作者： admin

Hong Xia, an old actress from Shanghai Film Factory, was recently exposed. The heroine of ＂Yangcheng Anshao＂ is now 91 years old and in excellent health.

Original DJ Yaqing DJ Yaqing

The Secret Whistle of Yangcheng is a thrilling feature film shot by Shanghai Haiyan Film Studio in 1957. The film is based on a real case. Lu Jue is the director and Zhao Huanzhang is the deputy director. After the film was released, it became one of the most popular films in 1957. I think the most important reasons are probably two points. One is that the suspense of the film is set very well. In the ups and downs of the plot, the unexpected suspense is skillfully arranged in it, which has played a fascinating and gripping artistic effect.

Another reason is the star effect.

The actor who plays the leading actor Wang Lian in the film is Feng Zhe. He was one of the most influential movie stars in the film studio that year. Previously, he had made outstanding performances in films such as "War in the North", "People in Huaishang" and "flying tigers". Feng Zhe is handsome in appearance and elegant in temperament, and belongs to the standard image of a handsome man. And his performance in "Yangcheng Anshao" is natural, vivid and simple, which shows Wang Lian’s composure, wit and calmness.

In addition, "Yangcheng anshao" also brought together a large group of superb old opera bones from Shanghai Film Factory. For example, Di Fan, who plays the female spy Babu, Xia Ma, Liang Ming, who plays the female spy Mei Yi, Ling Yun, who plays the fairy, Han Tao, who plays Chen Baizhi, and Huanqing Li, who plays Li Xiuying, all have outstanding performances in the film. Up to now, Di Fan’s graceful posture and Liang Ming’s sly eyes remain in the hearts of fans.

So, who plays the heroine and female scout Liang Ying in "Yangcheng Underguard"? She is now 91-year-old Hongxia.

Speaking of Hongxia, maybe many young fans are not very familiar with her. After all, she was not the most famous actress in the star-studded studio. Compared with poplars, Zhang Ruifang, Qin Yi, Shang Guanyunzhu and Wang Danfeng, her representative works are not too many.

However, what we don’t know is that at the beginning of the establishment of Shanghai Film Factory, Hongxia was once one of Hua Dan, who was mainly trained by Shanghai Film Factory. Her pretty image and pure temperament make her the first choice for leading ladies in many films.

So, for so many years, where did Hongxia, the former "beautiful young girl", go? What about her physical condition and mental state now?

Today, let’s follow Yaqing and go to the Actors’ Troupe of Shanghai Film Factory to find out.

Hongxia is from Hebei. My ancestral home is Raoyang, Hebei. She was born in Beijing in 1931. Her original name was Hong Wenxia. She has shown great acting talent since she was a child. At the age of 13, he was selected by the Academy of Film and Art for his excellent imitation ability and began to learn acting. In 1945, Hong Xia, who was only 14 years old, played a bit part in the movie "Hunjianglong Li Jun". This is her first time on the screen.

In 1947, Hongxia came to Shanghai and began to emerge in the Shanghai film circle. She has played roles in films such as Where is the Spring Return, The Mute Wife, The Uncaged Spring, Unity of Hearts, Corrosion, etc. Although they all play supporting roles. However, she has learned too much performance experience from Wang Renmei, Zhao Dan and other predecessors, and at the same time, she has shown some ability to shape roles.

After the founding of New China, Hongxia became a member of the actor troupe of Shanghai Film Factory. She was positioned as an "innocent girl", and played Xiaoyu in My Life directed by Shi Hui, Li Keng in There’s a Family directed by Sang Hu and Shangmei in Sister Stand Up directed by Chen Xihe. Her performance is very vivid, which vividly shows the industriousness and simplicity of the daughters of poor families.

And she really took the lead, which was filmed 65 years ago in "Yangcheng AnShao". Hongxia was 26 years old this year, in her prime, and her acting skills tended to be mature and steady. She devoted herself to the creation of the heroine Liang Ying with an extremely mental state. In the end, with the natural and clever performance, the audience was presented with the image of a gentle but determined female scout, which was unforgettable.

