标签： 南京龙凤1314

What is Emotion: History, Theory and Vision of Emotional Research

By Zhang Chuntian

Editor Jiang Wentao

Published by Peking University Publishing House

In recent years, the research on emotion has become one of the most important research orientations of human literature. This book not only covers the "emotional turn" and related debates and reflections, but also includes a discussion on the evolution and transformation of emotions in early modern times. This book covers the Chinese and western history and theories of modern emotion, consciousness, sensory perception, writing and reading from the 18th century to the 20th century, and also highlights the relationship between emotion and media, images, movies and contemporary society in the context of post-modernism and media integration. Adhere to the historicization of theory, interdisciplinary orientation and the correlation between humanities and science.

> > selected reading of the text

I’m not worried about emotional expression itself: people in the past, like now, expressed joy, sadness, anger, fear and many other feelings. These emotions (just like today) had many meanings at that time, they had an impact on others, and they would be manipulated by others in turn (just as we will do now). Medieval researchers-in fact, all historians who want to describe history correctly-have to worry about how historians treat emotions in history.

Simply put, the grand narrative is like this: the history of the West is the history of increasingly restrained emotions. The Greek and Roman periods were ignored: didn’t Homer praise the sweetness of anger? There was a childlike emotional life in the Middle Ages: pure, intense and open, and modernity (with various definitions) brought self-discipline, control and suppression.

Max Weber believes that modernism and the state bring bureaucracy, which in turn promotes the development of "rational matter-of-fact" and the personality type of experts ". Calvinists emphasize the evidence of elections, which leads to a kind of "systematic self-control", which is the religious basis of modern capitalist spirit. According to Freud, "civilization" is indeed synonymous with modern European civilization. Telephone, airplane, park and obsession with cleanliness, these symbols of civilization are all "based on giving up hedonic instinct". In the mythical "past", there is more freedom. The "past" here is not necessarily medieval, but it is certainly not modern. Foucault’s works on ancient sexology destroyed the myth of hedonism in the Greek period, and even in his view, these regulations, which emerged in large numbers after the Middle Ages, were destined to urge, examine, analyze and control human body and sex.

Historians who study emotional families generally believe that in the Middle Ages and early modern times, families were cold and loveless. It was not until the 18th century that loving families appeared. The concept of a family without feelings is not in contradiction with the view of excessive emotions in the Middle Ages, because love in an emotional family should be peaceful, restrained and firm. From this point of view, the pre-modern family is at best a social institution for breeding, and at worst it is a theater where violence breaks out. In contrast, modern families are affectionate.

This is the hydraulic principle of emotion: emotion is like liquid all over the human body, fluctuating, bubbling and eager to be released.

Readers are easy to be regarded as vampires, and authors are not satisfied: not only because everyone they meet is a potential prey, they can be absorbed and used in the next novel; It is also because they are committed to living through the descendants of books (not through the living descendants), which may mean that they have never lived completely in a sense.

In any case, it is in this twilight world that readers and authors meet.

Ellison even asserted that "novels can be shaped as a raft of hope"-it "may keep us afloat, let us try our best to pass through obstacles and eddies, and they mark our nation’s hesitant road to or away from democratic ideals."

The most likely thing that will happen between you and a text is that it will save your life, and it will become a part of what makes you live and what you live for.

This is the case with books, which are like and unlike the process of interacting with another person. It feels in a sense like you don’t know what’s next. The text seems to have some independent initiative. Reading is different from sitting around thinking or weaving fantasy stories by yourself.

Readers can even be sadly passive: as a reader, all I can do is browse the text, and I can’t change anything-I can’t impose behavior on it. On the other hand, the text seems to have little ability to act. It can’t respond to me, nor can it look back at me.

But the text can do something even related to survival: it holds me.

Author: Zhang Chuntian

Editor: Jin Jiuchao

The dialogue between Real Madrid and Manchester City ended in the victory of Manchester City. On May 20th, Spanish and British media broke the news that Manchester City winger Grali, worth 100 million pounds, avenged himself and "banned" Real Madrid star Guti on social platforms.

