标签： 上海千花贵族宝贝

On April 7th, Japan issued the "Declaration of Emergency", and the emergency measures covered Tokyo, Osaka Prefecture, saitama, Chiba Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Hyogo Prefecture and Fukuoka Prefecture. From April 7th, the state of emergency will last for one month to May 6th. This move may "add insult to injury" to the Japanese entertainment industry that was originally affected by the epidemic.

As early as March, Japan’s entertainment industry had been clouded by the epidemic. A number of Japanese dramas have been postponed or stopped, including Naoki Banzawa 2, BG ~ The Guard around 2, Cinderella’s Pharmacist and other spring hits. Most variety shows are suspended, the advertising revenue of TV stations is hit hard, and the cast members are facing unemployment crisis. With the death of Japanese artist Ken Shimura due to COVID-19, many artists were diagnosed one after another, and the actors were also worried. Kimura Takuya and Sakai Masato bought masks and other epidemic prevention supplies from their own pockets.

Naoki Banzawa 2

Cinderella’s Pharmacist

But the Japanese entertainment industry is also seeking self-help in anxiety. Many TV stations began to evaluate the possibility of replacing new dramas with "replaying old dramas" according to the appeal of netizens; Variety shows try to ensure subsequent broadcast through "remote recording". The major TV series studios are still busy, trying to catch up with the progress on the basis of reducing the risk of infection by reducing intimate contact with dramas and strengthening epidemic prevention.

It’s cool and hot around the world, and the spring of Japanese entertainment industry in 2020 seems to come later, just like other regions.

-Japanese drama-

The spring show was supposed to be a "fairy fight", but now many popular dramas have been postponed.

In the spring of 2020, the Japanese drama was once known as the "golden schedule". Since the Tokyo Olympic Games was originally planned to be held from the end of July to the beginning of August, many TV stations have rescheduled their works for nearly half a year in advance to avoid the heat of summer stalls being diverted, including Naoki Banzawa 2, BG~ Guard 2 (starring Kimura Takuya), Cinderella Pharmacist (starring Satomi Ishihara) and Lawyer in Gold 2 (starring Y?ji Oda).

Key dramas that have been stopped or postponed:

Shooting while broadcasting leads to "no inventory", avoiding kissing scenes to reduce the risk of infection.

Among the extended Japanese dramas, Naoki Banzawa 2, a sequel released after seven years, has attracted the most attention. "Due to the spread of the novel coronavirus epidemic, it has affected the shooting schedule of the show. It is a pity that we can only postpone the opening date." For this hot work whose ratings are expected to reach 30%, TBS’s choice to postpone the broadcast is indeed forced to guarantee the inventory.

# Japanese drama features #

It is reported that Japanese dramas are the same as American dramas, and they are broadcast while shooting in the production mode. Not only can the screenwriter modify the follow-up story according to the feedback from the audience, but the platform can also "cut off" the stop loss in time if the ratings are not good. Usually, Japanese dramas will be turned on one to two months before the broadcast, and about three to six episodes will be completed in advance, and the rest will be filmed after the broadcast; The endings of some Japanese dramas are even broadcast live. This also leads to Japanese dramas like American dramas. Once shooting is blocked, the inventory is immediately in short supply.

"We usually start shooting in the early hours of the morning and call it a night, so naturally there will be a decline in immunity caused by fatigue on the set, and it is easy to get infected with the virus." A Japanese TV producer A said in an interview that Naoki Banzawa 2, in particular, takes the office as the stage, and there are so many actors, group performances and even cameras that makeup artists, stylists and actors can’t avoid contact every day. In a sense, the studio can’t strictly prevent and control it. "So in order to avoid cluster infection at the shooting scene, of course, it is impossible to continue shooting."

In addition, the popularity of Covid-19 has caused many crews to re-evaluate the possibility of outdoor shooting. Renting buildings and disinfecting the shooting scene is a huge consumption of manpower and material resources for the crew; However, the abandonment of outdoor shooting has caused some plots to be unable to be successfully realized. "Naoki Banzawa 2 is a sequel that the audience has been looking forward to for seven years. Whether as a fan or a producer, I hope to postpone the broadcast to try to avoid the story from being reduced because it cannot be filmed." A said frankly.

Stills of Naoki Banzawa 2. The picture comes from the Internet.

But there are still many Japanese dramas being filmed. After the 17-year-old actor Ryoya Komiya, who plays the hero in the Asahi TV series "The Magic Warrior", was diagnosed in COVID-19, and the crew had to stop working and isolate, many Japanese netizens began to call for the Japanese performing arts industry to stop working collectively in a special period. On April 8th, the original Netflix Japanese drama "Naked Supervision 2" starring Takayuki Yamada was diagnosed by COVID-19, and the filming work was urgently stopped. The play was originally scheduled to be filmed indoors in TBS studio.

Naked supervision 2

　 　 　 　Coping with:In order to reduce the risk of infection, some crews decided to avoid close contact between actors by reducing kissing scenes and intimate scenes. Since novel coronavirus is mostly infected through "intimate contact", if two people perform hugs, kisses, entanglement and other scenes, the risk of infection will rise. A TV producer said in an interview that in the past, kissing was almost necessary in Japanese TV dramas and movies, and sometimes some entangled intimate scenes were needed. "But due to a series of epidemics, this kind of drama has now been banned." At present, the filming of works with kissing scenes and intimate scenes, such as An Qi Ge Lian and Shohei Miura’s M for the Loved One, Nakajima Kento and Hirano Sho’s Under Police, and My Housekeeper, Mr. Fuzhu, has been affected.