At the same time, her cooperation with the famous actress Feng Zhe in the film is also very tacit. The two men established a deep friendship. Since then, whenever I talk about Feng Zhe, Hongxia feels deeply regretful, even saying that he left too early.

At that time, Hongxia’s face value was also at its peak, and her beautiful face, Zhou Zheng’s facial features and refreshing hairstyle all revealed elegance and gentleness. After the release of "The Assault of Yangcheng", the audience remembered not only Feng Zhe, Di Fan, Liang Ming and other actors, but also Hongxia, a beautiful Hua Dan.

In 1958, Hongxia starred in two films, one was A Well-off Family, with Han Fei as the leading actor and heroine. One is "Who is the Abandoned Man", with Li Wei as the leading actor and heroine. Among them, "Who is the Abandoned Man" may be relatively more familiar to everyone. It tells the story of an urban youth who was corroded by bourgeois ideas, and in order to win the favor of beautiful girls in big cities, he did not hesitate to abandon the countryside to get a wife. Hongxia plays the beautiful and generous city girl Chen Zuoqin.

Her appearance in the film is very beautiful and full of vigor and vitality. And she showed a clear love and hate, which left a very unforgettable impression on everyone. After the film was released, it caused quite a stir. Hongxia also has more fans.

Since then, as the main actress of Shanghai Film Studio, she has also appeared in films such as The Veteran’s Biography, Nie Er, Moyadai, Family Problems, Sons, Grandsons and Seeds, and created images of female tractor drivers, housewives, Dai women, factory women and farm women.

After entering the 1980s, Hongxia, who is over half a century old, once again ushered in her golden period of creation. Although she is no longer a "beautiful young girl" at this time, she has no sense of disobedience in transforming into a "screen aunt". She successively played the wife of an old horse in They and They, Tang Lihua in The Blue Archives, Gu Dajie in Wait for the Red Leaves on the Mountain, Chen Dajie in July, Wang Ersao in Fourth-class Station, and her mother-in-law in The Boyfriend of the Director-General, all of which left us very unforgettable.

Since 1988, after retirement, Hongxia has rarely appeared on the screen again. So where has she been all these years?

In fact, Hongxia has never gone far. She has always been in Shanghai, and she has always been a member of the actor troupe of Shanghai Film Factory. I remember that Yaqing mentioned Hongxia in an article before. The old man also left me a message in the background of the media through a private letter, expressing his heartfelt thanks to Yaqing. At that time, I was really surprised and moved. Because I didn’t expect that an old man close to ninety years old would be so considerate. But also surf the internet, and the elderly are well aware of the media that young people prefer. It is really admirable.

Aunt Hongxia is 91 years old this year. Recently, we saw her again in the activities organized by the actors’ troupe of Shanghai Film Factory. It’s been a long time. It’s really rare. What is even more rare is that the elderly are not only in good health, but also in a very good mental state. In order to take part in this activity, the old man specially made a hairstyle and put on beautiful clothes. He was also clear-headed about the questions raised by the current head of delegation, Tong Ruixin, and was ready to answer questions and laugh.

Ya Qing is very happy to see the teacher Hongxia with white hair now. I’m glad to see her again after 65 years of the release of "Yangcheng Underguard", happy for her health, happy for the warm smile on her face, and happy for her happiness and smoothness. I think all the friends who like old movies are in the same mood as Yaqing at the moment, right?

So, do you remember Miss Hongxia? Do you still remember her beautiful appearance in the movies such as "Yangcheng Underguard" and "Who is the Abandoned Man"? Welcome everyone to interact with more fans through the message area. I’m Yaqing. Thank you again for your attention. Friends remember to like, collect and share. "Open the memory and relive the classics", Yaqing will be here every day to spend a good time with everyone. I’ll see you tomorrow.

Original title: "Hong Xia, an old actress from Shanghai Film Factory, was recently exposed, and the heroine of" Yangcheng Anshao "is now 91 years old and in great health."

Read the original text

Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment cracked a serious transnational smuggling crime case.

　　Zhongxin. com Chongzuo December 29th (Liang Peng)
Recently, Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment cooperated closely with the relevant police types and departments of local public security organs and successfully destroyed a mega-transnational smuggling gang.

