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In smart car technology, high-level autonomous driving is a difficult problem that major manufacturers and most Internet giants are trying to overcome. Whoever can take the lead in promoting the landing of advanced autonomous driving technology will be able to take the lead in automobile sales. In the high-order autonomous driving technology, the end-to-end model is the most discussed by all parties.

Compared with the previous model, end-to-end seems to have become the only way for advanced autonomous driving. So what is the end-to-end model? What is the development trend of end-to-end model in China? These problems are worthy of people’s attention.

What is an end-to-end model?

Speaking of the end-to-end model, it is natural to be inseparable from the ChatGPT of this year’s fire. ChatGPT itself is an end-to-end model, that is, by inputting words, customers can get the answers they want.

Whether it’s PPT or video, ChatGPT and other big models may spit it out. In this process, the most critical is the AI model. It can gain insight into users’ needs and produce the content they need.

In the field of autonomous driving, the most famous end-to-end model is Tesla’s FSD V12. The input of this model is all kinds of image data obtained by the camera; The output end is the vehicle control instructions, including steering, acceleration and braking. In the middle, it is a big model that Tesla is proud of.

In the scene of end-to-end model, when the vehicle recognizes some traffic signs or encounters various situations, it will automatically judge according to the past learning situation, instead of looking for a solution to this problem in the code according to various preset preconditions like the traditional model.

What are the advantages of the end-to-end model?

In contrast, in the past, the traditional autopilot model was based on the working conditions set by engineers in advance. The choice of driving behaviors, including lane changing, parking and even overtaking, has been set in advance. This will bring two problems:

Autopilot models are becoming more and more complex. Since each module usually only performs one driving behavior, the automatic driving algorithm needs to include the driving behavior of human drivers as much as possible. Therefore, the code of traditional autonomous driving technology usually has hundreds of thousands of lines of code. This will bring higher and higher requirements for the computing power of smart driving chips. Tesla’s FSD V12 has only 2000 lines of code; While FSD V11 has an astonishing 300,000 lines of code.

Unable to solve the long tail condition. No matter how full the preliminary test and certification are, no autopilot algorithm can say that all the long tail conditions are included. Then once you meet a new long tail working condition, it is very likely that traffic accidents will occur and even life injury accidents will occur.

The best case is that the project operated by GM’s Cruise in California encountered various working conditions that had not been encountered in the previous experimental stage at the beginning of its launch, which led to casualties, forcing the California Highway Bureau to suspend the license of Cruise for a time.

Where is the end-to-end difficulty?

To achieve an end-to-end model, there are two main limiting factors: massive data and large computing power. Only with the blessing of these two factors can the end-to-end model land. In order to make the end-to-end model closer to human drivers, its large model often needs to contain hundreds of millions of parameters. Only with more parameters can the driving characteristics and habits of human drivers be better simulated, and the performance of the model will be better. In these two areas, Tesla has a clear first-Mover advantage.

Not long ago, Tesla just got the certification of domestic data security and privacy protection, and was allowed to enter the government department compound. The reason why Tesla didn’t get the relevant recognition before was that the cameras in each car were collecting all kinds of data in real time and uploading them to the server for training the FSD algorithm.

Looking around the world, Tesla’s newly sold models every year are constantly providing data for the FSD V12 algorithm for the latter to continue to optimize learning.

It is worth mentioning that Tesla’s car also has a "shadow mode". It will compare the deviation between the driving behavior of the owner and the driving behavior determined by the automatic driving system, upload the relevant data together, and also optimize the algorithm.

At the same time, in order to be able to calculate the massive data collected, Tesla also needs a supercomputer center. The core of supercomputing center is the large computing power chip. For this reason, Tesla not only bought a large number of NVIDIA H100 chips, but even developed Dojo chips. The unit price of the former is as high as $35,000, while the investment in research and development costs of the latter is hundreds of millions.

For any enterprise, this is not a small expense. Domestic car companies have basically not been able to develop their own large computing chips. NVIDIA H100 chip has already become a product on the export control list of the United States, and it is difficult for domestic car companies to obtain it.

So is it possible to achieve the end-to-end model with massive data and large computing power? The answer is also no.

