a large number of sacrificial pits are located in the trench. The discovery of the trench breaks through the understanding of the layout of the tomb area of Yin Ruins and is a major progress in the study of the cemetery system in Shang Dynasty. The road system inside the Yin Ruins has been continuously revealed. Two north-south roads leading directly to the palace area were found about 1km south of the ancestral temple area of the Yin Ruins, and a large road with a width of 15m was excavated on the north bank of Huanhe River. There were clear rutting marks on the roads, and residential areas, tombs, handicraft workshops and so on were densely distributed on both sides of the roads. The framework system revealed by the roads provided important clues for further exploring the urban layout and ethnic distribution of the Yin Ruins. Under the guidance of new ideas and methods, the archaeological research of Yin Ruins will gradually restore a more comprehensive, real and vivid Shang civilization.

  Second, the new archaeological discoveries of settlements around Yin Ruins

  Henan Province and Anyang City have implemented the policy of "archaeology first, then transferring" and actively strengthened the archaeological and cultural relics protection work in urban capital construction, and achieved many important achievements in the archaeological work of capital construction around Yin Ruins, greatly expanding the breadth and depth of archaeological research in Yin Ruins.

  Xindian site, located about 10 kilometers north of Yinxu Palace, is a bronze casting site. Seven bronze casting workshops, more than 10 houses and nearly 100 tombs have been found in the late Shang Dynasty, and about 40,000 pieces of pottery models, pottery molds and a large number of tools for making models and casting copper have been unearthed. The unearthed bronzes bear the inscription "Ge", indicating that the site may be a bronze casting site managed by the "Ge" clan.

  Taojiaying site is located about 7.2km north of Yinxu Palace. It is a moat settlement in the middle of Shang Dynasty. Pottery production area, residence area and tomb area were found in the site, and rich bronzes, jade articles and pottery were unearthed in 25 tombs, which further enriched the social research content of settlements around Huanbei Mall in the middle of Shang Dynasty.

  Shaojiapeng site, located about 2.5km south of the palace area of Yin Ruins, is a settlement in the late Shang Dynasty. Three groups of multi-entry courtyards consisting of 18 houses and a graveyard consisting of a Chinese-shaped tomb, 23 small and medium-sized tombs and 4 chariots and horses pits were found in the site. Many bronzes with the inscription "Book" were unearthed in the tombs, indicating that Shaojiapeng site may be the "Book" of historians in the late Shang Dynasty.

  Third, Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s discovery and research

  Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the representative of the early mature Chinese character system, and it is also the demonstration of Yin Ruins as the capital of Shang Dynasty. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was unearthed in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. Up to now, about 150,000 pieces have been discovered, and more than 35,000 pieces have been scientifically excavated. The number of words has exceeded 4,000, covering all aspects of politics and life in Shang Dynasty, and it is the direct historical data for rebuilding the history of Yin and Shang Dynasties. There are three important discoveries of Oracle bones in Yin Ruins, namely, the largest number of intact pit YH127 in Xiaotun, the Oracle bones in the south of Xiaotun with a clear date, and the Oracle bones in the east of Garden Village in Yin Ruins with unique historical value. Oracle bones in Yin Ruins directly confirmed the existence of Shang Dynasty in ancient historical records, and Xiaotun in Anyang was Wang Ting of Yin Shang Dynasty, which advanced the upper limit of China’s trust history by more than 1000 years, opened the archaeological and historical research course of Yin Ruins for more than 90 years, and promoted the innovation and development of China’s traditional philology.

  More than 120 years’ research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions has yielded fruitful results in Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s data collation, chronology by stages, textual research, business history research, compilation and publication of reference books, and personnel training. Based on the profound academic accumulation of more than a hundred years, the study of Oracle bones in the new era pays more attention to the combination with archaeological theories and methods and multi-disciplines, and has made important achievements in promoting the study of ideological history, astronomical calendar and historical geography, and solved the problem of digital divination, which is of breakthrough significance and value to the study of China’s traditional philosophy and ideological history. By reading the data of solar and lunar eclipses recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and combining with astronomical deduction, the solar eclipse occurred on October 31, 1161 BC, which proved that Yin people had mastered the eclipse cycle, which was of great significance to the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions dating and even the movement of the earth and the sun. Combined with Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s Oracle inscriptions and the inscriptions unearthed from the Shi family cemetery in Shangzhou, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, the landscape of Xue Guo in Shang Dynasty was determined, which provided a new fulcrum for the study of historical geography in Shang Dynasty. The study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions has developed into an international academic topic, with scholars participating in the study all over the world and numerous works, which have played an important role in promoting the spread of Chinese culture and promoting the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations.

  (CCTV reporter Tian Yunhua Ren Meimei Zhang Leilei Guo Min)

How to ensure safety and avoid disputes in house decoration? The judge has something to say.