—— Japanese comprehensive—

Some variety production companies may close down, and young directors consider part-time food delivery.

Coping with:Since March, Japanese TV stations have announced the adoption of audience-free recording, or stopped recording most variety shows, in order to avoid cluster infection.

On March 30th, Tokyo TV decided to stop recording all the programs, and only reserved the relevant personnel who guaranteed the broadcast of the programs, and other employees worked at home. Xiao Sunmao, president of Tokyo TV Station, said at a press conference on March 26th that from March 27th, only more than 20% of the staff of Tokyo TV Station went to work in the company, and the remaining nearly 80% of the staff only needed to complete normal broadcasting work at home. After that, it will be slowly adjusted to only 10% employees go to work in the company.

TBS announced that from April 4 to April 19, all variety shows and TV series will be suspended. NTV suspended the studio shooting and location shooting of Japanese dramas and variety shows for two weeks from April 6th. On April 7, NHK also announced that it would suspend the recording and live performances of broadcasting companies in seven prefectures, excluding news and other urgent programs. The necessity of outdoor location shooting, broadcasting and recording is also being carefully discussed whether to keep it.

The former producer of Asahi TV Station, Makoto, expressed pessimism about the current prospects in the TV field. He admits that, due to the need to maintain a social distance of more than 1.8 meters and avoid gathering, except for news programs, almost all entertainment programs taking the star route and outdoor shooting programs taking the amateur route are stopped. In this case, radio and television companies and program production companies will encounter unprecedented crisis.

Radio and television companies:This year, it was originally planned to produce a large number of special programs during the Olympic Games, including pre-recording. However, due to the postponement of the Olympic Games, broadcasters have to urgently recruit new programs, so the cancellation of recording is undoubtedly worse for them. In addition, the original advertisements related to the Olympic Games have all been cancelled. In addition, with the current economic downturn in Japan, advertisements can’t be sold at all, and it is impossible to produce best-selling programs. It is inevitable that the operation of TV stations will deteriorate.

Production company:The situation is more serious. Once the recorded "inventory" of the TV station is completely used up, it is possible to fill the vacancy with elaborate or replayed programs, but the production company will hardly earn a penny. Focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises, the reduction of production will make their financial situation deteriorate rapidly, and many cases of bankruptcy may also occur.

Freelancers working on site:It is also facing "nowhere to go." It is reported that the Japanese Variety Recording Association will employ a large number of freelance assistant directors, directors, radio writers, etc., and the programs will stop being included, so that the income of such staff will plummet.

A well-known program director (40 years old) said helplessly that the TV station stopped filming on location and at least five programs he was recording were cancelled. The current income can only last for two months. If it continues, it is expected that the income will be reduced by 3 million yen (about 190,000 RMB) in June and July. "There may be only 150,000 yen (9,000 yuan) in income every month, and my wife is very anxious because she is running out of money every day." Another assistant director in charge of late-night programs (20 years old) said that the cancellation of recording led to a substantial reduction in the number of staff needed, and he had to consider part-time take-away food delivery in order to make money.

"Variety Coffee" is facing unemployment, and big-name artists pay their own money for epidemic prevention.

Due to the shutdown of several dramas caused by COVID-19, the living conditions of Japanese entertainment industry are not optimistic. With the death of Ken Shimura, the "master comedian", due to COVID-19, Professor Kurosawa, a member of the funny trio Mori No.3 Middle School, was diagnosed, and the entertainment circle was in an uproar.

However, according to the agency’s survey of micro-loan business owners, 82% of business owners said that they "don’t want to borrow" on the grounds that "I don’t know if their future work can go smoothly and the repayment prospect is uncertain".

The epidemic has also affected big-name artists. With the program completely stopped recording, Shinobu Sakagami, Teruyoshi Uchimura, Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Suo George and other so-called "variety coffee" have begun to be "unemployed".

The picture of Shinobu Sakagami comes from the Internet.

Teruyoshi Uchimura (middle) pictures come from the Internet.

Secret:It is reported that apart from wage-based artists, most artists in Japan have no income without jobs, and the redder the artists, the higher their pay. Affected by the epidemic, the long-term sponsors of TV stations are accelerating their departure, and production costs must also be controlled. In this way, compared with making new programs, TV stations would rather replay old programs, or give up high-paid stars and choose young artists with a recording reward of about 30,000-100,000 yen (2,000-6,500 yuan) for emergency.

In addition, the music program is blocked, which also causes idol artists or groups to reduce their exposure. "THE MUSIC DAY (Japanese TV station) and the Music Day (TBS), and even the Red and White Song Festival (NHK) on New Year’s Eve, also began to spread that it would be suspended. If it is an idol artist, this large-scale music program is the best publicity opportunity in the past. " Relevant personnel of a record company revealed.

"Red and White Songs" live. The picture comes from the Internet.

And even the film and television artists who have not stopped working in the crew spend every day in anxiety. It is reported that Kimura Takuya took a special humidifier and air purifier with him when shooting "BG~ Guard 2".

Kimura Takuya’s "BG~ Guard 2" stills. The picture comes from the Internet.

Sakai Masato put on a three-layer mask immediately after filming Naoki Banzawa 2. Knowing that the staff did not prepare masks, he also provided 1000 masks from his own pocket. Y?ji Oda specially arranged a camper for himself when filming "The Lawyer in Gold 2", which was also out of his own pocket.