From the above description, we can find that the end-to-end model is actually a "black box". If there is an error in the model operation, it is actually difficult for researchers to find out what part of the model is wrong and directly adjust the model.

Theoretically, only through more training, or increasing more parameters and trying to adjust some model parameters can we try to solve the problem. Therefore, whether the autopilot model based on end-to-end technology can finally meet the needs of autopilot technology at the safety level is still very uncertain.

Even so, compared with the traditional autopilot model, the advantages of the end-to-end model are very obvious. Especially when solving the long tail condition, the end-to-end model can give play to the incomparable advantages of the traditional autonomous driving technology model. At present, some new car companies, such as Huawei, Tucki, Weilai and Ideality, have started to introduce the end-to-end model in the domestic market.

Aside from Huawei, which has abundant capital, it is a big challenge for new car companies with limited capital accumulation to balance the input and output returns of end-to-end technology. Not to mention, it is not an easy task to buy large computing chips in China at present.

With the high probability of the end of the year, Tesla FSD V12 will enter the domestic market. What changes will take place in the domestic market structure of autonomous driving technology at that time, which deserves people’s attention.

1905 movie network feature Directed by,,,,, and other starring Xianxia fantasy movie was released on January 20, 2024. The film tells the story of the girl Hua Qiangu’s struggle with fate all the way, finally finding herself, and harvesting pure love. The movie continues the original play of the original work, preparing to evoke the memories of the whole people’s pursuit of this master-disciple sadomasochism.

However, the movie version of "Hua Qiangu" has been sluggish since the official announcement. After the movie was released, the box office on the first day was less than 3 million, and the predicted box office was only about 20 million. Audiences who have seen the movie do not buy the quality of the movie, and even call it the first bad movie in 2024. Many people say it is "the first bad year".

In 2015, the TV series "Hua Qiangu" adapted from the novel of the same name, once broadcast, triggered a ratings boom, with popular actors, and set off a "Xianxia fever" across the country. The average audience rating of the TV series broke 2, and the audience share of the finale was as high as 50%. It broke the viewing record of China’s weekly broadcast drama. Why did the movie version "Hua Qiangu" "Love Tribulation" resurface after 8 years but no longer have a good reputation?

What’s wrong with "Hua Qiangu"?

Film critic Wu Yanyu gave her own opinion. From all aspects, she did not feel the sincerity of the film version "Hua Qiangu" as a movie.

The first is that the "Hua Qiangu" IP is basically out of popularity in 2024.

Before 2015, our audience saw more pure fairy fantasy works. At that time, in the form of a fairy and idol, "Flower Qiangu" pioneered the vertical type of "fairy puppet" and became the favorite film and television genre of young audiences at that time. By 2024, the audience had seen too many "fairy puppet" dramas and too many handsome men and beautiful women, so they were not so "cold" for this type of movie.

Secondly, in the casting, the audience was not satisfied with the casting of the male and female protagonists, and was questioned as "not immortal, very down-to-earth".

As a well-deserved protagonist in "Hua Qiangu", when Zhao Liying played this role, she was very smart and immersive, including the blackened performance in the later stage of the series. Zhao Liying could also perform a sense of contrast and bring the role of Hua Qiangu to life. Compared with the TV version of "Hua Qiangu", the make-up of the female protagonist Chen Turin in the film version was not as smart as Zhao Liying back then, and her acting skills were also quite different from Zhao Liying’s.

The image of the male protagonist Baizi painting is a relatively silent, thoughtful immortal, which is very suitable for the image of a relatively cold person. However, the ancient costume shape of Li Chengbin in the film version is too different from the image of Baizi painting in the minds of many audiences.

In addition, because of the length of the movie, the plot progression of the movie version also appears more blunt and sudden.

The relationship between Hua Qiangu and Baizi’s master and apprentice in the film and television drama was described at a long length, from the fact that the two could not fall in love, to the process of the two from the taboo to the final break, the gradual progression of the feelings would make the audience feel so moved.