  □ Rule of Law Daily reporter Xu Weilun

  □ rule of law daily correspondent Gao Rong

  A few days after the renovation of the new house, the neighbors came to the door and said that "the walls were cracked with excessive force." The owner of the new house also feels aggrieved, thinking that he has not carried out illegal construction, and the wall cracking of the neighbor’s house has nothing to do with himself. In this way, good neighbors went to court. After investigation by the judge, it is considered that the direction of the wall crack should be caused by the external force on the opposite side. Based on this, the People’s Court of Xicheng District of Beijing ordered the new house owner to compensate the neighbors for the related losses of 2500 yuan.

  "Before starting work, it is necessary to inform the property company or the owners’ meeting. This is a clear provision of China’s civil code, and many people in life don’t know about it." After the court, the judge said that if you inform in advance, you can also learn the precautions about decoration safety from the property company to avoid accidents in the later period. In addition, the owner should also choose a decoration company with professional qualifications in exchange for high-quality decoration with good quality and quantity through detailed contract.

  Cracking of neighbor’s wall caused by electric circuit gouging

  Liu, who just bought a new house, was very excited and arranged for the other party to enter the construction site after signing a contract with the decoration company. Unexpectedly, just a few days after the renovation, neighbor Wang came to the door and asked Liu to compensate for the loss. "The wall of our house was broken by the decoration workers of your house."

  In this regard, Liu does not recognize it. He believes that the wall cracking of Wang’s home is not caused by the decoration of his own home. Due to the unsuccessful negotiation on compensation matters, Wang appealed to the court and asked Liu to pay nearly 10,000 yuan for wall redecoration compensation, lost time and mental damages, and apologized in writing.

  During the trial, Wang said that after the accident, she invited the property personnel to visit the damaged wall at home. The property personnel also believed that the wall damage was caused by improper decoration of Liu’s home. "Obviously, he refused to pay compensation."

  "Refusing to pay compensation is because Wang won’t even let me in, just let me look at the photos. I really can’t see the reason for the wall damage from the photos. I can’t pay for it." Liu argued that during the renovation, only the circuit slot was made on the wall in his house, and no penetrating construction was carried out, which could not cause the wall of Wang’s house to be damaged.

  What is the truth? The judge conducted an on-site inspection and found that there was a damaged crack on one side of Wang’s house. It was inferred from the direction of the wall crack that it should be caused by the external force on the opposite side. In this regard, the court held that if the infringement of property rights causes damage to the obligee, the obligee may claim damages according to law, or may claim other civil liabilities according to law. In this case, according to the situation that Liu is renovating the house, the damage of the common wall, the direction of the wall crack, and the statement in the communication process between Liu and Wang, it can be inferred that the damage of Wang’s house wall is caused by the decoration workers hired by Liu during the construction. Accordingly, the court ordered Liu to pay Wang’s wall maintenance costs and lost time expenses totaling 2,500 yuan.

  Illegal decoration causes serious damage, resulting in fear of criminal responsibility.

  "It is true that most of the renovations are carried out in their own houses, but this does not mean that they can do whatever they want." Liu Changlong, the presiding judge of this case, said that according to the provisions of the Civil Code, the owner has the right to possess, use, benefit and dispose of the exclusive part of his building; The owner’s exercise of rights shall not endanger the safety of the building or damage the legitimate rights and interests of other owners.

  Liu Changlong said that although the owner’s decoration and decoration of the house is the transformation of its exclusive part and the exercise of exclusive rights, because the exclusive part of the owner is closely connected or adjacent to the exclusive parts of other owners and the common parts of all owners, if the exclusive rights exercised in his own house infringe on the exclusive rights of other owners or the interests of all owners, he should also bear the corresponding liability for compensation.

  Recently, the incident of "load-bearing wall being smashed" has aroused social concern, which is caused by individual owners to meet their own decoration needs. However, they do not know that privately demolishing the load-bearing wall to expand the space of the house or change the layout of the house will lead to cracking or even collapse of the whole building, which will cause serious damage to the building structure. At present, the public security organs have taken criminal compulsory measures against those responsible for the incident, and severely punished the house owners and property companies involved.

  The judge suggested that in addition to the criminal responsibility of the relevant responsible person, the owners and decoration companies involved in the case may face huge compensation. Therefore, when decorating a house, you can’t do whatever you want. If the damage is caused by illegal decoration, you need to bear civil liability, and even criminal liability if the damage is serious.

  In addition, according to the law, the exterior wall of the building in the residential area is not an exclusive part, but is owned by all the owners of the community. Therefore, a single resident does not own the exterior wall closely connected with its exclusive part, but has the right to use it reasonably according to law, which is a reasonable extension of the owner’s exclusive right. "There are two standards for rational use, one is not for profit, and the other is not to harm the common interests of other owners in the community."

  Inform the property and obtain safety information before starting work.