　　According to reports, the case lasted for 11 months, and 15 times of network-closing operations were carried out. A total of 26 criminal cases that hindered the management of the country (border) were detected, 43 organized transporters were arrested, 6 criminal gangs were destroyed, and 4 transit dens were destroyed; Investigated and dealt with 13 administrative cases, and seized 24 citizens who attempted to sneak into China, 39 foreigners with "three evils", seized 25 vehicles involved, and imposed an administrative fine of 296,000 yuan.

Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment cracked a serious transnational smuggling crime case.

　　The picture shows the police carrying police dogs to guard and arrest in the wild. Photo courtesy of Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment

　　On October 30, 2022, the Longzhou Border Management Brigade of Chongzuo Border Management Detachment dug deep according to the clues and found that the overseas snakehead "Anong" and the China border "snakehead" Ling Moumou colluded with each other to organize people to sneak into the border, and a cross-border criminal gang surfaced.

　　On December 29th, 2022, the task force got the clue that Ling Moumou would accept the employment of overseas "snakeheads" again, and planned to transport China nationals to sneak out of the country from the border of Binqiao Township, Longzhou County, Guangxi. After research, the task force decided to crack down on the gang, and arrested eight China citizens who tried to sneak out of the country in Longzhou County and Jiangzhou District of Chongzuo City, and arrested the organizer Ling Moumou and three transport drivers.

Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment cracked a serious transnational smuggling crime case.

　　The picture shows that the task force is conducting a case study. Photo courtesy of Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment

　　After the gang branch was destroyed, the smuggling activities in Longzhou border were still active, and the overseas "snakeheads" continued to contact other "snakeheads" in China to organize others to smuggle, which was related to the clues of the previous cases. The task force comprehensively sorted out the organizational structure of the criminal gang by repeating the case and analyzing the case, and at the same time deepening the trial of the case.

　　From January to February, 2023, the task force successively carried out several centralized net-collecting operations in Longzhou County, and successively arrested 17 organized transporters, and seized one batch of four foreign "three illegal" people and two batches of four China nationals.

　　The network-closing operation cut off most branches of the smuggling gang, and the border smuggling situation in Longzhou County, Guangxi has eased. In order to completely cut off the smuggling passage, the task force cooperated with the relevant police of Longzhou County Public Security Bureau to dig deep into the clues of the case, investigate suspicious personnel, and continue to find out the members of the gang. From mid-May to early June 2023, the task force organized a gang fight at the border of Longzhou County.
In the "Clearing the Belt" operation, nine gang members, including Gu Mou, were arrested, and seven batches of "three non-"foreigners were arrested.

Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment cracked a serious transnational smuggling crime case.

　　The picture shows that the task force captured two "snakeheads" of the smuggling gang. Photo courtesy of Guangxi Chongzuo Border Management Detachment

　　After more than ten times of centralized network collection, all members of the gang were arrested, and the task force continued to intensify its crackdown to hunt down suspects who had not arrived. On September 11th, Zhuangmou, a key member, was forced by the pursuit pressure of the task force and took the initiative to surrender to the Longzhou Border Management Brigade. So far, the domestic network structure of the gang was destroyed in one fell swoop.

　　Up to now, among the 57 suspects arrested in this series of cases, 28 have been transferred to the procuratorate for public prosecution, 17 have petitioned the procuratorate for approval of arrest, 7 have been released on bail pending trial, 3 have been released due to insufficient evidence, and 2 have been released after taking criminal compulsory measures without subjective intention. In addition, 13 illegal immigrants were administratively punished in this case; Of the 37 foreigners arrested, 36 were deported after being punished according to law, and one was criminally punished for illegally entering the country twice in one year. (End)

　

[Editor in charge:

]

Full-bed 6-person research guarantee rate is 100%!

All ashore, not one less!

Recently, six students from the same dormitory of the School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China collectively participated in the postgraduate study. During the undergraduate study, 406 Dormitory was "brilliant"-the average credit score was as high as 4.14, and it won 19 scholarships and 50 honors above the university level … They helped and encouraged each other for four years, and finally six students were sent to Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, xidian university, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and north university of china respectively.

