"The first step out, the last journey home." With the rapid development of urban construction, elevators have become the most frequently used special equipment in people’s daily life, which is directly related to people’s life safety and quality of life.
How to manage elevator safety? How to calculate the accident dispute? How to protect consumer rights? Recently, following the State Administration of Market Supervision, the reporter started with the implementation of the supervision of safety subject responsibility, conducted research and analysis on the current situation of elevator safety supervision in grass-roots supervision departments, and put forward positive opinions and suggestions.
Exploring elevator "providing for the aged" in the whole life cycle
In Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, more than 2,000 elevators participated in the "endowment insurance". This is in September 2017, under the guidance of the provincial and municipal market supervision departments, Gongshu District pioneered the comprehensive insurance management model of elevator "endowment" and promoted it to elevators outside the house. Up to now, the elevator failure rate in Gongshu District has dropped for the first time in many years, among which the failure rate of insured elevators has dropped by more than 20%, and all the communities on the city’s elevator failure list have achieved "uncapping".
In recent years, with a large number of elevators entering the "aging" era, the demand for maintenance and renewal has increased, resulting in problems such as low quality of maintenance and difficult implementation of funds. "In the past, even replacing elevator parts was very cumbersome and required the consent of more than two-thirds of the residents. The fragmented elevator maintenance service was not only inefficient, but also increased the maintenance cost." Yuan Jianfeng, deputy director of the special department of Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, said that the old elevators not only have safety risks, but also the high cost of overhaul and even replacement has brought pressure to the community and residents.
Through the policy agreement, the elevator "old-age" comprehensive insurance packages the daily maintenance, repair and inspection expenses to the insurance company in the form of premium, and the insurance company supervises the maintenance quality of the elevator maintenance unit, and implements market-oriented management for the repair and replacement of spare parts. When the old elevator needs to be overhauled or replaced after being insured for a certain number of years, the insurance company will bear part of the expenses in proportion, thus diluting the cost of "providing for the aged" of the elevator.
"As the ultimate risk taker, the interests of the insurance company and the owner are highly consistent. After the elevator is insured, the insurance function is changed from post-claim service to pre-risk prevention and in-process risk control, actively relying on the professional technical team to control the elevator operation risk, and at the same time forcing the maintenance unit to improve the service quality, forming ‘ Survival of the fittest ’ The market environment. " Yuan Jianfeng introduced that the regulatory authorities "retreated half a step" from the original all-inclusive management, and introduced insurance mechanism to realize the elevator life cycle management, thus promoting the multi-co-construction and co-governance of government supervision, market operation and public participation, and effectively solving the problem of funds for elevator "minor illness repair" and overhaul.
After the insurance company’s "physical examination" and calculation of the insured elevators, all 23 elevators in Hushu Jiayuan, Gongshu District were insured, and each elevator invested an average annual premium of more than 8,000 yuan. Although this cost is slightly higher than the previous daily maintenance expenditure, in the long run, the owners feel that this account is very cost-effective. Chen Yougen, property manager of Qingshui Apartment in Hushu Street, said that since the insurance company intervened in elevator safety management, the fast payment process was used to solve the financial problem and improve the maintenance efficiency.
Constructing risk sharing insurance mechanism
According to statistics, in the past 15 years, the number of elevators in China has increased by an average of 15% annually, and the death rate of 10,000 elevators has continued to decline. In 2018, there were 31 elevator-related accidents in China, with 28 deaths, and the death rate of 10,000 elevator accidents was close to 0.04. Under the "double pressure" of the sharp increase in the total number of elevators and the increasing number of old elevators year by year, the overall stable safety situation will continue to be maintained.
Elevator safety liability insurance, as a kind of special equipment insurance, mainly covers the liability for compensation for casualties or property losses of third parties caused by accidents in the process of installation, operation, maintenance and inspection of elevators. Article 17 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Safety of Special Equipment clearly stipulates: "The State encourages the insurance of special equipment safety liability insurance."
What practical problems did the elevator liability insurance solve? In Guangdong, which was the first to implement elevator liability insurance, I have a deep understanding of this. "As early as 2009, there was an incident in Guangdong where children left their parents to monitor and blindly climb ladders, which caused a sensation in public opinion. Since then, there have been many accidents in which children took elevators because of wearing hole shoes. In the past, it was necessary to investigate the cause of the accident before they could pay compensation. Often, the injured were not treated in time, and the children were at fault and might not get compensation. This shows that our elevator supervision system must be reformed." Luo Xiangping, deputy director of the special department of the Guangdong Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, said.