Goody and Grali, what’s wrong with you?

In the first leg of the Champions League semi-final, Real Madrid drew 1-1 with Manchester City. After the game, Real Madrid star Guti visited the El Chiringuito program of Spain Channel 6 and commented on Manchester City. The "Golden Wolf" cast three perspectives: Grali can’t do anything, B-seat kicks the wing=Manchester City is short of one person, and Guardiola dare not change tactics.

If we only watch the first 90 minutes of the game, Guti still knows a truth: Grali’s breakthrough performance was not excellent, and Block B was completely blocked by Benisius and Camavanga on the right. Awkward; Guardiola’s 0-0 game involved substitution, with Alvarez, Foden and Mahrez sitting on the bench.

However, Guti and Real Madrid fans didn’t expect Manchester City to have an advantage in the second round, sweeping Real Madrid 4-0. Gurish, Sheet B and Guardiola criticized by Guti are all protagonists-

Grali is good at passing and controlling the ball.

2 points for seat B. Grali threatened to pass the ball three times, succeeded four times and was violated five times. Real Madrid can’t block the ball from the right. He is proficient in all 18 weapons.

Mr. Guti expressed his views on the plan of El Chiringuito, saying that Mr. Goreli could "endure" a week. It wasn’t until Manchester City won the final that Grali hit back at Guti. Under the information of the program, Grealish responded with a "shut up" expression.

Good people pull a long face

Grealish’s expressive response instantly detonated the social platform. It got more than 2 million views and 40,000 likes in just 8 hours. Guti never imagined that Real Madrid, the love of his life, would lose so badly. After the 0-4 defeat in the Champions League, Guti was silent for three minutes in El Chiringuito’s program, with a sad face …

In Ligue 1, if you only focus on Paris Saint-Germain, Messi, Neymar and Mbappé, you will obviously miss too many beautiful scenery.

Lance, who won only one victory in 12 Ligue 1 games at the beginning of the season, came to the eighth place in the standings with 18 unbeaten matches. Here, there are not only "English Mbappé" Balogun, but also "Japanese Neymar" Ito Junya who sent five goals and five assists in 23 matches in Ligue 1.

A. This Kanagawa boy: grew up in a non-profit football organization.

Born on March 9, 1993, Itochun is also a native of Kanagawa Prefecture and comes from Yokosuka City. This once small fishing village has gradually developed into a military port and a maritime gateway to Tokyo.

His parents, both workers, left their hometown early to work, leaving Ito Chun in Yokosuga. There are many non-profit football training institutions there, so from the age of 6, he can get in touch with professional football training as long as he pays a small basic fee.

Because he hated the "dormitory, the relationship between the superior and the subordinate", he chose Toyo High School in Kanagawa Prefecture (which sounds a bit like Rukawa Kaede) where he could go to school from home.

By virtue of his outstanding performance in the youth invitational tournament in Kanagawa Prefecture at the age of 16, Itongchun also received an olive branch from a professional team.

From the football team of Kanagawa University, the wind forest of Jiafu to the cypress sun god, Itochun also put on the jersey of the Japanese national team for the first time at the age of 25.

B. choose Belgium as the first stop to study abroad! At the age of 29, I set foot on the Ligue 1 competition.

In 2018, Yi Dongchun also handed over a report card with 9 goals and 17 assists in the J League’s Cypress Sun God, so in the winter window of January 2019, he joined the Genk Club in Belgium on loan.

Bought out a year and a half later, he spent three and a half years in Bijia.Especially in the 2020-21 season and 2021-22 season, Yi Dongchun actually handed over a perfect report card with 12 goals, 16 assists and 8 goals and 21 assists.

In the Asian Top 12 World Cup preliminaries, Itongchun, who has secured the main position of the Japanese national team, also scored four consecutive goals, especially against the national football team, leaving a deep impression on countless China fans.

The 29-year-old is eager for new challenges. Last summer, he transferred to Lance, who joined Ligue 1 for 10 million euros: "I don’t prefer any country or league. I believe I can stand on my feet wherever I go."