Stills of Sakai Masato’s Naoki Banzawa 2. The picture comes from the Internet.

Koji Matoba, a Japanese actor, said on the social platform on the 6th that both actors and staff are facing the danger of unemployment. His filming in June has been confirmed to be postponed, and it is said that it will start at the end of July at the earliest; A series of work schedules, such as the recording of variety shows and Shang Yan, were almost completely suspended. Koji Matoba also revealed that some local production companies in Japan have been forced to close down. "This is a crisis in the Japanese entertainment industry."

-broadcast platform-

Japanese audience suggested that the old drama be replayed, and the variety show plan was "remote recording"

The new drama in the spring is in a bleak business, and the TV station has to fill the schedule with old dramas. TBS announced that three new dramas, such as Naoki Banzawa 2, were postponed, and it also said that the time slot would be adjusted to broadcast two old dramas, namely, the special collection of Xiamachi Rocket and the masterpiece selection of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. It is reported that "Xiamachi Rocket", starring Hiroshi Abe, was broadcast in 2015 and won many Japanese drama academy awards. "Obstetricians and Gynaecologists", starring G Ayano, was broadcast in 2015, and once received an average audience rating of 11.41% in that year.

Stills of "Obstetrician Hong Bird". The picture comes from the Internet.

For Japanese TV stations, replaying the old drama is only a helpless move to make up for the new drama, but it has won the audience’s love unexpectedly. According to Japanese media reports, The First Night of the Special Collection of Xiamachi Rockets broadcast on TBS on April 5th, the average family ratings were 9% in kanto region and 8% in Kansai, which even outperformed some new dramas.

Some netizens commented that they hope that TV stations can take this opportunity to let viewers order, or they can take stock of some old dramas of their own TV stations in the past. The comment was praised by thousands of netizens. Many netizens have begun to seriously order old dramas. "If possible, can Fuji TV replay the masterpiece selection of the trilogy" Gu Chu Ren Saburo "? If it is a medical theme, I also like "Medical Dragon". "

As for the variety show, some TV stations have interrupted location shooting and studio recording, and some programs have begun to seek countermeasures such as recording without audience and "remote performance".

Coping with:For example, can I go to your home with you? Originally, it was a purely external shooting program. The program group would randomly find passers-by at the station when the trams were out of service in the middle of the night and ask if they could go to see others. However, as the number of infected people in Tokyo has greatly increased, there are fewer and fewer people traveling at night, so the program group has to publish the "shooting guide", stating the basic mode of shooting, such as looking around the whole room, being close to shooting interesting places, shooting the most authentic appearance while chatting with their families, etc., and replacing the recording of the program group with amateur self-recording. "In order to ensure the broadcast, new challenges must be carried out. We hope that everyone can enjoy recording programs at home. " Gao Qiao Hiroshi, producer of the program, said.

"Can I go to your house with you? 》。 The picture comes from the Internet.

Junichiro Nakagawa, a news editor who participated in the live recording of TBS on April 2, said that everyone in the TV station seems to be working with the consciousness of "not wanting to be infected by gathering". In the past, there were a lot of fans outside the live broadcast, but there was almost no one there that day. The TV station will write down the precautions for the staff in advance, such as "alcohol disinfection when entering the station" and "all staff should check their body temperature before entering the studio". During the recording, the staff must also all wear masks; After the recording starts, except that the staff and performers will keep a long distance, other performers also adopt remote "cloud recording".

In addition, many artists’ offices have also spawned the "online cloud entertainment" approach due to the epidemic. For example, on March 17th, Genese announced that it had suspended all performances, and since March 28th, it has released the video images of its artists to fans on the video website. LDH also announced in March that it would release the concert video materials of many artists such as EXILE, J Soul Brothers, E-girls, etc. for a limited time, so as to alleviate everyone’s negative emotions. Ebex also released the concert images of its artists such as Ayumi Hamasaki, TRF and Kumi Kouda.

It is worth mentioning that although entertainment variety shows have been hit hard, some news programs have gradually increased their ratings due to the epidemic. It is reported that in February, NHK TV broadcasted the news content related to "The requirement for the suspension of primary and secondary schools nationwide" (February 17 -23), and the average audience rating of family programs was 12.4%. At the same time, the ratings of news programs in the same period rose to 17.9 again on March 23 -29 one month later.

Beijing News reporter Z Ryan

Editor Tong Na proofreads Lin Zhao.

Some people say that where there are Chinese, there are her songs. Many people in the entertainment circle are "miracles", but only Teresa Teng is a "legend".

January 29th, 2018 is the 65th anniversary of Teresa Teng’s birth. Her voice is like Oriole, and she moistens things silently, which makes people feel the beauty of pop music for the first time. The scene of eavesdropping on Teresa Teng’s songs in the film Fanghua is a true portrayal of that era.

"The Moon Represents My Heart", "Sweet Honey" and "I only care about you" … Her songs soothe the soul and become the memories of youth of a generation. Which one is your favorite?

The moon represents my heart—

You ask me how deep I love you

I love you somewhat.

My feelings will not change.

My love remains the same

The moon represents my heart

Sweet honey—

Honey, you smile sweetly.

Like flowers in the spring breeze.

Open in the spring breeze

Where have I seen you?

Your smile is so familiar

Just like your tenderness—

Up to now, year after year

I can’t stop thinking about it.

Miss you, miss the past

I wish the sea breeze would come back.

