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Lantern Festival is lit with lanterns all over the country (photos)



　　Tens of thousands of lanterns with different shapes are colorful at the Lantern Festival Mazu Lantern Festival held in Luoxingta Park, Mawei, Fuzhou.


　　On the evening of February 8, at the Lantern Festival Mazu Flower Show held in Luoxingta Park, Mawei, Fuzhou, the "Shengshi Taiping Ding" made of 20,000 pieces of porcelain appeared at the lantern show. On that night, nearly 100,000 villagers from Mawei and Mazu spent the Lantern Festival. China News Agency issued Liu Kegeng photo




　　From February 7th to 9th, tens of thousands of farmers in Zhangcun Town, Yushan County, Jiangxi Province danced with seven long 400-meter-long board lights (also known as bridge lights) to celebrate the Lantern Festival. It is reported that the board lamps in Zhangcun Town, Yushan County, Jiangxi Province began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in Kangxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. Board lamp is famous for its many types of lamps and strong ornamental value, and is known as the only folk board lamp culture with intangible cultural heritage in Jiangxi Province. China News Agency issued Zhuo Zhongwei photo




　　On the evening of February 8, nearly 100,000 villagers from Mawei and Mazu spent the Lantern Festival at the Lantern Festival of "Two Horses in the Same Spring" held in Luoxingta Park, Mawei, Fuzhou. China News Agency issued Liu Kegeng photo




　　On the morning of February 9 (Lunar Lantern Festival), the ancient city of Anyang, Henan Province held a folk art tour to welcome the Spring Festival. More than ten performing groups with farmers as the main actors from five counties and five districts of the city have performed many quaint folk art programs such as carrying back the pavilion, lifting the pavilion, Hua Gun, donkey running, roller boating, lion dancing, war drums and yangko along the main roads of the city. China News Agency issued Li Zhonghua photo




　　On February 8, a large-scale Lantern Festival was held in Minhang, Shanghai, and the wonderful programs attracted many tourists. China News Agency issued Jing Wei photo



　　On February 7th, 2009, Xiuning, Anhui Province, which is known as the No.1 scholar in China, held the performance of "Tai Chi Wushu Qigong Fever Lantern Festival" for the first time, which was very prosperous. China News Agency’s sender also Guangde photo




　　On the evening of February 8, the "Niu" lights in various cultural squares in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province were all lit up, attracting many citizens to watch. China News Agency issued a photo




　　February 9th is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. Beautiful festive lanterns are displayed on the streets of Hong Kong, bringing festive atmosphere to the citizens and tourists in the past. China News Agency issued Zhang Qin photo



　　February 9 is the traditional Lantern Festival. Giant Lantern Festival lanterns appear on the streets of Beijing, attracting people to take pictures. China News Agency issued Sheng Jiapeng photo



　　On February 8, 2009, on the 14th day of the first lunar month, more than a thousand red lanterns and Chinese knots adorned Qianmen Street in Beijing with a rich festive atmosphere. China News Agency issued Yulong photo

Editor: Yan Bin

Summary and commendation of ＂Singing the Motherland, One Song, One City＂ and IPTV publicity exchange meeting were held in Chengdu.

　　Cctv news On the afternoon of October 14th, a large-scale all-media activity "Singing the Motherland, One Song, One City" and an IPTV publicity exchange meeting jointly sponsored by the State Administration of Radio and Television and the Central Radio and Television Station were held in Chengdu. Wei Dangjun, Director of the Network Department of the State Administration of Radio and Television, Chung Chi Li, Deputy Director of the Network Department of the State Administration of Radio and Television, Zheng Zhi, Deputy Convenor of the General Manager’s Office of the Central Radio and Television General Station, and representatives of China IPTV main distribution platform and telecom operators attended the forum. At the meeting, IPTV industry reports were released and in-depth exchanges were conducted on IPTV publicity.

　　Adhere to multi-party efforts to consolidate the mainstream public opinion position of IPTV

　　In his speech, Wei Dangjun, director of the Network Department of the State Administration of Radio and Television, fully affirmed the construction and development of IPTV and its important role in propaganda work. He pointed out that IPTV has now become an important platform for propaganda and ideological culture and an ideological position, playing an increasingly important role in spreading the voice of the party, promoting mainstream values, and giving play to the guiding role of public opinion.