Learning is a common interest without "volume"

Teenagers’ dreams are not limited to their hearts, but also to their actions.

From the first day when six students moved to the dormitory, learning became everyone’s common interest.

The six seats in the middle of the first row of the class will always be the "exclusive seats" of the 406 dormitory. Helping each other to occupy seats is not only the first stop of the friendship between six people, but also the last class of the university.

After school, six people in the dormitory go to the library together, rain or shine. In the final review stage, everyone will be the "review teacher" of a course, sorting out the key points of the exam and explaining the difficulties of the course for everyone.

"There are always classmates who say that our dormitory is too’ rolled’, but it is not. Learning is really the common interest of all six of us." Gao Lei, who was sent to xidian university, said.

Cooperation is the key to all employees’ research.

Science and technology competition is an important part of the road to research. Although six people in the 406 dormitory belong to different teams, the dormitory has become everyone’s "support group".

Wang Xuetong, who was sent to Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, is good at three-dimensional modeling, and other related problems encountered in project construction can be solved when they are brought back to the dormitory. At the same time, dormitory members often share competition information in the group, and everyone needs what they want, which has become an important weight for the success of the research in the future.

No victory is easy to come by. Although six students in the dormitory rank among the top ten in their majors, they are still somewhat "confused" when faced with the choice of medical insurance, master’s degree and master’s degree in engineering.

At critical moments, six people often analyze everyone’s "situation" in the form of meetings and collect information from all sides. Especially in the school selection stage of Baoyan Foreign School, when only Wang Xuetong didn’t receive the admission notice, all the dormitory members went into battle and actively recommended it to teachers in different universities, and finally got the admission notice from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications just before the system was closed.

In the end, two members of the dormitory, Wang Wentao and Chen Haowen, landed in north university of china, and four members, Gao Lei, Wang Xuetong, Wang Yukun and Ma Xin, were sent to xidian university, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing Institute of Technology and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics respectively.

Cherish, friendship will last forever.

Baoyan is not a process of fighting alone, but a process of mutual achievement. Strong friendship has become a "catalyst" on their road to baoyan.

After four years of living together, although everyone is full of expectations for the future, they are still reluctant.

"It’s rare to meet such a roommate!" Ma Xin, who was sent to Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said with emotion, "We have the same attitude towards learning and entertainment-we are fully engaged in learning and enjoy playing!"

There is also an interesting agreement that has been adhered to in the 406 dormitory, that is, every time someone with a higher scholarship will invite someone with a lower scholarship to dinner.

Soon, everyone will go to different colleges and universities for further study, and they have made an agreement, hoping to have a meal at everyone’s school, so as to make this hard-won friendship continue.

Gathering is a fire, scattering is all over the sky.

The days of struggle together are the most shining memories of these six North American students in their youth. With the school motto of "knowing what to do", they will help each other in the same boat and cut the waves, and they will certainly take each other’s blessings to a brighter future. (Image courtesy of north university of china)

Focus on the ＂big topic＂ of enterprise annuity in many ways, and the ＂second pillar＂ of providing for the aged has a broad space to expand and speed up.

　　"At present, the development of enterprise annuity faces great opportunities, ‘ Fourteenth Five-Year Plan ’ The plan has been clearly put forward ‘ Improve the coverage rate of enterprise annuity ’ . At the same time, the state will continue to promote the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance for employees, which will create a broader space for the future development of enterprise annuities. " Gan Weimin, secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Ping An Pension Insurance Company, said at a seminar held in Beijing a few days ago that Ping An Pension Insurance participated in and witnessed the continuous growth of the scale of China’s enterprise annuity funds, the gradual expansion of the coverage population and the increasingly rich investment varieties, as the earliest annuity trustee in China and the first enterprise annuity plan in China.

　　Enterprise annuity is called the "second pillar" of providing for the aged. Relevant data show that by the end of the third quarter of this year, the accumulated fund scale of enterprise annuity in China has exceeded 3 trillion yuan. Experts said that establishing an enterprise annuity plan and deeply participating in the construction of China’s multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system are important manifestations of enterprises’ active practice of social responsibility, and also help enterprises to carry out human resources management more efficiently.