So far this season, Yi Dongchun, who has played 23 matches in Ligue 1, has also handed in an answer sheet with 5 goals and 5 assists, and directly participated in the data of 10 goals, which also made him surpass his predecessor Daisuke Matsui and become the first Japanese player to score goals in Ligue 1 in a single season (Daisuke Matsui contributed 5 goals and 4 assists in 2007-08 season).

A. fast speed+good movement without the ball

Although he plays more as a right winger on the court, Ito Chun also has a little Neymar style in some ball handling styles.

Fast speed, strong up-and-down ability, combination of ball and no ball, and good performance in passing and shooting.

This time, in the position of the wing, Ito Chun also scored the ball and immediately inserted it without the ball. The second catch directly crossed the ball to find the back point, but unfortunately the teammate was too slow to outflank in place.

Let’s take a look at the offensive and defensive conversion this time. Yi Dongchun also directly broke the ball after the opponent threw the sideline ball and launched a counterattack on the spot.

The key is that it is beautiful to pass the ball in this step, and then Phillips on the flank of the ball is divided. The latter’s wonderful pass directly brought Balogun into the penalty area and scored a goal.

B: 10 times in a single game: 1 goal and 2 assists.

In the 25th round of Ligue 1, Yi Dongchun not only contributed 1 goal and 2 assists in a single game, but also helped Lance beat Toulouse 3-0. He became the best player in Ligue 1 in a single round and was selected as the 11 best players of the week.

You know, in the Ligue 1 dialogue with Montpellier, Ito Chun also had 10 successful feats in a single game.

The first goal in the match with Toulouse was that Yi Dongchun also used his own speed to flexibly turn around and get rid of the first defender, then crossed the second defender, and finally faced the goalkeeper with a single knife and calmly pushed the score.

Let’s take a look at this ball-breaking counterattack. Ito Chun also used the speed change to pass the first person, and then passed the second Toulouse player again.

It’s a pity that the last kick was a beautiful straight plug, but teammate Mathus Wa didn’t hit the goalkeeper’s shot well, which made Ito Chun miss an assist.

A. Both feet can handle the ball: as a winger, they can cut the attack.

Ito Junya, who just celebrated his 30th birthday, can play the left and right wingers on the court.

The dominant foot is the right foot, but the left foot also has a certain ability to handle the ball, so in the game, he can attack internally.

As can be seen from the lens, after getting the ball on the flank this time, Ito Chun also made a strong cut, and then sent an imaginative pass with his heel.

Teammate Ka Giust took the ball and shot it with a blast, sending it to the bottom of the opponent’s net.

Let’s take a look at this attack. Ito Chun also completed continuous dribbling and dodging on the flank, and he had a good sense of rhythm in the process of cutting into the middle.

Use continuous setbacks to confuse opponents, and finally send a simple cross, but unfortunately teammates with more space in the front of the penalty area didn’t shoot well at last.

B.1.9 key passes per game.

Compared with contributing 5 goals and 5 assists and averaging 1.7 successes per game,Yi Dongchun’s most surprising data is his key pass averaging 1.9 times in Ligue 1.This kind of passing performance is still quite outstanding.

Generally speaking, Ito Junya’s passing is not very creative, but it always gives a good opportunity. This time, Mooney West scored an assist goal, which is an example.

After getting the ball in the middle, Yi Dongchun also had a long-range shot. When he saw his teammate’s flank sleeve, he sent a scoring ball to the short pass of the empty space, allowing Mooney West to score directly.

In the match with ajaccio, Ito Chun also assisted Ka Giust to finish the lore in the 95th minute.

At first, Yi Dongchun also had a good sense of dividing the ball, but he gave a little more strength. In the ensuing chaos, it was very important for him to calmly pass back, which brought the final word from his teammates.

Celebrating his 30th birthday, before you know it, Ito Chun has also played in European football for almost four and a half years.

Perhaps at the age of 30, it’s hard for him to enter a big team, but the most dazzling Japanese international in the top 12 is still trying to write his own football chapter.