  In fact, decoration is unfamiliar to many people, and the safety issues involved are even more "unclear". "It is very important to find a decoration company with professional qualifications. Professional engineers will ensure safety from the beginning of design to avoid safety accidents in the later period." Liu Changlong said that when choosing a decoration company, the owner should pay attention to checking the other party’s business license and relevant certificates, sign a standardized written contract, and follow up the construction progress in time and make phased acceptance during the construction period.

  For the decoration scheme, the judge reminded that we should not only pursue beautiful form and reasonable layout, but also pay attention to the structural safety of the house. The Measures for the Administration of Residential Interior Decoration stipulates that it is forbidden to change the main body and load-bearing structure of the building without the original design unit or the design unit with corresponding qualification grade; It is forbidden to expand the size of the original doors and windows on the load-bearing wall and dismantle the brick and concrete walls connecting the balcony; It is forbidden to dismantle and change heating, gas pipelines and facilities that affect the building structure and use safety.

  So, what are the load-bearing walls? Where are the original buried positions of gas pipelines and circuits? "This needs to get in touch with the property company and get their help, especially when the second-hand house is renovated, it is necessary to ask the property for the change plan of the previous owners’ renovation. In fact, this is also a clear requirement of the Civil Code. " Liu Changlong said that both the Civil Code and the Administrative Measures for Interior Decoration of Residential Buildings stipulate that the owner should inform the property service provider in advance when decorating the house. At the same time, the property service provider should inform the owner of the prohibited behavior and precautions of decoration, and the owner and decoration personnel should abide by the reasonable precautions prompted by the property service provider and cooperate with them to conduct necessary on-site inspections.

  In addition, the property company should perform its supervisory duties in accordance with the law during the owner’s decoration process, and should stop the illegal decoration in time if it is found. If it cannot be stopped, it can report to the corresponding administrative department; If the property management company fails to fulfill its obligation of prompting or perform its supervisory duties, it should also be liable for the losses caused by the owner’s illegal decoration.

  After construction, we should also raise awareness of civilized decoration, including reasonable arrangement of construction time, noise reduction and pollution reduction. Liu Changlong said that China’s civil code stipulates that the neighboring rights holders of real estate should correctly handle the neighboring relationship in accordance with the principles of favorable production, convenient life, solidarity and mutual assistance, fairness and reasonableness, which requires the owners to fully consider the convenience and good neighborliness of the neighboring rights holders when decorating. Specifically, during the renovation, the owner shall not occupy public space or damage public parts and facilities. At the same time, he shall pay attention to waterproofing to avoid water leakage from affecting the downstairs residents. Various forms of garbage generated by construction shall be piled up and removed according to the specified location, manner and time. When the rights and interests of others are damaged due to renovation, the owner shall take the initiative to communicate with neighbors, timely repair and actively compensate, resolve conflicts through friendly negotiation, and live in harmony with neighbors.

Baby takes care of the baby? How "wild" is the "hardcore" of the new generation of mothers?

  Nowadays, more and more new generation mothers have joined the ranks of the army with babies, and many of them are post-90 s who call themselves "babies". Once a mother, the world is very different. Compared with the previous generation of mothers, they have more self-awareness. "I am not just a mother, I am still myself." "Hard core with baby", "lying parents" and "learning mother" … … They can hold the baby with one hand and be financially independent; They are tolerant of diversity, but also face a direct collision with traditional educational concepts. Mother’s Day is coming, let’s take a look at their daily routine of taking care of the baby with strange style!

  Well, this baby takes good care of the baby.

  Good news

  I am still an intern in my senior year. Fruit candy has been put on a wedding dress and quickly pregnant with a baby. My birth certificate is ahead of my graduation certificate. Having children is not playing house, so why worry?

  Fruit candy said, "Catchwords, ‘ Young people have children, grandparents and grandparents take turns to raise them, and mom and dad are only responsible for appreciation. ’” I dare to turn my stomach into a "rental house". It’s time to blow away the "tenants", take them to the elderly and wave their hands. After 90, you are so handsome that your mother can be carefree.

  But if a woman really wants to have a baby, then talking and doing things is like a scale without stars, where there is no aim. As soon as the sweat came out of the delivery room, the fruit candy changed, and the son brought it himself. I also made a popular analogy: "I earned 10,000 yuan in internship and bought a dress. Are you willing to give it to others?" Seconds understand.

  Fruit candy brings a son, which is principled and has to be raised according to the ideal boyfriend. First of all, you can’t be fat. The meat on her husband’s stomach seems to be flowing down from his belt. She only took a fancy to his high IQ, but his son’s body shape must not follow his father’s.

  Do four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, people see whether the child is well developed, and the fruit candy wants to see whether it is fat or not. The doctor keeps staring at her. Do you want the child to be a supermodel? She said, well, it must be my ideal boyfriend, long legs, no fat, well proportioned (God knows how she decided to have a son). Other people’s weight is taken from adulthood, and she takes it from the womb. During pregnancy, she will never let the child exceed eight pounds, and the giant child will have health risks in the future. She felt just right when her son fell to the ground.

