In 2019, the work report of Zhejiang provincial government put forward the concept of "future community" for the first time. This concept focuses on the basic unit "community" of this beautiful city construction, focusing on three major value coordinates of humanism, low-carbon and digitalization, including nine scenes: neighborhood scene, education scene, health scene, entrepreneurship scene, architecture scene, traffic scene, low-carbon scene, service scene and governance scene, covering from engineering construction to system construction.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" clearly puts forward that urban renewal should be accelerated, and the functions of stock areas such as old residential areas, old factory areas, old blocks and villages in the city should be upgraded, the renovation of old buildings should be promoted, and new parking lots and charging piles should be actively expanded. As a community planner, the author adheres to the goal of "vibrant neighborhood" when participating in community urban renewal projects, innovatively introduces the concept of "future community", respects public opinion and empowers wisdom. From the perspective of humanism, low-carbon and digitalization, this paper discusses how to implement the future community concept in the organic renovation of old residential areas, and puts forward corresponding suggestions.
Starting with "people-oriented", we should worry about people’s urgency and worry about people’s worries.
First, the foundation should be solid. The foundation here, on the one hand, means that the basic research work before the transformation should be solid, we should dig deep into the root of the problem and identify the needs of residents; On the other hand, it means that the transformation and upgrading of infrastructure should be solid, not just superficial, but thorough and in place to avoid repeated rectification and constant disturbance to the people.
Different from new projects, old residential areas have their particularity and uniqueness. They need to check and fill gaps instead of starting from blanks. Therefore, the organic renewal and renovation of old residential areas should proceed from the needs of residents, do a good job of preliminary research, and give priority to ensuring the renovation content closely related to residents’ lives. Through a large number of practices, it is found that, in view of the demographic characteristics of the large proportion of middle-aged and elderly people in old residential areas, the reconstruction should pay special attention to the construction of neighborhood scenes and health scenes, and increase the communication space, community activities space and health care space for the elderly.
Second, the operation and maintenance should be pre-positioned. According to the scene construction requirements of the future community, the operation and maintenance of the old community is a very important part of the transformation of the old community besides the engineering construction. Only by operating the community as a whole can we really stimulate the vitality of the community, bring new features to the residents of the community and let them truly experience the improvement of their quality of life.
At the beginning of the renovation project design, the professional operation and maintenance team should make detailed planning and formulate the overall plan of community operation, thus giving guidance to the spatial layout of public service facilities. Community operation mainly includes educational scenes such as kindergartens and happy schools, as well as service scenes such as community commerce and convenience services and health scenes such as indoor fitness facilities; What needs to be maintained mainly includes public service scenes such as community shared study room and community medical station, and online service scenes such as community neighborhood mutual assistance integral mechanism, digital learning integral application mechanism, traffic information publishing platform and intelligent parking system.
Third, governance should be long-term. The organic renovation of old residential areas not only needs to upgrade the "hardware" of the residential areas, but also needs to upgrade the "software". If engineering design is "hardware", then community operation and maintenance and governance are "software". The quality of community governance is an important reference for residents in old communities to judge their happiness. The governance of old communities cannot be achieved overnight. First of all, it is necessary to establish a set of community management mechanism with clear responsibilities and responsibilities under the guidance of party building, so as to ensure the fairness and justice of community governance; Secondly, it is necessary to establish an effective self-government mechanism for community residents, increase residents’ participation, and convey the concept that "the community is my home", thus ensuring people’s democracy in community governance; Finally, it is necessary to do a good job in supporting facilities such as space and digital platforms to help implement the governance mechanism.
Pay attention to the concept of "low carbon", do a good job of scientific publicity and calculate the economic account
The first is to achieve engineering. In order to promote the concept of low carbon, it is necessary to implement "low carbon+"and "+low carbon" in the project. Under the premise of not increasing or slightly increasing the project cost, the "low carbon" of the future community can be realized by changing the design methods and technological processes. For example, in the process of rainwater and sewage reconstruction, the concept of sponge city construction is adopted, and some rainwater runoff pollution is controlled by changing outdoor vertical, reducing local green space elevation, increasing high-level flower beds and increasing wastewater storage in the balcony of the building facade, so as to realize low-carbon and toughness of the water system; For the construction of garbage sorting kiosks, the installation of photovoltaic equipment, the installation of water-saving and energy-saving equipment and other projects, low-carbon scenes can be created from the side to help achieve the goal of "double carbon". In addition, the old residential area does not mean that there are no new buildings. For new buildings, we should follow the low-carbon requirements in the architectural scene, design and build according to the requirements of Samsung’s green buildings, and realize the engineering of low-carbon concept.
The second is to realize the benefits. Economy is the catalyst for promoting the development of ideas. To promote low-carbon ideas, it is necessary to calculate the small economic accounts of community operations and the large economic accounts of social benefits from the perspective of economic interests. That is, from the perspective of use, low-carbon facilities such as photovoltaic power generation, water-saving facilities and central heating can reduce expenditures; From the perspective of social benefits, low-carbon facilities such as water-saving and energy-saving facilities and low-impact development facilities can reduce resource consumption and carbon emissions. Garbage sorting facilities can help realize the reuse of recyclable garbage, and the recycling of renewable energy such as kitchen waste compost can reduce resource waste.