However, in the movie, these two people broke the principle of "master and disciple taboo" very suddenly. In the movie, Bai Zihua was injured, and Hua Qiangu went to save him. Why did Hua Qiangu save his master? Where did their relationship start to grow? What did Hua Qiangu endure during the process of saving her master? How did the two "blacken"? How did they return to the right track after "blackening"? The movie unfolded in a hurry for more than ten minutes, and the screenwriter of the related plot of the two people’s emotional changes did not explain it, so the audience was also confused.

In the end, the special effects production was also quite shoddy, unable to match the audience’s expectations. Some viewers even commented that "CG network is at a high level, and webcasting is recommended".

A good Xianxia movie definitely has a relatively high threshold in terms of special effects, but judging from the level of special effects in this movie, it seems to be stuck at the same level as five years ago.

Therefore, from the film version of "Hua Qiangu", we can see that the popularity of IP will gradually decline, and the capital boom will gradually subside. If the creators of the film are not attentive, then as the audience said, the film may not really need to appear in the market.

The way out of the drama?

How to successfully create a second-generation film based on the drama version has become a problem that plagues filmmakers. As far as the "drama-to-film" model is concerned, it was very popular in the past few years. It was a pity that they did not achieve good reputation and box office results, and also consumed the trust of subsequent audiences in the entire "drama-to-film" category.

It can be said that it is more difficult to adapt a TV series into a movie than to create a brand new story. Although adaptations have a certain IP effect and have more advantages in publicity and marketing in the later stage, for film creation, adaptations are often constrained by the story of the series, the character setting, the actors and other parties, and the requirements for screenwriters and directors are higher.

Therefore, in order to meet the audience’s expectations, it is best to keep the original starring role in the movie remake project, but you can choose the behind-the-scenes production staff who are more familiar with the rules of film creation. At the same time, for an IP to carry out secondary creation, it must have some dialogue and combination with the current era and the current audience, and treat it with the most sincere and rigorous attitude, in order to make a second creation that is no less influential than its own IP.

The big IP that should have been getting hotter and hotter was getting colder and colder, from the empty alley to the lonely opening. In fact, the era of relying on reputation and attention has passed, and it is ultimately up to filmmakers to create movies with their hearts!

In the beginning of 2017, variety ratings competition was very fierce. The first quarter of the TV variety show CSM52 city audience rating showed that "Happy Comedian 3" ranked first with 1.835%. The second season of "24 Hours" and the second season of "Ace to Ace" followed closely. The network broadcast volume, Ace is indeed Ace, breaking through 2.50 billion and ranking first. Don’t talk nonsense, let’s take a look at this week’s program recommendations. There are new programs, big and small students should like them more.

The Future.

Broadcast platform: Shanghai TV News Comprehensive Channel

Broadcast time: March 11 Every Saturday at 22:30

Highlights: College Debate

The college student debate competition, the author was a child with a rice bowl licking the screen to watch, from introverted to extroverted personality, the program has played a great role. This week finally there is such a program to reappear the rivers and lakes!

"Future Talk – International Youth Scientific Debate" was jointly launched by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Shanghai Radio and Television Station to introduce people’s collective memory of the "National College Debate" in the 1980s. Eight famous university debate teams, including Peking University, Fudan University, Wuhan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, East China Normal University, Nankai University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, and Shenzhen University, held wonderful debates on cutting-edge scientific and technological topics such as artificial intelligence, gene design, and universe exploration. The program specially invited Chu Junhao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a famous physicist, to serve as the general counsel of science.

What is worth debating about cutting-edge technology? What kind of debate can attract the attention of ordinary people? Many people will have this question when they hear a debate program about science.

For example, "Will artificial intelligence replace humans?" Wuhan University and Peking University challenged this debate in the program "Future Says". Wuhan University took the alpha coefficient dog and the robot Xiaobing as examples to explain the superiority of artificial intelligence from various aspects such as intelligence, emotion, and innovation. On the other hand, Peking University took the view that the essence of artificial intelligence is a mathematical model, and it cannot replace human intelligence in core functions such as emotion and creativity as the foundation of its argument and firmly defended it.

In addition, do you accept the "frozen head" to extend life? Is genius born or acquired? Should humans search for aliens? Design genes for future generations, do you accept? Are humans going to migrate to other planets? Are humans evolving or degenerating? A series of sharp scientific debates also made the participating teams reveal their own secret weapons.