Just for the hands of the waves

Just like your tenderness

Small town story—

There are many stories in the town.

Full of joy and joy

If you come to a small town

Gain a lot.

On the water side—

Green grass is pale

White and foggy

There is a beautiful woman

Another Side of the River

Wine and coffee—

Wine and coffee

I just need a drink.

Think of the past

I drank the second cup again.

Cordate telosma—

I love the night.

I also love this nightingale singing.

Love the flower-like dream more

Embracing cordate telosma

When Rijun comes again—

After leaving tonight

Goodbye Again

Teresa Teng (January 29, 1953-May 8, 1995) was born in Yunlin County, Taiwan, China, and her ancestral home was daming county, Hebei Province. She was a Taiwan, China singer and one of the representative Japanese female singers in the Showa era.

In 1967, he released his first solo album, thus starting his singing career. In 1969, she became famous in Taiwan Province by singing the theme song of the same name of Taiwan Province’s first series Jingjing. In the early 1970s, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia’s record markets were opened with works such as "A Thousand Words" and "Hai Yun". In 1974, he won the Japanese record award "Newcomer Award" with the Japanese song "Airport", which laid the foundation for his acting career in Japan. In 1976, he held his first solo concert at Leigh Stage in Hong Kong. In 1980, she was elected as the first best female singer in Taiwan’s Golden Bell Award. In the early 1980s, he was invited to give concerts in Lincoln Center, Los Angeles Music Center and Caesar Palace in Las Vegas. In 1983, the first concert tour of Chinese singers was held, and then commercial performances were terminated. From 1984 to 1986, he won the Japanese Cable Award for three times with the trilogy つぐなぃ, Love, Time, Time, Life, Body and Body. Since 1987, he has been in semi-seclusion and faded out of the music scene.

On May 8, 1995, Teresa Teng died in Chiang Mai, Thailand due to bronchial asthma. In the same year, Teresa Teng was awarded the "Golden Needle Award" at the Hong Kong Top Ten Chinese Golden Melody Awards Ceremony. All-Japan Cable Broadcasting Award, Japan Cable Award and Japan Record Award were respectively awarded "Special Merit Award" by ratification. In 1996, the Taiwanese Golden Melody Award was posthumously awarded to Teresa Teng as "Special Contribution Award". In 2007, Teresa Teng became the "Hall of Popular Music" in Masao Koga Music Museum.

Chongqing morning post reporter Tang Hao

　　MiG -23 is the first variable swept wing fighter developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s, and it was first exported to Syria in the Middle East in the early 1970s. On April 18, 1974, a Syrian Air Force pilot piloted a MiG -23 fighter jet for a new weapon test flight in the northwest airspace of the capital, and accidentally encountered an invading Israeli F-4 fighter formation. So MIG -23 launched an encounter over the Middle East for the first time.

　　MiG -23 urgently deployed the Middle East into a "friction war"

　　In 1964, the Soviet Union began to design the development fighter of MIG -21 fighter. It is the MIG -23 fighter. In 1970, Egypt, which was preparing for war, first proposed to the Soviet Union to buy the most advanced MiG -23 fighter. However, since MIG -23 has not been put into use, the Soviet Union rejected Egypt’s request. In 1971, the Soviet Air Force began to equip the new fighter MiG -23. On October 6, 1973, the fourth Middle East War broke out. Egyptian and Syrian combat aircraft suffered great losses. On October 14th, the Soviet Union urgently used a large transport plane to transport the first batch of four MiG -23 fighters to Syria. This is the first time that MIG -23 fighters have been deployed in the Middle East. However, before these MIG -23 fighters could be put into combat, the fourth Middle East War ended on October 24th.

　　Although the war is over, the situation in the Syrian border area is still tense. Syria began to step up the training in the use of MIG -23 fighters, so as to make MIG -23 fighters form combat effectiveness as soon as possible. The Syrian Air Force found that the MIG -23 fighter was not as easy to operate and fly as the Soviet Union said. At the beginning of 1974, several MIG -23 fighters of the Syrian Air Force crashed during the test flight. By April, the first MIG -23 fighter squadron in Syria still had not all formed combat effectiveness, and only eight fighters could be put into operational use.

　　The conflict in the Syrian Golan Heights continues. Syrian and Israeli forces shelled each other, and small-scale conflicts occurred from time to time. Syria calls it a "friction war". On April 13, the Syrian army helicopter transport commando attacked the Israeli army occupying the Sheikh Mountain in the Golan Heights. The two sides began a week-long major conflict, and the scope of operations extended from the ground to the air. On the morning of April 18th, Israeli fighter planes attacked the Syrian Sam ground-to-air missile position around Sheikh Mountain. The invasion of Israeli fighters led to the first air combat of MIG -23 fighters.

　　Syrian MIG -23 encounters Israeli F-4.

　　On the afternoon of April 18th, Syrian Air Force pilot Captain masri flew a MIG -23MC fighter to the northwest airspace of Damascus for a new missile test flight. It turned out that when the Soviet Union provided MIG -23 fighter jets to Syria, it also provided several advanced air-to-air missiles, including AA-7 and AA-8. Among them, AA-7 is a medium-range air-to-air missile specially developed by the Soviet Union for MIG -23 in 1960s. In 1968, the Soviet army managed to acquire an American AIM-7M Sparrow air-to-air missile and applied its technology to the design of AA-7. AA-7 is divided into two types: radar-guided and infrared-guided, with a total length of more than 4 meters and a weight of 320 kilograms. The radar type can attack 35 kilometers, and the infrared type can attack enemy planes 15 kilometers away. AA-8 is also a missile developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s, with infrared guidance. It was put into production in 1973, with a total length of about 2 meters, a launch weight of 65 kilograms and a warhead of only 6 kilograms, mainly intercepting enemy planes within 10 kilometers.