　　He said that to promote the healthy and orderly development of IPTV industry, we must adhere to the following points: First, to effectively improve our political position, we must take a clear-cut stand on politics. Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we should strengthen the four consciousnesses, strengthen the four self-confidences, consciously undertake the mission of raising flags, gathering people’s hearts, educating new people, promoting culture and developing image, sing the main theme, spread positive energy, and make the party’s voice spread wider, wider and deeper, which is the fundamental follow-up and guiding ideology of IPTV work. The second is to innovate the way of public opinion guidance. New technology promotes the rapid development of information dissemination mode and constant reform and innovation, and the people’s cultural level and ideological taste are also constantly improving, which requires continuous innovation of public opinion guidance mode, improvement of publicity and marketing level, maximization of publicity effect, and improvement of cultural products, which should be practical and meet people’s needs. Third, it is necessary to further standardize management, adhere to safety as the most important, manage and control, and improve the ability to check. In the key links such as the entry of program sources, the standard management level should be improved to ensure the content security, transmission security and broadcast security of IPTV.

　　Strengthen brand building and enrich content resources by multiple measures.

　　Zheng Zhi, deputy convener of the General Manager’s Office of the Central Radio and Television General Station, pointed out in his speech that IPTV is not only a communication platform, but also a platform with strong IP creation ability. In the process of building the industry ecology in the future, relying on the high-quality resources of the General Station and the provincial stations, the general station platform can make good use of the successful experience of the "Song City" project, give full play to their respective advantages, dig deep into the production of original content, and create more programs that people like and strengthen the IPTV industry.

　　First, the general platform will continuously enrich and expand the content resources of IPTV in TV series, variety shows, documentaries and sports events, and further enhance the people’s sense of acquisition and happiness with high-quality and high-quality cultural supply.

　　Second, we will further give full play to the obvious advantages of the general platform in news and public opinion topic reporting, constantly consolidate the construction of the main line of IPTV theme propaganda, strengthen the means of communication and discourse, and strive to make IPTV the main force, main channel and main position of the party’s news and public opinion work, and make greater contributions to consolidating and expanding the party’s ideological and political work.

　　Third, combined with the general platform, it has accumulated experience in the strategic implementation of 5G+4K/8K+AI, and will provide more technical support for the development of IPTV smart media ecological construction in the future.

　　Focus on the difficulties and pain points of the industry and discuss the solutions in depth.

　　Where is the IPTV propaganda work going? How to adapt to the development needs of the new era, in the guest dialogue session, more than a dozen industry guests conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions on three topics, namely, "Keeping Honesty: Integrated Development of Network and Network", "Cohesion: Characteristic Operation and Integrated Development" and "Win-win Cooperation of IPTV in New Industry Ecology".

　　Dai Zhuo, deputy general manager of Hubei Changjiang Yunxin Media Group Co., Ltd. believes that the boundaries of many channels will gradually weaken whether it is IPTV or future technological development. What we need to do is to cut into this vertical field of localization as soon as possible and consolidate the functions of our own platform.

　　Qi Ruofan, director of operations of Beijing New Media Group Co., Ltd. also believes that IPTV should not compete with Internet giants with pan-entertainment content, but should give full play to its own advantages, including local information capabilities, social service capabilities, community service capabilities and government service capabilities, and use products to retain users, attract users and satisfy users.

　　In terms of exploring the potential of IPTV, Zhang Xiaogang, general manager of Haikan Network Technology (Shandong) Co., Ltd., revealed that they are trying the "Thousands of Villages and Thousands of Houses" project, that is, extending IPTV services to the countryside, because there is a lot of information in the countryside that needs to be displayed through channels and platforms, such as agricultural products and tourism. After this attempt, the number of their users has actually increased during the epidemic.

　　Zhai Yingbin, chairman of Anhui Dolphin New Media Industry Development Co., Ltd. believes that no matter how it develops in the future, we must first maintain and consolidate the big-screen position, and then consider how to enrich the content and production mode, which needs to be considered.