　　The accumulated fund of enterprise annuity exceeds 3 trillion yuan.

　　The development of enterprise annuity in China has a long history. In 2004, the Trial Measures for Enterprise Annuity was issued, and the word enterprise annuity was formally put forward, which marked the official start of the market-oriented operation of enterprise annuity in China and opened the way for the standardized, professional and market-oriented operation of supplementary endowment insurance funds in China.

　　At present, the institutional framework of China’s multi-level and multi-pillar pension system has been completed. Statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security show that by the end of the third quarter of 2023, the national accumulated enterprise annuity fund had reached 3,115.9 billion yuan, a fourfold increase compared with a decade ago, and 138,700 enterprises had established enterprise annuities, with the total number of employees exceeding 30 million.

　　According to the data of Ping An Pension Insurance, as of June 2023, the entrusted business of Ping An Pension Insurance annuity exceeded 700 billion yuan, and the entrusted service of annuity has covered 33 agents, 36 first-class central enterprises and nearly 28,000 enterprises in all provinces, cities and regions of China.

　　Since the beginning of this year, China’s investment market has fluctuated, but judging from the performance of enterprise annuity funds, in the first three quarters of 2023, the weighted average return rate of national enterprise annuity funds still achieved positive returns, with a return rate of 1.45%. More than one-third of the enterprise annuity fund portfolio returns are in the range of 1% to 2%. "Annuity fund investment has withstood the test of several ups and downs in the capital market, achieved the goal of maintaining and increasing value, and achieved many achievements." Gan Weimin said.

　　The attention of enterprise employees is rising.

　　Experts attending the meeting said that from the data point of view, in terms of investment return rate, the personal account accumulation model was adopted, and the weighted average investment return rate of enterprise annuity in the past decade was 6.35%; In terms of pension replacement rate, the current enterprise annuity can provide a replacement rate of more than 20% under the assumption of monthly installment.

　　As the first enterprise to establish an enterprise annuity plan in China and get the approval of the former Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Zhang Haochen, director of global employee welfare of Lenovo Group, introduced the new trend of employees’ understanding and recognition of enterprise annuity in recent years. With the increasing number of participants, the portraits of participating groups have also changed.

　　It is worth noting that Lenovo Group has created a variety of risk-preference investment portfolios in the operation of enterprise annuity. Therefore, Ping An Pension Insurance, on the basis of full investigation on the personnel structure of Lenovo Group, sets up investment portfolios with different risk characteristics under the plan to meet the diversified needs of employees, and selects the most suitable investment management institution for investment management under different investment strategies. At the same time, establish a differentiated investment performance comparison benchmark and a long-term investment assessment mechanism to ensure the long-term stability of planned investment operation.

　　In this regard, Zhang Haochen also talked about the increasing enthusiasm of employees to participate in annuity management. When the investment market fluctuates, employees will also be more inclined to express their opinions on investment choices. In order to adapt to Lenovo employees’ self-selection mode and help employees better understand their own risk preferences and portfolio characteristics, Ping An Pension Insurance cooperated with Lenovo Group to hold investor education seminars for employees on a regular basis. During the recent self-selection opening period, nearly 6,000 employees completed the portfolio conversion by themselves, and realized zero mistakes and zero complaints in self-selection work.

　　Experts are optimistic about the prospect of enterprise annuity expansion

　　Compared with the participation scale of urban workers’ basic endowment insurance, the coverage of enterprise annuity is not high at present. The third pillar of personal pension is still being promoted, and the national awareness of old-age care still needs to be stimulated.

　　From the perspective of social cognition, it is increasingly becoming a social consensus to develop a multi-level and multi-pillar pension system. According to a set of survey data shared by industry experts, 88.6% of the respondents believe that their future retirement income sources must include the national basic pension; 20% of the respondents believe that there is only a national pension; 24.8% of the respondents expect that their income after retirement will include enterprise annuity. In addition, the proportion of respondents who chose banking savings products, insurance products and securities products was 34.4%, 29.2% and 19.9% respectively.

　　Dong Keyong, secretary-general of the 50-member Forum on Pension Finance and professor of the School of Public Administration of China Renmin University, said that under the background of aging population, the full coverage, adequacy and sustainability that the pension system hopes to achieve can not be achieved only by pay-as-you-go or complete accumulation.