　　The MIG -23 fighter plane suddenly met the Israeli F-4 fighter formation during the flight. Masri recalled what happened at that time: "On that day, I was flying alone in a MIG -23 fighter. Suddenly, I saw an Israeli fighter formation flying in front of me. It consists of 7~8 F-4 fighters. I have never seen an Israeli army flying in formation with eight planes, and I have never met so many Israeli fighters. I immediately decided to tell the ground commanders about the enemy by radio. However, I am disappointed that the radio communication has been seriously disturbed and it is impossible to get in touch with the ground command. In this case, I decided to use the backup frequency. However, I was disappointed again, and the backup frequency was also disturbed and difficult to use. I know that there is no choice now. Instead of waiting to be shot down by Israeli fighters, it is better to take the initiative to launch an attack. "

　　The Israeli army purchased F-4 fighter jets from the United States in 1969. The F-4 is a dual-engine long-range all-weather fighter. It was equipped with the US Air Force in 1964. It is about 19 meters long and 5 meters high, with a maximum Mach number of 2 and a range of more than 2,000 kilometers. It can carry 8 missiles in air combat. MiG -23 fighter is mainly used in air interception operations, with variable swept wings, the maximum level flight Mach number is 2.35, the maximum take-off weight is 18 tons, and it can carry 2 tons of weapons, including 4 air-to-air missiles. In addition, both the aircraft and the F-4 have strong ground attack capability.

　　This is the first air combat of Syrian MIG -23 fighter and the first air combat of Soviet-made MIG -23 fighter. Masri flew the MIG -23 at a low altitude and sped towards the F-4 formation. After MIG -23 quietly flew to the tail of the F-4 fighter formation, it fired three air-to-air missiles in succession and hit two F-4 fighters. Masri saw that two F-4 fighters were shot and caught fire and then fell. After the Israeli F-4 fighter formation was attacked by missiles, it quickly dispersed and fled everywhere. MiG -23 fighter quickly grabbed the nearest F-4 in front and prepared to attack with cannon. However, the F-4 fighter in front was so cunning that it suddenly turned left and got rid of the aim of the MIG -23. Not only that, the F-4 also quickly maneuvered behind the MIG -23 fighter. Masri suddenly felt the huge vibration of the landline. He knew that his fighter was hit by the other missile. He recalled, "I was preparing to maneuver and tried to lock an F-4. However, I was hit by a missile. My fighter plane is getting worse and burning. I don’t know what to do. "

　　The MIG -23 fighter is on the verge of losing control. Masri found it difficult to save the fighter. Suddenly, the fighter plane was shocked: it was attacked by another missile, split in two and began to fall. Masri later recalled, "I fell to the ground, but I was quickly saved. My shoulder and chest were badly hurt, and I was unconscious. It was not until a month later that I woke up from a coma. "

　　So far, I don’t know whose missile was shot down

　　Israel later confirmed that in this air battle, an F-4 two-seater fighter was shot down, one pilot died and the other was captured by the Syrian army. In addition, the Israeli army also lost an F-4 fighter, but two pilots were later found. Some people even think that the two missiles that shot down the MIG -23 fighter were probably not launched by the F-4, but two Sam -6 missiles launched by the Syrian air defense missile position. However, this statement has not been confirmed so far. In the 4th Middle East War, due to the lack of effective air-ground coordination in Arab countries, dozens of combat aircraft were shot down by their own air defense forces. Among them, 12 combat aircraft of the Syrian army were shot down by their own missiles, and 40 combat aircraft of Egypt suffered a similar fate.

　　Masri shot down the F-4 fighter for the first time by driving the MiG -23 fighter, which caused a sensation and was rewarded by the Syrian army. His rank was promoted from captain to lieutenant colonel in advance. Syrian Defense Minister Trass also personally awarded him the medal of "Hero of the Republic". A few years later, masri, who recovered from many wounds, tried to fly again. However, disabled, he had to bid farewell to the blue sky and white clouds forever. Later, as an air hero, masri was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General.

Editor: Bo Du

　　2022 is a year of deep adjustment in the real estate market. In the context of the impact of the epidemic and the expected decline in residents’ income, some housing demand was delayed; At the same time, the credit crisis of housing enterprises broke out frequently, the wait-and-see mood of buyers became stronger, and the performance of sales side was weak. However, from the beginning of 2022, favorable policies to support real estate in various places were introduced in turn, and gradual easing continued to be staged. At the central level, it reaffirmed the status of "real estate is a pillar industry of the national economy" and issued a number of policy tools to support the smooth operation of the real estate market.

　　The Paper reviewed the property market in 2022 by taking stock of the top ten keywords of the real estate industry in the past year.

　　Reduce down payment

　　In 2022, credit policies will be optimized in many places, and the purchase cost and purchase threshold of buyers will be further reduced.

　　According to the incomplete statistics of The Paper, more than 100 cities have reduced the down payment ratio of provident fund or commercial personal housing loans to 20% this year, including Chengdu, Sichuan, Shijiazhuang, Shaanxi, Xi ‘an, Taiyuan, Jilin, Changchun, Fuzhou, Fujian, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Guiyang, Guizhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, Yinchuan, Ningxia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Wuhan, Hubei and other second-tier cities.