"Most elevator accidents occur in the use process, which is closely related to the use management and daily maintenance quality." In 2012, Guangdong initiated the reform of elevator safety supervision system in the whole province, in which it was made clear that the use of elevators was centered on the first responsibility of managers, elevator liability insurance was implemented, and legal enforcement of first liability and first compensation was established. Luo Xiangping told reporters that this changed the parallel position of the legal responsibility of the elevator use manager and the maintenance unit into a vertical position, built a responsibility chain, and played the role of insurance in timely rescue and early resolution of contradictions. "Nowadays, the masses know who to look for when an elevator is in trouble, who to look for when an elevator is trapped, and who to look for when an elevator is in trouble. The social effects of active supervision by elevator owners and passengers are increasingly apparent, which have effectively promoted the implementation of corporate safety main responsibility."
Xia Yong, Director of the Elevator Division of the Special Bureau of the State Administration of Market Supervision, introduced that in recent years, the General Administration has actively and deeply promoted the practice of elevator safety liability insurance. Approve Ningbo and other places to carry out the pilot project of upgrading from pure "insurance" to "insurance+service", promote the code of conduct of maintenance, implement the safety subject responsibility of elevator use management, and strengthen the civil liability relationship between elevator passengers and use managers; Support Nanjing to adhere to the principle of "compensation first" and "small amount of quick payment", so that residents in residential areas no longer have to pay premiums, and establish a "second generation" elevator safety liability insurance for fast settlement of claims.
"In the past, it was precisely because the government was too meticulous in the elevator safety supervision process, which weakened the sense of responsibility of property companies. When installing elevators, it was shoddy and the maintenance was not in place ‘ Sick ’ Problems such as operation are highlighted. " Xia Yong said that elevator safety supervision is now changing to be result-oriented, making full use of market rules to promote elevator liability insurance, and establishing a social insurance mechanism for risk sharing. In the next step, we will continue to encourage all localities to combine their own characteristics and continuously enhance the social security capacity of insurance under the premise of complying with laws and regulations and conforming to insurance principles.
Smart supervision guides science to "prevent disease"
"At present, we are constantly exploring the positive role of elevator safety liability insurance in promoting elevator supervision, and how to apply market means to form a new situation of elevator safety social co-governance with extensive participation." He Yi, the second-level inspector of the Special Bureau of the General Administration of Market Supervision, said.
China is a big country in elevator production and use, and the number of elevators, annual output and annual increment are the highest in the world. By the end of 2018, the number of elevators in use in China had reached 6.28 million, accounting for about one-third of the world total. More and more houses are equipped with elevators, which brings convenience to residents’ lives. However, the use of inferior elevators, faulty elevators and "aged" elevators, as well as the ambiguity of elevator maintenance and management, make elevator safety touch the psychological bottom line of the people again and again, which puts forward higher requirements for elevator safety supervision.
At present, the elevator emergency disposal system oriented to intelligent construction is gradually being established. The market supervision department of Hangzhou makes full use of information technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing. After receiving the alarm that citizens are trapped, the "96333" emergency disposal center locates the faulty elevator in real time through the intelligent rescue electronic map, and the platform directly distributes electronic task sheets to the maintenance units to realize the nearby rescue. In addition, Hangzhou actively promotes elevators equipped with intelligent supervision devices to realize automatic identification, automatic positioning and automatic alarm of trapped people. The information of trapped people in elevators is matched and transmitted to the 96333 platform at the first time, and the average time for rescuers to arrive at the scene is shortened by more than 2 minutes compared with the traditional manual alarm disposal. At present, there are more than 14,000 smart elevators connected to the 96333 platform.
In January this year, Hangzhou also signed the first elevator pension insurance in China. "In the face of the outstanding problems such as the difficulty in implementing the main responsibility for installing elevators in existing houses and the difficulty in long-term follow-up management, we will also explore ‘ Insurance +’ The owner’s autonomous management mode ensures the sustainable operation and use of the installed elevator. " Lu Jianxiang, deputy director of the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, said.
Lu Jianxiang said that in order to meet the needs of elevator safety supervision, Hangzhou promoted elevator insurance, carried out star rating of maintenance units, encouraged the application of advanced technology, and actively strived for elevator legislation. Through the promulgation and implementation of the "Hangzhou Elevator Safety Management Measures", it was stipulated that remote monitoring devices should be used as the standard requirements for newly installed elevators to leave the factory, and real-time risk monitoring and early warning of elevators should be carried out by smart means to achieve the effect of "preventing diseases". "Build a platform with the tangible hand of the government, activate the invisible hand of society to play a role, and then use the magical hand of technology to make the intelligent supervision of elevators benefit millions." (Reporter Guo Jingyuan)