　　5G is both an opportunity and a challenge. With high bandwidth and low delay, 5G has broken away from the limitation of cable and bandwidth for video production, and has also broken away from the original bondage in video production and video interaction. Wang Minjuan, general manager of the Big Video Division of Tianyi Smart Home Technology Co., Ltd. believes that this year’s live broadcast of Raytheon Mountain and Vulcan Mountain and even the live broadcast of Sansha turtle eggs are all new attempts, and the IPTV platform should also be changed. She believes that 5G is full of imagination for IPTV platform, and it is necessary to continue to innovate, expand more cooperation and serve users on the platform.

　　Dong Dawu, deputy general manager of China Unicom Video Company, also believes that 5G will bring many changes to video production. How to seize this opportunity for IPTV platform is something we need to think about. For example, operators need to consider how to give full play to the platform attributes and expand business development for government and enterprise customers.

　　As the mainstream media communication position in China, IPTV will also undertake the new mission and journey of media integration and industrial innovation in the future.

　　Participants generally agreed that according to the past development experience and future development trend, development still needs content to be king and content to be supreme, while innovating communication methods to retain users. In the future development, it is even more necessary to give play to the advantages and specialties of IPTV and activate its potential value.

award ceremony

award ceremony

　　At the event site, Fang Min, deputy general manager of CCTV Market Research Media Convergence, released the IPTV industry report. According to the report, by the end of August 2020, IPTV users had exceeded 307 million, making it the largest TV transmission channel in China. User satisfaction and trust are more than 90%, and the main reasons for IPTV to attract users are the choice of functions and high cost performance. Users are sticky, and the viewing increment is huge in the afternoon and evening; Users are willing to pay to watch the popular content, and the content consumption potential is great.

　　In addition, the organizers commended the outstanding teams and individuals of the project "Singing the Motherland, One Song, One City". It is reported that at the 8th China Network Audiovisual Conference, the list of outstanding works in the 2019 Excellent Network Audiovisual Works Selection Campaign organized by the State Administration of Radio and Television was officially announced, and the large-scale all-media activity "Singing the Motherland, One Song, One City" jointly implemented by CCTV and IPTV General Station was selected as the annual special event.

The number of single women of school age in China has exceeded 100 million, and they have no ＂back road＂ after being killed.

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Marriage is the only way in life. Marriage can change a person’s life.

Can make a person’s life change dramatically.

In any country and culture, when an individual reaches marriageable age,You should leave family of origin, find your partner and start your own small family.

As the saying goes, men should marry when they are older, and women should marry when they are older, which is influenced by the traditional culture of China.

Marriage can be regarded as a top priority in one’s life.

For most young men and women of marriageable age,

Once the task of getting married and having children is not completed within a certain age, parents and relatives will urge them to get married.

If there is a large-scale phenomenon that men and women of marriageable age do not get married, it will gradually lead to social,

The imbalance between male and female population, the declining marriage rate, the declining birth rate and the aging population.

Take Japan, a developed country close to us, as an example, because there was a large-scale feminist movement,

The relationship between men and women in Japanese society has been greatly affected.

Nowadays, not only young women in Japan don’t want to get married, but men also reject marriage life.

For them, getting married is not as good as playing games at home.

Some people say that the Japanese government is facing a serious population problem, and the birth rate is declining.

The phenomenon of population aging is becoming more and more serious, and the ratio of male to female is seriously out of balance.

Many men began to commit selective crimes because they could not meet their inner sexual needs.

As a result, the crime rate in Japan has soared.

However, some women also have no enough ability to support their own life, and finally they can only choose the career of sex.

A similar phenomenon has appeared in our country now, and many women have begun to refuse to get married.

Men want to get married but can’t find a partner, and some of them are uncomfortable, because the huge economic pressure is also relatively exclusive to marriage.

With the gradual change of young people’s thoughts, their views on marriage have also changed dramatically.

If married life is bound to tie your hands and feet, it is better to live a single life freely.

Because of this, there are a large number of older unmarried young people in our society today.

According to the census data, since 2013, the marriage rate in China has been declining.