　　From the perspective of down payment ratio, institutional statistics show that since 2022, the down payment ratio of the first suite in the unrestricted area has generally dropped to 20%, and the second set has dropped to 30%; The down payment ratio of the first suite in the restricted purchase area is mostly 30%.

　　On January 5, 2023, Ni Hong, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, mentioned in an exclusive interview with CCTV reporters at the General Station that the buyers of the first house should be strongly supported. The down payment ratio and the first set of interest rates should be lowered. For the purchase of a second house, we should give reasonable support. Trade-in the old for the new, trade-in the small for the big, and give policy support to families with many children.

　　The industry believes that it is expected that in 2023, under the tone of "housing and not speculating", both the supply and demand sides will continue to optimize their policies, and the policy intensity is expected to be further strengthened. The core first-and second-tier cities, especially the core second-tier cities, have greater room for policy optimization. The expectation of policy optimization in first-tier cities is also increasing, and there is room for reducing mortgage interest rate, down payment ratio and taxes.

　　Lower interest rate

　　In 2022, the central bank cut interest rates three times, and the LPR over five years was lowered by a total of 35 basis points, which was the strongest year to cut interest rates after the mortgage interest rate changed anchor LPR in 2019.

　　At the same time, the central bank and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission repeatedly lowered the lower limit of mortgage interest rate. In 2022, in May, the central bank and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission made it clear that the lower limit of the interest rate of the first set of commercial personal housing loans was adjusted to not less than the quoted interest rate of the corresponding term loan market minus 20 basis points; At the end of September, the central bank and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission successively released heavy benefits, and gradually relaxed the lower limit of the interest rate of the first commercial personal housing loan for some cities.

　　According to the monitoring data of the Central Finger Research Institute, as of December 30 last year, nearly 30 cities have reduced the interest rate of the first home loan to below 4%, including Yangjiang, Qingyuan, Yunfu, Zhanjiang, Jining, Wuhan, Guiyang, Jiangmen, Yichang, Xiangyang, Tianjin, Baotou, Fuyang, Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, Kunming, Dalian, Dali, Luzhou, Anqing, Enshi, Wenzhou and Wenzhou.

　　The loan interest rates in some cities have fallen to historical lows. Shijiazhuang and Wenzhou in second-tier cities currently have the lowest interest rates of the first set of commercial loans of 3.8%, while Qingyuan and Zhuzhou in third-and fourth-tier cities have the lowest interest rates of 3.7%.

　　At the same time, the central bank lowered the interest rate of the first personal housing provident fund loan by 15 basis points after seven years. Since October 1, 2022, the interest rate of the first home provident fund loan for more than five years has dropped to 3.1%.

　　On January 5, 2023, the People’s Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued a notice to establish the first dynamic adjustment mechanism of housing loan interest rate policy. In cities where the sales price of newly-built commercial housing has decreased month-on-month and year-on-year for three consecutive months, the lower limit of the local first home loan interest rate policy can be maintained, lowered or cancelled in stages.

　　"four limits" are loosened

　　The optimization policy of loosening the "four limits" of purchase restriction, loan restriction, price restriction and sales restriction has become the first choice for the regulation of the property market in various places.

　　According to the statistics of the Central Finger Research Institute, as of December 26th, 2022, more than 330 provinces, cities and counties in China have issued more than 1,000 housing market easing policies, which involve optimizing purchase restriction (111 in 48 cities), optimizing loan restriction (240 in 173 cities), optimizing sales restriction (41 in 33 cities) and adjusting price restriction (34 in 29 cities).

　　In March 2022, Zhengzhou started the first shot of adjusting the policy of restricting purchases and loans. Zhengzhou issued the "Notice on Promoting the Benign Cycle and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Industry", which clearly relaxed the purchase restriction and cancelled the "recognition of housing and loan". Subsequently, many cities across the country successively introduced the "four limits" to loosen the property market policy.

　　By the third quarter of 2022, many second-tier hotspot cities will follow up and optimize the purchase restriction policy. According to the statistics of The Paper, the optimization policies of core second-tier cities including Qingdao, Jinan, Suzhou, Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi ‘an, Nanjing, Xiamen, Foshan, Dongguan and Wuhan have been introduced one after another.

　　Buy a house by group purchase

　　"Buying a house by group purchase" has also become an important content in the toolbox of local property market regulation policies in 2022, and many cities have issued documents to encourage group purchase of commercial housing.

　　According to incomplete statistics of The Paper, in the second half of 2022 alone, There are at least Taiyuan in Shanxi, Zhongshan in Guangdong, Shenyang in Liaoning, Tonglu in Zhejiang, Tongling in Anhui, Pu ‘er in Yunnan, Bazhong in Sichuan, Huanggang in Hubei, Changchun in Jilin, Suining in Sichuan, Lianyungang in Jiangsu, Haining in Zhejiang, Macheng in Hubei, Meishan in Sichuan, Hangzhou in Zhejiang, Baise in Guangxi, Zhuji in Zhejiang, Xinghua in Jiangsu, Qingyang in Gansu, Wuzhou in Guangxi, Shaoxing in Zhejiang, Nanning in Guangxi, Zhengzhou in Henan, Laian in Anhui, and Nanning in Hubei. Zunyi, Guizhou, Yiwu, Zhejiang, Quzhou, Hubei, Enshi, Qingdao, Guangxi, Heshan, Linyi, Shandong and other places issued policies or activities related to "buying houses and buying groups".