Eight schools and eight debate teams also showed their own styles and spiritual outlook. For example, Wuhan University is good at playing team warfare, and the four debaters have distinct personalities but seamless cooperation; Shanghai Jiao Tong University is fearless in the face of danger, and the quick response ability on the scene is impressive; East China Normal University, with three women and one man’s staffing, can be described as tenacious with a soft debate style.

Zhang Qi, a beautiful woman from Wuhan University

During the competition, many star players also emerged. Zhang Qi, a beautiful woman from Wuhan University, called herself "Brother Qi" and was a foodie, but once she was on the debate stage, her combat power instantly exploded, and her speed of speech made people overwhelmed. Huang Shijue, a Malaysian player from Fudan University, although Mandarin is not particularly standard, his expression is particularly rich, and his funny and cold humorous way of speaking makes his debate style stand out, and the audience is full of praise for him.

In the pre-planning process of the program, "Future" invited professional scientific institutions and scientists as program consultants to repeatedly demonstrate the program’s debate topics. In addition, in the semi-finals and finals, in order to ensure more authoritative judgment and more scientific interpretation, the program also specially invited Zhong Yang, dean of the Graduate School of Fudan University, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Life Sciences, deputy dean, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Lu Daru, secretary general of the Shanghai Astronomical Society, and Tang Haiming, a famous popular science scholar at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, to form a scientist jury to make a more accurate evaluation of the views of both sides of the debate.

"The Strongest Brain"

Broadcasting platform: Jiangsu Satellite TV

Broadcast time: Friday 21:10

What to watch: Does "overlapping strokes" require clairvoyant vision?

In the first season of the show, Zheng Caiqian became famous for the "Rubik’s Cube Wall" project. And his opponent Huang Zheng also made a name for himself this season by successfully challenging the "Nail Gallery". Tonight, "Super Fault Finder King" Zheng Caiqian and "Super Eye Youth" Huang Zheng will compete in the "Radar Spotting" project. The two observe two identical radar scatter maps through a dynamic 30 ° viewing angle to find one of the 5,000 scatter points that have been eliminated. What kind of eyes is this!

"Super Fallout King" Zheng Caiqian prepares for battle

The innovation of the "Radar Point Detection" project adopts the competition system of each other’s questions. The strategy and difficulty of the contestants’ questions for each other will directly affect the final competition results. Dr. Wei also said: "As a PK project, the use of strategy is very important. I think they can play strategic warfare." In the first round, Zheng Caiqian, who has rich combat experience, chose the upper peripheral scatter with relatively weak visual system when he asked the question for Huang Zheng. When he asked the question again, he specially found a question similar to the previous area. The use of psychological tactics made Meng Fei, who was watching the battle, tease: "You look like a palace fighting drama."

"Super-Eyed Youth" Huang Zheng challenges the "Radar Detection Point" project.

In 2011, Li Wei teamed up with Wang Feng and others to win the World Memory Championship; five years later, Su Zehe helped the Chinese team regain the World Memory Championship. Tonight, the two-time World Memory Champion will play the stage of "The Strongest Brain". Li Wei, who defeated "Brain Emperor" Malao in international competitions and was named "Super Face Recognition King" for his fast memory face recognition, is about to present his seventh challenge. "Super Face Recognition King" Li Wei will face off against "Brain Magician" Su Zehe, and the two strength fighters will come to challenge the project of overlapping strokes.

In the official duel, the number of overlapping strokes reached 100, and the visual range of the contestants was only 30% of the total area of the pattern. Nonetheless, in order to achieve the "shocking" effect, Professor Robert proposed to increase the difficulty on the spot, reducing the visual range from the original 30% to 20%. The wrong lines in the narrow area made Tao Jingying shout "dazzling". During the game, veteran Li Wei answered very quickly, pressing the answering device frequently, and scoring 3 points first with a repressive victory. In the match point battle, can Su Zehe achieve a shocking "counterattack"?

"Ace to Ace."