In 2014,Marriage in China is only9.9%By 2018, the marriage rate in China has dropped to7.2% 。

Nowadays, the number of unmarried young people of school age in China has reached 240 million, of which the number of unmarried women has exceeded 100 million.

People have long been familiar with the problem of single women in China, so what causes these problems?

Why is there such a state of imbalance in our congress?

The reasons leading to this phenomenon are complex and long-term, and Rome was not built in a day.

Influenced by economic globalization, the economies and cultures of various countries are deeply blended.

Many young people in our country have been influenced by western ideology and culture.

Westerners advocate liberalism and like to live freely.

Moreover, after the feminist movement, the per capita education level in China has gradually improved.

Women’s self-awareness began to grow, and they began to want to pursue their ideal life.

So they began to pursue their studies and careers, different from women in traditional society.

They can receive education equally, and they don’t need to be like women in the past.

Put all your time and energy into the family, become an accessory of men, and become a tool for giving birth to children.

At the same time, with the continuous development of society, people’s material living standards are getting higher and higher.

The cognitive level is constantly changing, and today’s women are more inclined to be themselves.

The continuous improvement of women’s social status also helps them to pursue the life they want.

The existence of this phenomenon has two sides, which not only represents the continuous progress of human society,

But it also makes many women fall into the trap of being "killed".

Influenced by traditional ideas, many people in today’s society still have the idea of favoring boys over girls.

Many imaginations in today’s society seem to be beneficial to women, but in fact they are killing women.

Nowadays, people’s material living standards have been greatly improved.

The improvement of women’s social status also leads them to live a princess-like life since childhood.

It is this kind of love that laid the groundwork for them to be "killed" in the future.

Many women can’t adapt themselves to all kinds of problems when they first enter the society.

In the face of all kinds of trivial matters, they always take care of themselves, not to mention taking care of their families and children.

This will cause many women to be immature when they reach marriageable age.

Because of this, many women now only meet their own needs, just be happy.

I can be my own queen.

Everyone has different attitudes towards life, and it is understandable that some women choose this lifestyle.

But most people can’t live alone without their families in the end.

Then maybe try to change your mind and find a suitable partner to make your life more substantial and rich.

The End –

Author | Tommy Da

Edit | Houhai

Reference: Jean Piaget Biography. (2020, January 29)

Today, let’s understand what is ＂culture＂ from the etymological point of view.

In the long history of China, every major social change is preceded by "cultural" change. The sacrificial culture of Shang Dynasty laid the foundation for the ritual and music civilization of Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred flowers blossomed and a hundred schools of thought contended for cultural opening and innovation, which ushered in Qiang Qin’s Han nationality, the Han nationality was formally formed, and the Confucianism of Confucianism also promoted the unification of China. The New Culture Movement during the May 4th Movement created a new culture in China, which was a fusion of Chinese and Western cultures and ancient and modern cultures, and provided a cultural foundation for today’s national independence and national prosperity. Today, we propose the creative inheritance and innovative development of China’s traditional culture, which is bound to provide the strongest cultural support for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Culture is resources, culture is power, and culture is spirit. This is true for the nation, the country and the individual.

However, what is "culture" is still one of the problems that need to be discussed.

From the etymology, what is China’s so-called "culture"? Why does it have such great power? The analysis of culture from this angle can refresh us and help us understand the essence of China culture, as well as where and why it is different from western culture.

Let’s talk about the "text" of culture first.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s "Wen" is a hieroglyph, and the glyph is a pattern formed by many lines and interlaces, which represents a pictorial symbol carved on rocks or animal bones to convey consciousness. It is an ancient hieroglyph. Therefore, the original meaning of the word "Wen" is a pictographic ideographic symbol carved on rock walls and Oracle bones in ancient times. To put it bluntly, it is an image and a symbol carrier carrying meaning. Therefore, speaking words is a symbol used to express events, facts and information. This is one.