　　Among the cities that issue "buying houses by group purchase", some cities explicitly encourage government agencies, state-owned enterprises and institutions and other groups to buy houses. At the same time, encouraging real estate enterprises to carry out group purchase concessions is also a major feature of local policies.

　　ensure timely deliveries of presold homes

　　In June, 2022, driven by increasing policy support and active marketing of real estate enterprises, the market showed signs of stabilization. However, in July, the phenomenon of collective "off supply" of buyers caused by the suspension of auction houses appeared in many places, and market confidence was frustrated again, and sales were sluggish.

　　At the end of July, 2022, "Guaranteeing the delivery of buildings and stabilizing people’s livelihood" was first written into the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party document. No matter the central level, local governments or real estate enterprises, they are actively making efforts to carry out the work related to "guaranteeing the delivery of buildings". According to the monitoring of the Central Finger, over 70 provinces and cities, in combination with local actual conditions, have substantially promoted the implementation of the "Guaranteed Building" initiative.

　　In August last year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, together with the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China and other relevant departments, issued special measures to support cities in need to promote the construction and delivery of residential projects that have been sold and are difficult to deliver. At the end of August, media reports showed that the national relief fund earmarked for "Baojiaolou" was launched. The initial scale of this special loan reached 200 billion yuan, and the central bank instructed China Development Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank to arrange it in the existing loan quota.

　　In October last year, the central bank explicitly promoted the use of special loans for "Baojiaolou".

　　In November last year, the Central Bank and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Financial Support for the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market, which supported the China Development Bank and the Agricultural Development Bank to issue the special loan of "Guaranteed Property" to the borrowers who have been reviewed and filed in compliance with the law, in an efficient and orderly manner, with closed operation and special funds earmarked to support the accelerated construction and delivery of the sold overdue residential projects.

　　At the same time, Pan Gongsheng, member of the Party Committee and Vice President of the People’s Bank of China, introduced at the national symposium on credit work of commercial banks, "The ‘ Baojiaolou ’ On the basis of special loans, the People’s Bank of China will launch 200 billion yuan ‘ Baojiaolou ’ The loan support plan provides commercial banks with zero-cost funds to encourage their support ‘ Baojiaolou ’ Work. "

　　In December last year, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed "to ensure the stable development of the real estate market" and "to do a solid job in ensuring the delivery of buildings, people’s livelihood and stability".

　　Liquidation order

　　From the perspective of housing enterprises, affected by the debt default, in 2022, a number of housing enterprises issued announcements of receiving creditors’ liquidation petitions.

　　According to incomplete statistics of The Paper, in 2022, creditors filed liquidation petitions including Sunshine City, Fantasia Holdings, Fusheng International, China Evergrande, Dafa Real Estate, Tianyu Real Estate, Oceanwide Holdings, Sunac China, Jiayuan International, Xinli Holdings Group, Xiangsheng Holdings Group, Territorial Holdings, Longguang Group, Sanyun Group, Zhongliang Holdings and Xuhui Holdings Group.

　　However, a number of housing enterprises reached a settlement with creditors, or after the final ruling of the court, the final liquidation petition was withdrawn or the two sides entered into a grace agreement.

　　The so-called liquidation petition refers to the listed company’s excessive debts and operational difficulties for various reasons. Creditors or the company itself can submit a liquidation petition to the court, which will hear the liquidation petition. If the petition is passed, the court will issue a compulsory liquidation order to order the company to liquidate.

　　Debt extension

　　According to the monitoring data of the Central Finger Research Institute, as of December 31, 2022, the scale of real estate debt extension has reached 2087.3 yuan, involving 42 related real estate enterprises. In addition, many enterprises plan to launch debt restructuring plans.

　　According to the statistics of The Paper, up to now, three housing enterprises have successfully extended their domestic debts. Among them, Longguang, together with its subsidiaries, proposed the extension of 21 open market bonds, all of which were voted by the holders’ meeting; Sunac Real Estate Group Co., Ltd.’ s overall extension plan of domestic bonds totaling 16 billion yuan was voted by the bondholders’ meeting; In addition, R&F Property’s domestic and overseas bonds totaling about 46.7 billion yuan were all successfully extended.

　　According to the monitoring data of the Central Finger Research Institute, the debt repayment pressure of housing enterprises in 2023 is still relatively high. In 2023, the total amount of credit bonds and overseas debts due by real estate enterprises was 957.96 billion yuan, 70 billion yuan more than the previous year, and the scale of debt repayment by real estate enterprises increased. In particular, in the first quarter of 2023, in January and March, the scale of debt repayment of housing enterprises exceeded 100 billion yuan, and it also exceeded 100 billion yuan in April and July. In recent months, the pressure on debt repayment of housing enterprises was relatively high. At the same time, housing enterprises may still have the risk of debt default. Housing enterprises are under great pressure to repay debts, real estate sales have not stabilized and rebounded significantly, and some housing enterprises have limited financing support, so individual housing enterprises may still default on their debts.

　　Three arrows

　　In 2018, in order to support private enterprises to broaden financing channels, the People’s Bank of China, together with relevant departments, launched a "three arrows" policy combination from three main financing channels: credit, bonds and equity. In the second half of 2022, the financing environment of housing enterprises improved, especially in November, and the central government began to comprehensively strengthen the financing support for housing enterprises, and the "three arrows" made concerted efforts.