  Bring your own baby, eat milk powder to save trouble, and splash half a bottle, which is more time than sucking milk in one mouthful. But just out of the month, the fruit candy found that his son had eczema on his face. After crying, his face was like Fuji apple, with red cracks. The doctor checked it out and said it was allergic to milk powder, preferably breast milk. Fruit candy really has perseverance, and the milk that has been suppressed from eating raw malt and vitamins is urged back with chicken soup.

  Fruit candy is a trick to feed her son. She never lets her son eat it to the top of her throat. She almost stops, tugs at her ears, holds her face upright and burps on her shoulders. Done. "If children want to be safe, they have to be hungry and cold", which sounds like the experience of parenting in the 1960s and 1970s. She said that this is called making the past serve the present.

  Fruit candy has the same frequency as his son, "three turns, six sits and eight climbs", and the fruit candy also goes to which section when his son arrives. After the epidemic, I watched the fruit candy walk the baby, twisted the car and she sat, and her son held the rope and pulled her, euphemistically saying, "It takes effort to digest it"; Fruit candy will "cheat" her son. When the child wants to hug, she will pretend to be abducted, jump on one leg, say that her legs are numb and pretend to be pitiful. Her son will help her carry things heroically. Give me a hug. What’s wrong? She has a special reason to go out and dress in a formal and tangible way, and ruin her clothes. Moreover, the fruit candy has never forgotten its own image. Holding a son for a long time requires strength, and it is bound to make the arms and legs fat and the meat is like a mountain. Women should not be too strong. Well, kill two birds with one stone, and you can see that her son is as long as a sapling, with a dry and tight leather bag. It is no exaggeration to say that the little guy is "standing like a pine, sitting like a clock, walking like the wind and lying like a bow".

  Fruit candy’s son is Mai Ba, who sings to the end. Usually, at this time, adults and children are surrounded by food and drink, and fruit candy’s son is singing. Fruit candy’s tutor: "Singing more and eating less, eating more is not good." She is hardly her own mother, and her own mother is afraid that the child will eat less. Some children are chasing after them, but the fruit candy family is definitely not like this. As soon as the meal is over, they copy the guy, and there is not even slop left in the kitchen, so it is easy to eat.

  Fruit candy has been a mother for six years, and her figure is not out of shape. She holds up the face of the parent-teacher conference for her son, and his son also holds up the face of her ideal boyfriend. My son loves to listen to cross talk, dabbles in many cultural and sports projects, smiles, is sensible and lively. Most importantly, he is still a small repairman. The study of fruit candy is his workshop, and both adults and children have tools. My son helped me save a bookcase online. As a man, you must be able to get started with water, electricity and warmth. Moreover, Fruit Candy firmly believes that his son can’t rely on mathematics and physics in the future. After all, practice makes true knowledge!

  In our class, only Fruit Candy became a "married family and lifelong family". Without a stable job, she was afraid of hurting her self-esteem, but she said, "This baby takes good care of her baby, and this baby is great." Encourage her to wait for her son to go to school and "step from the beginning". Her head is high: "I take care of the baby full-time, which is the most advanced job." How can you be confident? It turned out that this guy secretly published two parenting books, served as a psychological counseling teacher in several kindergartens, and also made a live broadcast of parenting, earning a lot of money.

  Last Mother’s Day, the ring with dew, which was woven by my son with grass and dried with fruit candy, sparkled in the sun. On Mother’s Day this year, my son posted a self-portrait on the corner of the house. Remarks: If mosquitoes are there, please bite me, not my mother. Fruit candy is most afraid of summer. Even a mosquito will bite her in a group of people. This sticker makes the fruit candy with "iron eyes" after 90 years tearful. She feels that she has successfully cultivated her son into an ideal boyfriend who understands love and can express it.

  I teased the fruit candy: "You train your son to look like an ideal boyfriend. One day, you will be abducted by a girl and you will cry." Fruit candy is very proud: "It’s better than a son’s slag. It’s much happier for girls to return it." This post-90 s wet nurse is the most honest and quality-oriented manufacturer.

  After 90, Mommy became famous.

  Zhu Lijuan.

  A small article was published in China Electric Power News and can’t wait to show off in the circle of friends. The orange that has been hidden in my circle of friends for a long time praised me, and then @ me: Zhu Jie Zhu Jie, my cost engineer passed the exam, haha, I just finished reading your article to report this to you.

  Orange is a former colleague of mine, and one of them was properly made after 1990s. Zhang Kou’s sister Zhu kept her mouth shut, and after many attempts to rectify the situation, she left it alone. I never thought about hitting it right, and we became friends for the past year.

  When I was 49 years old, I had a whim in the spring and decided to prepare for the Second Construction Project (National Second-Class Architect). Oranges joined in when they learned about it. At that time, the orange was pregnant for three months. I said don’t join in the fun. The exam will start in May, and your due date in July is out of time. She said I wasn’t due in May, so why didn’t it match? I wear headphones to listen to the topic outdoors+walk outdoors, killing two birds with one stone, no, it’s three. Listening to prenatal education may make my son a bully in the future.