Second, writing is aesthetics. It is said that one of our ancestors looked up at the sky at the beginning of the humanities, and there were beautiful clouds in the sky, as the saying goes, the wind came and the rain went, and the clouds rolled and the clouds were comfortable; Looking down at the ground, it is precisely the beautiful mountains and rivers and the beautiful land. When observing natural humanities, historical geography, personnel stories, as well as architectural costumes, body shapes and even the spirit of consciousness, he found that these things have a very interesting thing in common. Those various patterns are beautiful things in the form of beautiful lines, and their forms can bring people beautiful enjoyment. "Wen" can not only express things, but also express spirit. All kinds of expressions make us feel both practical and enjoyable. So, he drew a "text". This is the origin of writing and the beginning of culture.

Therefore, the original meaning of the word "Wen" expresses beauty, mainly the kind of beauty that brings beauty to people in form. Therefore, we say that "Wen" is a pattern. Later, the poems and paintings we wrote, including our words, calligraphy, music and dance, were all patterns, and they all expressed a kind of aesthetic and formal "Wen".

If we grasp the original meaning of the beautiful pattern of the word "Wen", we can understand the characteristics of China culture. China culture pays special attention to poetry, aesthetic feeling and the comfort and comfort of secular life. China people pay attention to "life", that is, "to be born and live", and to live beautifully, healthily, abundantly, comfortably and poetically. For the beauty of life, because of the beauty of life, people in China often write poems about life.

China is a country that attaches importance to life, aesthetics and poetry. It emphasizes the free and easy mind, the cultivation of mind, the vibration of soul and the enjoyment of emotion on the basis of the unity of nature, mind and matter, and the unity of inside and outside, and pursues the aesthetic feeling in life.

There is a saying in the ancients that "poetry expresses ambition". "ambition" is "the heart of intellectuals" Poetry, as a "text" to express the feelings and emotions of the heart, is the most appropriate carrier and the best expression of beautiful "text".

Therefore, from patterns to words to poems, paintings, music, architecture and clothing, "Wen" has become an aesthetic activity for objects, a sense of beauty and beauty of people, and then it is derived from aesthetics. "Wen" is a phenomenon form, a subjective feeling, an aesthetic relationship between subject and object, an attitude of observing life and existence, and a poetic mode of life, culture and poetry.

Look at "Hua" again.

"Hua" is two people in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. On the left is a man standing head-up, and on the right is a man falling head-down into the ground. From left to right, it is a change from birth to death, which is also a natural life process. Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s man on the right is written as a dagger in the bronze inscription, so the word "Hua" is horrible: a man on the left and a knife on the right-killing people, which means revolution, innovation, innovation and metabolism. Therefore, "transformation" is a movement, a law of nature, progress and change, that is, the old dies and the new is created, that is, "dialectics". This is the first meaning of "Hua".

It is said in the Book of History that "every day is new, every day is new, and every day is new", which expresses this law of nature. This "new" is "pro" on the left and "Jin" on the right. "Dear", the top is a metal drill, which is inserted into the stake below, and then the axe on the right is used to cut the stake, and the stake is decomposed and split for firewood. Therefore, "new" is broken down, turning the whole into parts and the big into small ones. As far as philosophical methodology and behavioral practice are concerned, we usually call it "analysis" and "decomposition", or philosophically, "deconstruction". This is the second meaning of "Hua".

On the whole, "transformation" is a process of change, change or elimination, and it is also an action and a process before reorganization and innovation.

Why should people be "modern" and "new"? Whether it is new or new, it is to find out the essence and law of the object world through research, anatomy and observation of parts and small parts, and apply it to production and life to create new things and new values. By turning the big into the small and turning the whole into parts, we can grasp the essence and law of the object more conveniently, have a more accurate understanding, have a more successful guarantee and get more achievements when we act. This is research, a process of academic activities, scientific exploration and philosophical thinking. Its purpose is to analyze, dissect and then "construct", that is, to reassemble concrete, phenomenal and fragmentary things with their own thinking, express them in the form of abstract thinking and present them as theories. A whole, an abstract meaning and a universally applicable law are constructed, from which "logic" or "metaphysics" is formed, which is a "Tao" based on the study of phenomena, that is, the source of the world, the essence of the world and the law of the world, so that we can use it and serve the survival and development.

The development of philosophy led to the development of natural science, which brought about the industrial revolution, and then there was a historic translocation of eastern and western countries in the world. "Culture" is the wheel and engine of world historical progress.