　　On November 1, 2022, China Bond Credit Enhancement convened a meeting of 21 private housing enterprises to promote the second batch of credit enhancement projects of more than 10 housing enterprises of about 20 billion yuan. This symposium is also the third time that the Dealers Association has held a symposium on private housing enterprises since August last year.

　　On November 21st of that year, the People’s Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly held a national symposium on credit work of commercial banks to study and deploy financial support to stabilize the economy. At the symposium, Pan Gongsheng, member of the Party Committee and vice president of the People’s Bank of China, introduced that on the basis of the special loan for "guaranteed delivery building" launched in the early stage, the People’s Bank of China will launch a loan support plan of 200 billion yuan for six commercial banks to provide commercial banks with zero-cost funds to encourage them to support the work of "guaranteed delivery building". The first arrow "credit" financing force.

　　On November 8, 2022, official website, a dealer association, announced that, with the support and guidance of the People’s Bank of China, the dealer association continued to promote and expand the "second arrow" to support private enterprises, including real estate enterprises, in order to implement a package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy, adhere to the "two unwavering" and support the healthy development of private enterprises. The relevant policies and measures issued by the Dealers Association are the "second arrow" — — Continuation and expansion of bond financing support tools for private enterprises.

　　On November 28th, 2022, CSRC decided to adjust and optimize five measures in equity financing, including resuming mergers and acquisitions and matching financing of listed companies involved in housing, resuming refinancing of listed real estate enterprises and listed companies involved in housing, adjusting and improving the overseas listing policy of real estate enterprises, further giving play to the role of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in revitalizing the existing assets of real estate enterprises, and actively playing the role of private equity investment funds. This is also considered by the industry to be the "third arrow". After the introduction of the "third arrow", many listed real estate enterprises and housing-related enterprises planned to refinance.

　　According to incomplete statistics, it at least includes Country Garden, Agile, Beixin Road and Bridge, Fuxing, Shimao, the new lake treasure, Tiandiyuan, Lujiazui, Vanke, Huaxia Happiness, Jinke, China Merchants Shekou, Jiakai City, Waigaoqiao, Huafa, Guancheng Datong, Greenland Holdings, Dima, gree real estate, Chinese Enterprises, Xincheng Development, Tibet City Investment, and Dexin China.

　　Buying a house by one person and helping the whole family.

　　In 2022, more and more cities introduced a new provident fund policy, making it clear that immediate family members can withdraw the housing provident fund to help buyers pay the purchase price or repay the mortgage, and implement "one person buying a house to help the whole family".

　　According to incomplete statistics of The Paper, by the end of 2022, At least including Shaoyang in Hunan, Chaozhou in Guangdong, Qinhuangdao in Hebei, Zhuhai in Guangdong, Ganzhou in Jiangxi, Cangzhou in Hebei, Chizhou in Anhui, Chuxiong in Yunnan, Tangshan in Hebei, Xianning in Hubei, Quanzhou in Fujian, Tianjin, Maanshan in Anhui, Shenzhen in Guangdong, Hainan, Xinyang in Henan, wuzhong in Ningxia, Huzhou in Zhejiang, Lianyungang in Jiangsu, Taizhou in Zhejiang, Dingxi in Gansu, Suining in Sichuan, Chuzhou in Anhui, Shanwei in Guangdong, Yinchuan in Ningxia and Sichuan. More than 30 local governments, such as Liaocheng in Shandong, Jingzhou in Hubei, Xingyang in Henan and Lai ‘an in Anhui, have issued new policies on provident fund loans. Many places mentioned in the policies that children can withdraw their parents’ provident fund when buying a house, and implement "one person buys a house to help the whole family".

　　Formally, the policy adjustment of "one person buying a house to help the whole family" is carried out from the aspects of helping to repay the loan, helping to withdraw the provident fund to pay the down payment, and withdrawing the relatives’ provident fund to pay the house purchase price. The industry believes that through the help of immediate family members, the economic pressure of buyers can be shared, the purchasing power of residents can be restored from the demand side, and the mood of residents buying houses can be boosted.

　　mainstay industry

　　At the end of December 2022, the central government reiterated that "real estate is a pillar industry of the national economy" and affirmed the importance of real estate, which will help to restore confidence in the real estate market.

　　On December 15th, 2022, Liu He, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China delivered a written speech at the fifth round of China-EU dialogue between business leaders and former senior officials. Liu He pointed out that we have great confidence in the overall improvement of China’s economy next year. Real estate is the pillar industry of the national economy. In view of the current downside risks, we have introduced some policies and are considering new measures to improve the balance sheet of the industry and guide the market expectation and confidence to pick up. In the coming period, China’s urbanization is still in a rapid development stage, and there is enough demand space to provide support for the stable development of the real estate industry.

　　On December 18, 2022, the relevant person in charge of the Central Finance Office made an in-depth interpretation of the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the current economic hot issues: the focus of the real estate policy next year (2023) is: First, we must fully recognize the importance of the real estate industry. Real estate is a pillar industry of national economy with long chain and wide coverage. There are still some restrictive policies that hinder the release of consumer demand in housing consumption and other fields, and these consumption potentials should be released.

　　The industry believes that the stability of real estate is crucial to the stable recovery of macro-economy in 2023. Under the positioning of pillar industries, it is expected that the optimization and improvement of policies at both ends of real estate supply and demand will be more direct and rapid in the future, and the intensity is expected to be further increased.