Broadcast platform: Zhejiang Satellite TV

Broadcast time: Friday 20:20

Highlights: Chen He and Lou Yixiao staged "The Aftermath of" Love Apartment "

In the summer of 2009, the first installment of "Love Apartment" was officially broadcast, and it quickly became a hit. Chen He, Lou Yixiao and other stars also gained a lot of popularity with characters such as Zeng Xiaoxian and Hu Yifei. In the following years, "Love Apartment" has become almost a standard holiday for young people. Although the director of the series declared the end of the series after the fourth installment of "Love Apartment" ended in 2014, fans who love the show still hope that the original cast can reunite and continue the unfinished story.

"Love Apartment" Reunion Ace

In this episode, Chen He, Lou Yixiao, and Sun Yizhou performed the "postquel" of "Love Apartment" in a rare "fit". At the scene, Chen He once again incarnated as "Zeng Xiaoxian" and hosted "Your Moon My Heart", continuing the relationship with "Hu Yifei" played by Lou Yixiao, while the playboy "Lu Ziqiao" played by Sun Yizhou still loves to play, and the party starts as soon as it debuts, and the scene is extremely lively. In addition to seeing the gold medal CP of "Zeng Xiaoxian" and "Hu Yifei", "Chen Meijia" Li Jinming also appeared in surprise this time, falling in love and killing with "Lu Xiaobu" Sun Yizhou. The familiar scene moved the audience.

"Journey to the West" is one of the most talked about movies during the Spring Festival this year. Lin Gengxin’s alternative Monkey King left a deep impression on the audience, and also reminded many viewers of the previous life of Monkey King in "Journey to the West" 22 years ago – the Supreme Treasure. In this episode, Lin Gengxin directly transformed into the "Supreme Treasure" to pay tribute to Zhou Xingchi, restoring the classic farewell scene at the end of "Journey to the West", while Song Qian and Ma Su played "Zixia Fairy" and "Bai Jingjing" respectively. At the scene, although Lin Gengxin was deeply involved in the "sadomasochistic love" with Song Qian, and even staged a passionate kiss, he could not rest assured that the other person in his heart could only continue to struggle in the dilemma of choice. The scene could be called tearjerker.

"Supreme Treasure" Lin Gengxin

Of course, the old drama team did not show weakness, and there were constant big moves on the scene. Not only Zhang Guoli and Jiang Wenli, the "partners" of "Golden Marriage", continued their relationship, and played the drama of quarreling and compounding. Teacher Wang Gang also improvised a clip of "mourning his deceased wife", and Zhang Tielin played a classic sketch clip of the Spring Festival Gala with Wang Yuan.

Zhang Tielin and Wang Yuan act together

"Mamma Mia."

Broadcasting platform: Oriental Satellite TV

Broadcast time: Saturday 20:30

Highlights: "Internet celebrity most beautiful teacher" thrifty housekeeper praised

The mothers in "Mamma Mia" are actually an update of Chinese family values. The concentrated display of them also allows many viewers to better understand what young people are thinking today.

In this episode, Cheng Yezhi, 51, shares her story of growing up with her son who is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cheng Yezhi, a former prosecutor, now runs a piano shop of her own. Behind the seemingly unrelated career change is a lot of good intentions for her son. "My son is an obsessive-compulsive patient. Although he is 29 years old this year, his mind is only the level of a five or six-year-old child."

Cheng Yezhi

"Internet celebrity female teacher" Yang Qin can be said to have done an excellent job of balancing career and family life. Yang Qin, 30, is an English teacher at a university in Zhejiang Province. After a video of her singing was posted on the Internet by students a while ago, she was nicknamed "the most beautiful woman teacher". In real life, Yang Qin is also a good wife. Yang Qin’s husband is a police detective, and as a police officer’s wife, Yang Qin takes care of the big and small things in the family by himself.

Yang Qin

On the stage, Yang Qin’s husband also spoke from his heart: "I am a policeman, and I can’t take care of my home all the year round. She is the one who carries the family by herself. The furniture she bought is assembled by herself, and the electrical appliances in the house are broken, and she repairs it by herself. This is my luck, my wife is not doing anything at all, and she is not material." Yang Qin said frankly: "Since I am married to a policeman, I will play the role of a woman behind him and take care of my family. Now that I am a mother, I still have a lot to learn, and I will work hard." With this belief and family style, Yang Qin has won the approval of her husband in the family, and she has also received strong support from students in the workplace. On the stage of "Mamma Mia", she will reveal more of her secrets to maintaining a sweet marriage.