  Time for preparing for the exam is limited, so I will lock my lunch in the unit canteen. During the orange pregnancy, my mother-in-law opened a small stove at home, but she gave her mother-in-law a three-month long vacation to make progress with us. I said that she was too selfish. She said that boys can’t be pampered, and they can eat in the canteen before they can travel around in the future. As soon as the orange was confirmed to be pregnant, she decided to have a dragon child. I asked her if she had done illegal sex identification. She said, I can’t disdain to do illegal things. My mother and son are United. After he got into bed, he gave me a dream synchronously.

  Exam on May 20th and 21st. Oranges are fat, and the pregnant belly is more spectacular than the pregnant woman who is about to give birth. We advised her to give up the exam, but her husband refused to send her to the examination room and confiscated the spare car keys. Oranges spit, saying that this prospective father has a low IQ, so his wife can squeeze into the driver’s seat? God bless, don’t follow his father’s IQ. After that, make an appointment for rent at a high price and pick up and drop off for the exam on time.

  Law and project management are both objective questions. Orange’s right hand is responsible for circling, leaving his left hand to appease the children and handing in the papers one hour in advance. There are four subjective questions in professional practice, which must be answered by bending over. Before the exam was halfway through, her son kicked her hard. After all, she was short of breath and left two subjective questions to hand in the paper in advance. When the test results came out, the high scores of law and project management passed, and the professional practice was deducted 40 points because of two subjective questions, and the total score stopped outside the qualified line by five points. The results were announced at the end of August. At this time, her son was full moon. She grabbed her son’s chubby finger to check the results, saying that it was because you were dishonest that your mother failed. I’ll keep this account for you. According to her description, her son was giggling. After hearing what she said, he immediately turned to his father for comfort.

  Second Construction took the exam in May, and First Construction (a national first-class builder) took the exam in September. Many candidates entered the exam together. This time, the orange laid an ambush, and I didn’t know the truth until the exam was opened. She drove herself and took the nanny and son to the provincial capital to catch the exam. The practice exam for the major of Yijian was four hours long. Her milk rose in the middle and she was in a cold sweat with pain. Accompanied by the invigilator, she went to the bathroom to milk for five minutes. In the meantime, the invigilator suspected fraud and knocked on the door three times to give a warning. The results of the first construction were announced, and the professional practice was 28 points higher than the qualified line.

  Oranges also like drying their sons as young mothers do. Her son was born at 7 kg, and the first cry was louder than all the babies born on the same day. Later, twists and turns, only the head is long and the flesh is not long. A colleague’s daughter, Da Juzi’s son, has been in the general office for three months. They set young marriage and appeared in the circle of friends from time to time. We feel that something is wrong. The son of Orange is getting thinner and thinner, but the "daughter-in-law" is crazy long, tall and strong, and crushes her son casually. We joked that we would be henpecked in the future. Orange laughed and said, "My son is going to be a great scholar in the future, so he is naturally thin and healthy, and his daughter-in-law is just able to do all the housework. It’s a perfect match!"! I’d like to add: It’s nice to call an orange son. The surname does not follow the father or the mother, and the last word "true" of the son’s father’s name is taken as the continuation of life.

  Mr. Lu Xun said: time is like water in a sponge, and it will always be squeezed. Oranges "crowded" into fame, and during pregnancy and lactation, they captured the next construction. Last year, they went to the next city across majors, and registered cost engineers were handy. My son was really smart and extraordinary. Oranges’ life was crowded into fame and hard-core sunshine. Mother’s Day is coming. I can imagine that a few years later, the doctor’s son and capable daughter-in-law will be surrounded by oranges and reminisce about the past. I just don’t know if the daughter-in-law has changed hands. I hope everything will be fine. It’s good.

  How is the "Houlang" mother tempered?

  ◎ Dust and smoke rise.

  Years ago, my niece Taozi was happy to have a baby.

  Three days later, Taozi sent a photo of her baby in the family group, and at the same time @ Everyone: "Dear grandfathers, grandfathers and aunts, I will pay my respects to everyone on the 16th!" What? Sixteen? Is this the child’s name? I don’t know why, my mind suddenly popped up with a nine-catty old woman written by Mr. Lu Xun. Faced with everyone’s curiosity, Taozi explained that the day when the child was born was the 16th day of the lunar calendar, so it was meaningful to have this nickname. Well, this brain circuit of the post-90 s generation is strange.

  Taozi’s family has a good economic condition. Before giving birth, she hired a new moon, 24 hours a day, and directly hired it for two months. In this way, Peach’s second month is super leisurely. She sleeps with the new moon on the 16th night, and her mother-in-law and mother-in-law bless her together during the day. She only needs to do nursing work, so I often tease her that she is a cow. In addition to being a good cow with good milk, Peach’s biggest hobby is to bask in the clouds. Every expression and posture of Xiao Sixteen is photographed by his mother and basked in the group. All right, we can’t go to her house because of the current epidemic, and it’s not bad to watch the baby in the cloud.