[This article comes from "33 Keywords of China Traditional Culture" published by People’s Publishing House]

Another auspicious day! Seven new tours, including Karapichu, are open beta today, and Tencent monopolizes three.

On August 3rd, it was another auspicious day for the game industry. A total of seven games were selected for beta or sale today. Let’s take a look.

A piece of paper, Valerant? Tencent shooting online game "Karapichu" public beta

The PC online game "Karapichu", which was developed by Chuangmeng Tiandi and released by tencent games, was released for public beta today.

As a unique two-dimensional TPS shooting competitive game, the game adopts 3D two-dimensional card painting style and third-person shooting over the shoulder perspective. The existing gameplay is traditional 5V5 blasting and team competition, and more entertainment-oriented gameplay should be introduced in the future.

"Karapichu" incorporates heroic skills, special gameplay and other contents on the basis of high gun injuries. The single gameplay is somewhat similar to the fist FPS game "Fearless Contract" that Tencent just represented recently.

However, it is special that the characters in the game can become real "paper people", so as to achieve the effect of moving in the wall or gliding in the air.

In the previous experience, "Karapichu" was slightly inferior to "The Fearless Contract" in the handle of gun fighting, but it has its own characteristics in the secondary style and the paper-based design of characters. Interested friends may wish to experience it.

The Gate of Bode 3 was officially released on August 3rd.

Bode Gate 3 is a turn-based role-playing game produced and distributed by Larian Studio in Belgium. The background of the game is defined as an evil group returning to Bode with malice, trying to subvert, eat away and even corrupt everything in the forgotten country from the inside.

The game has been pre-empted for a long time, and the EA version also has a very good evaluation on Steam. In the previous promotional film, it was widely circulated by players because of the free XP of "X Bear".

"Bode Gate 3" landed on the PC platform on August 3rd and on the PS5 platform on September 6th.

China background "Assassin’s Creed" game! Open BETA test

Assassin’s Creed’s orthodox mobile game "Assassin’s Creed: Code JADE" was beta-tested on iOS and Android platforms today.

Assassin’s Creed: Code JADE is a 3A-level mobile role-playing action adventure game set in ancient China. Players will be able to create their own characters and explore the stories of the first assassins in China in the open world.

According to the official, this game is a free game, so it is still impossible to know whether the game is based on the season, cards and weapons.

Youth tactical plot RPG mobile game "Blue File" officially beta.

Developed by MX Studio of South Korea’s NEXON Games, the youth tactical plot RPG mobile game "Blue File" released by Youxing Network was officially launched today, and simultaneously landed on iOS and Android platforms.

Although "Blue File" is a Korean secondary mobile game, it is difficult to link it with Korean secondary because of its excellent painting style and gameplay, and the extremely Japanese style also makes players who come into contact with this work for the first time mistakenly think that it is a Japanese secondary tour.

Because of this, "Blue Archives" has achieved excellent results in the Asian region, which is regarded as the top-stream secondary mobile game in the Asian market.

Tencent version of the "Whole Territory Blockade 2" experience service is reopened.

Tencent’s "Whole Territory Blockade 2" experience service is scheduled to reopen at 16: 00 on August 3.

As a game that has been sold several years ago and Tencent has already got the version number, Blockade 2 is still being tested, which can only be said to be caused by Tencent’s consistent style.

I’m afraid it’s obvious that the game is cold when it goes online. After all, if the game doesn’t go online again, maybe Ubisoft will announce "Blockade 3".

The public beta of tower defense game’s "Different Dust: Da Milla"

The "Different Dust: Up to Milla", an all-angle multi-dimensional strategy secondary tower defense developed by the optical axis project team, was released for public beta today.

According to the official news, the character interface of the game is somewhat similar to the battle doubles, and the gameplay is similar to the tower defense of tomorrow’s Ark. It is hard to say what dividends this kind of secondary mobile game can get in the state that the market is completely saturated in recent years.

Domestic indie game "The Roaming Guide of Babel" is on sale worldwide.

The domestic indie game "The Roaming Guide of Babel" was released today, landing on platforms such as Switch and Steam, and supporting Chinese, English and Japanese.