　　He believes that establishing an enterprise annuity plan and deeply participating in the construction of China’s multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system are important manifestations of enterprises’ active practice of social responsibility and help enterprises to carry out human resources management more efficiently. Through the establishment of enterprise annuity plan, on the one hand, enterprises can enjoy preferential tax policies and enrich the employee welfare system at a relatively lower cost. On the other hand, it can effectively benefit the workers, help the employees of this enterprise to cope with the risk of fluctuation of the replacement rate of basic old-age insurance, and enhance the sense of acquisition, happiness and security of retired employees’ lives.

　　Gan Weimin said that Ping An Pension Insurance will continue to aim at "becoming the leading pension asset management institution in China", continuously improve its professional ability, accumulate management experience, strengthen its own entrusted management and risk control capacity system, and strive to create greater and more value for all clients, including Lenovo, and continuously contribute to the "peace force" for the future happy retirement of employees.

Expanding domestic demand, stabilizing economy and protecting people’s livelihood

　　editorial comment/note

　　At present, the phased results of epidemic prevention and control in China have been further consolidated, important progress has been made in resuming work and production, and the economic and social operation order has been accelerated. At the same time, the international epidemic continued to spread, the downside risks of the world economy intensified, and the unstable and uncertain factors increased significantly. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in the face of the severe and complicated international epidemic and the world economic situation, we should adhere to the bottom line thinking and make ideological preparations and work preparations for coping with external environmental changes for a long time. Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, held on April 17th, made it clear that the strategy of expanding domestic demand should be firmly implemented to safeguard the overall situation of economic development and social stability. In order to further understand the important role of expanding domestic demand in coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, the Economics edition specially invited three experts and scholars today to analyze the current macroeconomic situation and deeply interpret the strategy of expanding domestic demand.

　　Jiabin

　　Liu Shijin, Deputy Director of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Economic Commission

　　Han Baojiang, Director of Economics Department of Central Party School

　　Liu Yuanchun, Vice President of China Renmin University

　　host

　　Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Yan Chen Heng

　　Shijin liu

　　Han Baojiang

　　Wenchun Liu

　　Portrait: Lu Chongguang’s painting

　　1. Fully grasp the total demand situation and accurately understand the significance of expanding domestic demand.

　　Moderator: According to the economic data of the first quarter released by the National Bureau of Statistics, affected by the epidemic, although the economic growth rate of China in the first quarter decreased by 6.8% year-on-year, the decline of major economic indicators in March was obviously narrowed, and the pace of economic recovery was accelerated. Excuse me, how do you view the current macroeconomic situation in China?

　　Liu Shijin:This economic downturn is due to an unexpected super external shock, rather than problems such as serious shortage of demand and excessive leverage in the economy. It is different from the financial or economic crisis. Under the external impact of the epidemic, economic recovery depends on two factors, one is the duration of the epidemic, and the other is the degree of production capacity damage. If the epidemic lasts for a short time and the production capacity is limited, a V-shaped rebound can occur after the epidemic; If the epidemic lasts for a long time, or the production capacity is seriously damaged, it is not so easy to rebound. Therefore, in addition to controlling the epidemic as soon as possible, the short-term policy focuses on minimizing the damage to production capacity and protecting productivity. Judging from the data in March, the signs of economic recovery are obvious.

　　In this case, I think we should adopt the evaluation method of "relative growth rate" to examine China’s economic growth, that is, use the ratio or difference between China’s growth rate and the world average growth rate to evaluate China’s economic growth. The basic background of this method is that China’s economy has been integrated into the global economy to a great extent, and the impact of this epidemic is also global. Compared with the past, if this ratio or difference is stable or rising, it shows that China’s economic performance is good, and vice versa. For example, in 2019, the average growth rate of the world economy was 2.9%, that of China was 6.1%, and the relative growth rate was 3.2%; If the world’s growth rate is -2.5% and China’s is 3% in 2020, our absolute growth rate will decrease, but the relative growth rate will increase to 5.5%, then China’s economic performance will be excellent. In a word, we should treat the current economic development of China comprehensively and dialectically.