  It is said that one day, peaches sent more than a dozen expression packs in the WeChat group. I looked intently, and the owners of the expression packs were all sixteen, with corresponding words beside them. The sleepy one is accompanied by the words "I am so sleepy"; Sixteen, frowning, was actually photographed with a banana, next to which was the word "feel banana green"; The most ridiculous thing is a moving picture of sixteen mouths crying and waving chubby arms, which has something to do with "Leave me alone, I’m bored!" It is a perfect match!

  Sixteen-year-old’s great-aunt, that is, Peach’s aunt, asked in confusion, "Peach, why don’t I think you are like a mother?" Yes, yes, I also think she has a great momentum of using children as toys, and quickly shook hands with his great-aunt from a distance. In the face of our doubts, Taozi threw out a smug expression pack: "I am his mother, but this does not prevent me from playing with him, haha!" Then, Peach added: "Aunt, aunt, I don’t want to be a good wife and mother like you. I want to be a hot mom with a hot body and a hot educational concept." Did you hear that? This is the generation gap, which is deeper than the Mariana Trench. Well, we really can’t ask young people to raise their children in the same way as we do. When we were young, we didn’t look down on our parents’ old ideas!

  However, this hot mom is not so easy to be. A few days ago, I didn’t know why I had a stomachache, and I had diarrhea several times a day. I went to the hospital for a stool test, and the results showed that everything was normal, but the child just didn’t get better. My eyes were not as round as before, and my spirit was a little weak. My grandmother was in a hurry, and this hot mom was not calm. Different from their strong demand for changing hospitals, Peach simply threw a sentence: "I search online." Then she devoted herself to "playing" with her mobile phone and turned a deaf ear to the big white eyes thrown by her mother (that is, my sister). After a while, she said to her mother, "Maybe there is something wrong with my usual milk soup. Stop for a few days." My elder sister told her angrily, "Can things searched online be reliable? That soup is recommended by people’s five-star moon! " Peach ignored her mother and stopped the milk soup. I never thought that after stopping for three days, the child’s illness was really good.

  At this time, Taozi explained that she was not searching indiscriminately that day, but went to a parenting APP, which not only had a treasure mom forum, but also hired a senior pediatrician as a parenting expert. After she threw a question in the forum, an expert who was a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine asked her about the food she ate carefully, saying that there was cold food in the milk soup she drank. Being a mother was fine, but it might cause the baby to have a stomachache. I see! Afterwards, my sister secretly told me that it seems that the concept of our generation is really backward.

  A few days ago, actor He Bing said this in the youth manifesto "After the Wave": "A younger body can accommodate more cultures, aesthetics and values." Yes, in the rushing river of the times, we are already the "front waves", and only wish the "back waves" mothers to become confident and brave hot moms and live as they like.

  I’m better than Wudaokou programmer in the field of lullaby.

  Be noble and clean

  Character introduction:

  Bao Ma — — Characteristics of teachers in a university: new to rivers and lakes

  Bao Da — — Characteristics of police officers in a prison: flickering

  Baby — — Characteristics of a human cub: unfathomable

  Where did dad go?

  Love you and love you in 2020, which should have been a romantic year, has added a generous and tragic feeling because of a sudden epidemic. On the second day of the Lunar New Year, when the baby was four months old, Bao Dad immediately packed his bags and entered the prison for closed duty, because he didn’t know how far the epidemic would develop, and he didn’t know when it would be lifted. When he left, Bao Dad’s feet couldn’t leave the house, and he looked at the baby and kissed it again. I couldn’t help crying at that time, and I was really distressed. The baby cried, too. I should have been annoyed by my parents.

  Bao Dad’s unit is not allowed to bring a mobile phone to work. This time, due to humanistic care, considering the uncertainty of time, it is allowed to bring it in, so the era of cloud parent-child under the epidemic is opened.

  Although there is a mobile phone, there is shielding inside the big wall, and the signal needs to be found. In the words of Bao Dad, it is right in time and place. New mothers understand that mobile phones with a milk doll are usually silent, and it depends on fate to answer the phone. If I didn’t receive the call from my father, it must have failed his rare rest time and the signal he received by holding his mobile phone in some strange posture, and there was a picture feeling that aliens sent a message to their home planet for help.

  When the baby was almost six months old, Bao Dad took a two-week break. I thought she would be shy with strangers, and Bao’s dad was ready for a slow fever. Unexpectedly, as soon as Bao Da entered the door, they looked at each other affectionately for half a minute, and they could immediately play happily. I told boudoir that there was no use for paternity test. I told you clearly about the gene. Boudoir said that her daughter’s father, who had not seen her for half a year, could be picked up and her uncle, who often met her, ignored it.