The Roaming Guide of Babel is a story adventure game with butterfly effect as its core. The game takes butterfly effect and multi-line narration as the core, and develops unique adventures and puzzles. The gameplay is quite interesting.

Interested friends don’t forget to try it.

Reading ｜ What is emotion and where does it come from？

What is Emotion: History, Theory and Vision of Emotional Research

By Zhang Chuntian

Editor Jiang Wentao

Published by Peking University Publishing House

In recent years, the research on emotion has become one of the most important research orientations of human literature. This book not only covers the "emotional turn" and related debates and reflections, but also includes a discussion on the evolution and transformation of emotions in early modern times. This book covers the Chinese and western history and theories of modern emotion, consciousness, sensory perception, writing and reading from the 18th century to the 20th century, and also highlights the relationship between emotion and media, images, movies and contemporary society in the context of post-modernism and media integration. Adhere to the historicization of theory, interdisciplinary orientation and the correlation between humanities and science.

> > selected reading of the text

I’m not worried about emotional expression itself: people in the past, like now, expressed joy, sadness, anger, fear and many other feelings. These emotions (just like today) had many meanings at that time, they had an impact on others, and they would be manipulated by others in turn (just as we will do now). Medieval researchers-in fact, all historians who want to describe history correctly-have to worry about how historians treat emotions in history.

Simply put, the grand narrative is like this: the history of the West is the history of increasingly restrained emotions. The Greek and Roman periods were ignored: didn’t Homer praise the sweetness of anger? There was a childlike emotional life in the Middle Ages: pure, intense and open, and modernity (with various definitions) brought self-discipline, control and suppression.

Max Weber believes that modernism and the state bring bureaucracy, which in turn promotes the development of "rational matter-of-fact" and the personality type of experts ". Calvinists emphasize the evidence of elections, which leads to a kind of "systematic self-control", which is the religious basis of modern capitalist spirit. According to Freud, "civilization" is indeed synonymous with modern European civilization. Telephone, airplane, park and obsession with cleanliness, these symbols of civilization are all "based on giving up hedonic instinct". In the mythical "past", there is more freedom. The "past" here is not necessarily medieval, but it is certainly not modern. Foucault’s works on ancient sexology destroyed the myth of hedonism in the Greek period, and even in his view, these regulations, which emerged in large numbers after the Middle Ages, were destined to urge, examine, analyze and control human body and sex.

Historians who study emotional families generally believe that in the Middle Ages and early modern times, families were cold and loveless. It was not until the 18th century that loving families appeared. The concept of a family without feelings is not in contradiction with the view of excessive emotions in the Middle Ages, because love in an emotional family should be peaceful, restrained and firm. From this point of view, the pre-modern family is at best a social institution for breeding, and at worst it is a theater where violence breaks out. In contrast, modern families are affectionate.

This is the hydraulic principle of emotion: emotion is like liquid all over the human body, fluctuating, bubbling and eager to be released.

Readers are easy to be regarded as vampires, and authors are not satisfied: not only because everyone they meet is a potential prey, they can be absorbed and used in the next novel; It is also because they are committed to living through the descendants of books (not through the living descendants), which may mean that they have never lived completely in a sense.

In any case, it is in this twilight world that readers and authors meet.

Ellison even asserted that "novels can be shaped as a raft of hope"-it "may keep us afloat, let us try our best to pass through obstacles and eddies, and they mark our nation’s hesitant road to or away from democratic ideals."

The most likely thing that will happen between you and a text is that it will save your life, and it will become a part of what makes you live and what you live for.

This is the case with books, which are like and unlike the process of interacting with another person. It feels in a sense like you don’t know what’s next. The text seems to have some independent initiative. Reading is different from sitting around thinking or weaving fantasy stories by yourself.

Readers can even be sadly passive: as a reader, all I can do is browse the text, and I can’t change anything-I can’t impose behavior on it. On the other hand, the text seems to have little ability to act. It can’t respond to me, nor can it look back at me.

But the text can do something even related to survival: it holds me.

Author: Zhang Chuntian

Editor: Jin Jiuchao