The third is to realize human culture. Combine the low-carbon concept with Chinese traditional culture to promote the low-carbon concept to be deeply rooted in people’s hearts. "Saving" is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and the concepts of water saving, energy saving and resource reuse coincide with the low-carbon concept. By combining the two, residents can accept new ideas more easily, thus achieving the purpose of publicity and promotion. In addition to the specific facilities construction, the low-carbon scene can also be realized by combining the neighborhood cultural scene or through the garbage classification and integral system and other governance scenes.
Push "Digitalization" Reform, Make Good Use of Intelligent Facilities and Assist Management.
In the new era of information explosion, people’s food, clothing, housing, transportation, work, study and even management services are inseparable from the use of data. In the application process of nine major scenes in the community, CIM (Urban Information Model) platform plays a very important role, and the application of each scene is inseparable from the digital platform.
The first is to realize the networking of life services. To carry out digital reform, we should follow the trend, help residents realize the functions of Internet of Things such as shopping, take-out and express delivery, provide service scenarios such as O2O business services and O2O housekeeping services, build educational scenarios such as smart bookstores and online schools, and set up health scenarios such as online doctors’ diagnosis and treatment and continuous health monitoring. Without leaving home, we can "master all the information in the world, eat, drink and get everything done".
The second is to realize the platform of community management. To carry out the digital reform, we should strengthen the digitalization of community governance, community security and community service, and build a "platform+housekeeper" property service model by building a community intelligent service platform, so as to realize the management service functions such as automatic identity registration (face recognition), epidemic prevention management, information sharing (vegetable price, weather forecast, important notice release, real-time update of public transport system, etc.), parking vehicle guidance in residential areas, parking space sharing in multiple residential areas, and realize fire warning. Through the digital platform, the management efficiency is effectively improved, and the timeliness, fairness and visualization of community management are guaranteed.
The third is to realize the diversification of scene applications. In the future, the nine major scenes of community construction can be built by digital means. Through the joint efforts of online and offline, the nine major scenes are more perfect and convenient to use. The existence of digital platform is more convenient for sharing facilities between communities, coordinating the public resources of the 15-minute convenience living circle, and helping the residents in old communities to improve their quality of life. In addition, there are many middle-aged and elderly people in old communities, which are restricted by objective factors such as age and culture, and their acceptance of smart devices and smart platforms varies. In view of this phenomenon, automatic function and one-button trigger function should be added in the process of wisdom transformation to facilitate the study and use of the elderly.
Problems and countermeasures of future community construction in the transformation of old residential areas
First, it is difficult to approve public buildings. Old residential areas are different from newly developed commercial housing areas. Due to the design concept and construction standards at that time, there are usually problems such as close spacing between buildings and insufficient public supporting facilities. Due to the limited space in the old community and the shortage of land in the old city, it is difficult to find suitable space to build new community public buildings. It is a good choice to demolish, rebuild or rectify the abandoned and inefficient buildings in the old residential area, but at the same time, the planning approval and architectural scheme review of the building are limited by the latest design specifications, so it is difficult to implement.
It is suggested that when the original public buildings in the residential area are demolished and rebuilt, the planning and approval conditions of the building scheme should be relaxed, and the rebuilt buildings should be allowed to be built without exceeding the original building volume or alleviating the adverse effects on the surrounding buildings. Paying attention to the priority of function has an important contribution to the public supporting services of the community, and more than two-thirds of the residents in the community agree that the existing public illegal buildings are allowed to continue to be used, and the property rights belong to the streets, so as to solve the contradiction between actual needs and planning approval.
Second, it is difficult to complete the green space rate index. With the development of economy and society, the living standards of residents are constantly improving, and the extensive use of private cars leads to a serious shortage of parking spaces in residential areas. In order to solve the parking problem, it is an inevitable choice for residents to sacrifice green space to increase parking spaces.
It is suggested that in the review of planning conditions of renovation projects, the requirement of green rate should be appropriately reduced, and the condition of green rate should be added as a supplement, and ecological measures such as vertical greening and roof greening should be encouraged to improve the living environment of residential quarters.
Third, the scene construction space is difficult to land. There are many limited conditions and few public spaces in the organic renewal and transformation of old residential areas. It is suggested that in the future community scene construction, the roof and underground space can be needed, especially the roofs of public bicycle garages and public buildings, and public activity spaces with security can be formed through transformation; It is suggested that more consideration should be given to the utilization of compound space, such as time-sharing classes, setting movable partitions in community auditoriums, and sharing the party building center with conference rooms to increase the utilization rate of public space; It is suggested to use online scene construction to reduce dependence on physical space and facilitate residents’ participation and community management.
The future community construction is the inevitable way to build this beautiful city and an important means to achieve the goal of common prosperity. How to make the old community bid farewell to the old and backward living conditions, rejuvenate and transform into a complete community is an important mission of the future community construction. In the process of organic renovation of old residential areas, we should vigorously promote the concept of future community construction and realize the long-term stability of old residential areas.
Jiang guochao
Senior engineer and registered urban and rural planner of Jiaxing Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., graduated from the Department of Regional and Urban Planning of Zhejiang University. He has been engaged in general planning, special planning, detailed planning and other planning for a long time, and now focuses on the research, planning and scheme design of frontier disciplines such as sponge city construction, old community reconstruction and future community construction, with rich design experience and professional technical ability. Participated in the compilation of the national standard atlas "Design Example of Sponge City Construction" and "Technical Standard for Green Space Construction and Management in Sponge City", and presided over the compilation of the project "Upgrading and Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Nongxiang District of Nanhu District", which has been included in the topic of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and is being applied for the future community in Zhejiang Province.