  Novice to novice

  It’s my first time to be a mother. Coincidentally, the baby seems to be the first time, so we staged scenes of novice-to-novice.

  Take sleeping, for example. Many advertisements for bedding say that you will have a baby’s sleep, and the person who came up with this copy must have no children. My baby’s sleep is like this. During the day, he sleeps broken, and more than half an hour counts as a whole sleep. We sleep by minutes. It’s useless to start crying as soon as it gets dark, nursing, hugging by plane, burping and swaddling, and squatting can only be temporarily relieved. Squat, a quick-acting means of 5S crying-stopping method, squats and stands up with the child in her arms, repeatedly until the leg cramps. Finally, I learned a way to solve the problem of falling asleep at night, that is — — A sense of ceremony. Hard work pays off, and after a period of repetition, it really produced results. Now every night before going to bed ceremony: close the curtain, turn off the light and turn on the night light, stroll around and play "Love Story of Yilan" at the same time, yes, that’s the one sung by Jia Ling. Gradually reduce the volume of the song when she slowly calms down. Thanks to the AI speaker, I can operate these at the same time, and then gently put down the tap when I am asleep, mumbling and taking the opportunity to turn off the music. In case I wake up, follow the above process again. The key to this set of programs is to seize the opportunity on the basis of no mistakes in order. Every step of the transformation should observe the reaction of the baby. I feel that I am better than the programmer in Wudaokou.

  Bao Ma is timid.

  I fell into the memory of the needle after the first injection of Wulian. The needle was so thick and long, and it felt much longer than the radius of the baby’s thigh. If this needle goes down, it will stab the bone. I gestured to her father in the video, and dad said how the gesticulation got bigger and bigger. This is not a needle, but you are a dragon crescent moon blade. I began to regret that I didn’t ask how long the needle was and where it would stick to my thigh. I repeatedly pinched my daughter’s thigh thickness and made sure it was shorter than the needle. It doesn’t matter, I can Baidu, only to find that no one on Baidu has asked this question. I actually thought of a question that Baidu has no relevant content, which is very innovative. When the search answer failed, I was looking forward to the arrival of the second needle. I pretended to ask casually, but I just didn’t know if my daughter’s leg was broken or not, and whether she could make it to the second needle. After all, the second needle came. I was about to ask, but I found that the needle was just such a tiny one.

  A little person, from just eating, sleeping, closing his eyes and crying, to being spoiled and naughty with emotions, and from not being able to hold his own head and not being able to hold you on the climbing mat, I can’t imagine what you will look like in the future, but because of you, the future will become more predictable.

Decode the "end-to-end" concept that everyone is talking about, and easily play with the new trend of automotive technology.

Since the launch of the end-to-end intelligent driving system "FSD V12 beta" in the United States in August 2023, end-to-end has become the hottest topic in the automobile industry. With the follow-up of Huawei, Tucki, Weilai, Ideality and other enterprises, almost every domestic manufacturer will spend a lot of space in the press conference to publicize how powerful their end-to-end is. Regardless of marketing methods, what does "end-to-end" mean? What does it mean for intelligent driving? Today we will explain this question to you!

Before the end-to-end intelligent driving system was mass-produced, every intelligent driving system adopted a modular scheme. Simply put, modular intelligent driving is an assembly line, which mainly includes four processes: perception, prediction, planning and control. First of all, the task of the sensing part is to process the data of sensors such as radar and camera of the vehicle, and then analyze the specific position and road trajectory of the objects around the vehicle, and distinguish whether they are pedestrians, bicycles, cars or trucks.

Then, the perception module will transmit the above information to the prediction module, and the prediction module will analyze the next movement state of the surrounding traffic participants according to the above information, such as whether the surrounding vehicles will turn, go straight or stop next. After further analysis, the prediction module will provide one or more driving paths and vehicle speeds that the vehicle can refer to next.

Then the prediction module sends the road driving scheme of the vehicle to the planning module, and the planning module will decide what the vehicle should do next according to the information such as the vehicle’s own state and navigation. After the planning module confirms the driving path and speed, it will transmit the command to the control module, and then the control module will calculate and operate the steering wheel, brake and throttle of the vehicle. A seemingly simple intelligent driving function is realized through the above steps.

From the above introduction, it is not difficult to see that modular intelligent driving decomposes simple driving behavior into multiple steps, and the logic of each step is in perfect harmony. In the eyes of car companies and suppliers, modular intelligent driving itself is a very good solution, because different teams can be responsible for the corresponding modules and give full play to the advantages of division of labor and cooperation, thus rapidly changing intelligent driving from concept to mass production.

Secondly, modular intelligent driving has a set of system framework with clear functions and responsibilities, so when the intelligent driving system finds bugs in use, car companies and suppliers can immediately find the specific reasons for the bugs and quickly fix them through OTA. For example, if the vehicle brakes wrongly when driving at high speed, then through data analysis, the vehicle enterprise can know whether the fault is due to the wrong data of the sensing module or the wrong judgment given by the forecasting and planning module.