"The Wings of Singing"

Broadcasting platform: Jiangsu Satellite TV

Broadcast time: Sunday 21:00

What to watch: Children’s version of "The Voice"

On the morning of March 6, the first national original children’s folk song growth music reality show "Wings of Singing" jointly created by Canxing Production and Jiangsu Satellite TV held a press conference in Jiaxing, where the program was recorded. The program invited Sun Nan, Yi Nengjing and Cai Guoqing to serve as star counselors.

Unlike other adult reality TV shows, the children who come to the show are all under the age of 16. How to cross the age gap and coax children well has also become a test that counselors must face.

When asked what to do when children are acting out and angry, Sun Nan said that at this time, as long as you feel the same as the children, "the children want you to feel the same as him". And Yi Nengjing’s "must-kill skill" is "coquetry". She said that she not only coquettes with her eight-month-old daughter at home, but also coquettes with her 15-year-old son. "I will tell him that my mother has a good son like you, and my mother is really happy."

Cai Guoqing’s patience was obvious to all, and he also commented on himself that "the greatest skill is patience". He was going to use the method of coaxing Qingqing to coax the children, "The children are all singing angels, and they will definitely be moved by their singing." "Dad has sung" 365 Blessings "for you, and Dad has blessed you, you can’t be unhappy."

Three counselors

Sun Nan emphasized that "he will not be judged by the voice of a child or professional standards," but requires "each child’s singing to be in line with his age and latest state." Yi Nengjing also agreed with Sun Nan’s answer, bluntly saying that on the road of cultivating children’s music, they should refuse to be "grown-up", saying that "I don’t want to choose a’singer who copies adults’", but a "little genius" who "sings his own songs, speaks his own words, and shows his talents."

Regarding the little "Easter egg" during the recording – Yi Nengjing’s red, Sun Nan’s counselor represents blue, and talking about the green he represents, Cai Guoqing said that green is "the true color of life" and also represents hope and growth. "Come to this program, every doll is the cutest in my eyes, because my surname is Cai, Counselor Cai, so I want to change my name and change my stage name to’Doll Cai ‘!"

On January 21, Chen Linong, who was on the Spring Festival Gala for the second time, came to the interview room of the Spring Festival Gala. He said that this is the second time to participate in the Spring Festival Gala, and he will still be nervous and excited, but he will have more confidence and confidence.

This Spring Festival Gala, Chen Linong and Jackie Chan, Peng Yuchang, Jiang Yiyi, Guo Junchen, etc. sang a song full of positive energy and youthful "Youth to the Sun". He said that he is a fan of Jackie Chan and often watches his movies. This time, eating with Jackie Chan, rehearsing for the Spring Festival Gala, etc., has a feeling of realizing a dream. Other partners are also very youthful and energetic, and everyone is like him as Jackie Chan’s big brother’s fan brother and fan girl.

Last year, Chen Linong participated in many programs and met many new friends. When he asked whether he had met any friends who had worked together last year in the background of the Spring Festival Gala, he said that he was "angry about this." He mentioned that he was going to see Yin Zheng this time, but because the other party participated in a sketch program, he would keep rehearsing and striving for excellence. As a result, Yin Zheng left after rehearsal, and the two could not meet, so it was a pity.

Regarding the work plan for the new year, he revealed: "If there is no accident, there will be music, there will be film and television, there will be variety shows, and there will be many." Speaking of film and television dramas, he said, "Now any role is a new challenge for me, because I am too new and too white, so I also hope that many seniors, friends, directors, and teachers can teach me, and there will be some guidance to make me progress faster."

When it comes to the customs of his hometown, he finds the most impressive thing is the red envelope. In the past, the elders gave him red envelopes, but now he sends them to the elders. He said that "when I grow up, I think it is appropriate".

Finally, he mentioned "China Red", which he said was a warm, festive, very homey, and a sense of belonging. He also sent blessings to everyone in his hometown dialect, "I wish you all a happy new year and all the best."