Although modular intelligent driving is convenient for mass production and BUG repair, it needs to learn a lot of traffic rules and driving experience if it wants to control vehicles like people, and all this depends on engineers to define the rules in advance, that is, to turn traffic rules and driving experience into lines of software code. But can engineers write code to cover all the driving scenes in reality? Of course it’s impossible! On this issue, there is a classic case in the industry. If you drive a vehicle on a narrow road full of cars on both sides, a balloon suddenly floats on one side of the road, then the general logic will think that there may be children jumping out on one side of the road, so the vehicle should brake immediately. However, the same scene is placed on the high speed. If the intelligent driving system still controls the vehicle by braking immediately, it is likely to turn into a rear-end collision. In other words, if engineers don’t define the rules in advance for this kind of driving scene, such as the system doesn’t brake after the balloon is detected at high speed, then the intelligent driving system will have safety risks when it encounters similar scenes.

According to Xpeng Motors, a relatively stable mass production intelligent driving system has about 100,000 rules. And if the intelligent driving system is to be close to the same level as people, it needs to manually write about 1 billion rules. For software engineering development, this is almost impossible. Because of this, we can see that the traditional intelligent driving system will make more or less mistakes in daily use, so that drivers have to intervene.

For the above reasons, car companies that focus on autonomous driving have been trying to solve the problem that traditional intelligent driving needs preset rules, so there is an end-to-end approach. The so-called end-to-end, in fact, is to make all the traditional sub-modules of perception-prediction-planning-control neural network, that is, to replace the traditional algorithms and manually written rules with advanced algorithm models.

Therefore, the end-to-end workflow is quite different from the traditional modular workflow. The traditional modular work sequence is perception-prediction-planning-control in turn, while the end-to-end sequence is sensor data (radar, camera)-neural network-driving parameters (steering wheel, throttle, brake), that is to say, the traditional perception, prediction, planning and control modules are all completed by neural network.

As can be seen from the workflow, the core technology in end-to-end is neural network, and the technology most closely related to neural network is AI. In the past two years, AI has shown great performance in the fields of voice, text, pictures and video, and everyone should have realized it. When the neural network is applied to the car, it means that people can constantly train the intelligent driving system, so that it can learn to adapt to more complex driving environment.

Therefore, at the functional level, the biggest change from end to end is that the system has the ability of autonomous learning, which is a function that traditional modular intelligent driving does not have.In this way, when dealing with all kinds of unexpected real driving scenes, end-to-end can calculate the appropriate rules through neural network, without having to manually write the rules in advance, which also provides a solution for intelligent driving to deal with endless driving scenes in reality.For example, the Tesla FSD V11 version, which didn’t have end-to-end function before, has written more than 300,000 lines of code, while the end-to-end FSD V12 version has directly reduced more than 300,000 lines of code to 2,000 lines, but the performance of FSD V12 is closer to human drivers than V11.

fromIn theory, end-to-end is indeed a very ideal technology, but in practice, end-to-end is not so reliable. This is because people’s understanding of neural networks is still not clear enough at this stage, so people also call neural networks "black boxes". As shown in the above figure, in the white box state, we are very aware of the logical causal relationship between system input/output, but when the input information passes through the black box, people can’t explain why the input information becomes the output information.

For example, when there is an obvious logical error in the intelligent driving system, the vehicle manufacturer can quickly find out which module the problem is, and then manually write a new rule. But in the end-to-end system, car companies do not know which parameter or structure in the complex neural network has problems.

For this reason, the end-to-end intelligent driving system based on neural network can sometimes give reasonable rules in very complicated scenes, but sometimes it will make very low-level mistakes, such as not being able to distinguish traffic lights, so some people describe it as "the upper limit is very high and the lower limit is very low". Considering that there are some risks in the end-to-end application, the end-to-end intelligent driving system introduced by Huawei and Tucki does not rely entirely on autonomous learning, and their end-to-end systems still have many manually written rules to cover the intelligent driving system.

From the perspective of technology development trend, end-to-end is definitely the direction of high-level intelligent driving in the future. However, because people’s understanding of neural networks is not thorough enough, the end-to-end performance of various companies at this stage still has a certain gap with the ideal level. In addition, compared with the existing modular intelligent driving system, whether the end-to-end neural network algorithm model is smart or not depends heavily on massive real data for training. Only after massive data training, the neural network can be transformed from a small model to a usable large model, which means that high-order intelligent driving requires huge computing power and data input in the development stage, thus invisibly raising the threshold of intelligent driving. Because of this, some car owners will feedback that their cars are not as good as they used to be after upgrading to end-to-end intelligent driving. This is the painful period of big model training. Considering that there are great differences in end-to-end training among different brands in reality, this means that the performance gap of different brands of intelligent driving systems may be gradually widened in the future.