　　Liu Yuanchun:The economic downturn caused by the epidemic is completely different from the general economic crisis and financial crisis. In epidemics such as infectious diseases, economic activities are almost completely at a standstill due to personnel isolation, and the complete industrial chain breaks into a single enterprise, and products, elements and funds cannot flow normally. Therefore, in a short period of time, the economic decline caused by the epidemic is often more severe than the economic recession caused by the financial crisis. But for the economy, the epidemic is a typical exogenous systemic shock, and the resulting economic downturn is also exogenous. For example, the decline caused by the epidemic is like an emergency in the economy, while the economic crisis is more like a chronic disease caused by bad living habits. Therefore, as long as the epidemic situation can be quickly controlled and the emergency can be quickly cured, the economy may achieve rapid recovery. On the whole, although China’s economy has been severely hit by the epidemic, the basic conditions and factors supporting the long-term improvement of the economy have not changed, the trend of industrial upgrading and rapid growth of new kinetic energy has not changed, and the economic and social operation order is accelerating recovery and continuing to improve.

　　Moderator: Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, held on April 17th, made it clear that the strategy of expanding domestic demand should be firmly implemented and the expansion of domestic demand should be placed in a more important position. If we want to make a comprehensive analysis of total supply and total demand, what kind of total demand situation are we facing at present? What is the significance of putting forward the strategy of expanding domestic demand?

　　 Liu Yuanchun:According to the data of the first quarter and March, China suffered a severe total supply shock and total demand shock during the epidemic, but since March, the total demand has rebounded moderately. With the epidemic basically under control, the main macroeconomic contradiction is changing from a big impact on both supply and demand to a lack of total demand. In March, the resumption of work and production progressed smoothly, and the supply side started relatively quickly. Comparatively speaking, the recovery of demand side was relatively slow, and insufficient total demand was the main factor restricting the rapid economic recovery.

　　Specifically, the impact on consumer demand is the most obvious, 1-mdash; In March, the total retail sales of social consumer goods decreased by 19.0% year-on-year, but the decline in March was 1-mdash; It narrowed by 4.7 percentage points in February; In terms of investment demand, the epidemic has led to a rapid decline in fixed assets investment in China, which is gradually recovering. Compared with the same period of last year, although the fixed assets investment in the three major industries has dropped significantly, the growth rate of fixed assets investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing and Internet companies is significantly higher than that of the whole society. During the epidemic, more advanced technologies were widely used and the industrial structure of fixed assets investment was further optimized. In terms of net export demand, the accumulated trade surplus in the first quarter decreased by 80.6% compared with the same period of last year, but the foreign trade import and export in March was 1-mdash; In February, there was a significant improvement from the previous month.

　　The central government’s proposal to firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand is conducive to maintaining the basic stability of total demand. Insufficient aggregate demand is the main problem facing the macro-economy at present, and the basic stability of aggregate demand is conducive to the stable development of macro-economy. At present, on the one hand, it is necessary for the whole industrial chain to resume production, on the other hand, it is necessary to prevent the second shutdown due to no orders and no demand after the resumption of production. In the current situation that foreign trade has not declined in an all-round way, there is a good window to boost domestic demand and prepare for shock prevention in advance, which must not be missed.

　　At present, the epidemic is spreading around the world, and the global value chain is facing a severe risk of breakage. If this situation lasts for a long time and the external demand is insufficient for a long time, it will pose a threat to the integrity of China’s industrial chain. Expanding domestic demand is conducive to maintaining domestic production capacity, maintaining the integrity and smoothness of the domestic industrial chain and creating favorable conditions for rapid economic recovery. In addition, the strategy of expanding domestic demand can not only achieve the goal of macroeconomic stability, but also guarantee the basic livelihood of grassroots people in many ways, which is conducive to maintaining the basic stability of society.

　　Han Baojiang:From the economic development history since China’s reform and opening up, the strategy of expanding domestic demand is an effective way to deal with the impact of the crisis. In 1997, in response to the impact of the Asian financial crisis on exports and utilization of foreign capital, the central government proposed "expanding domestic demand and strengthening infrastructure construction", which played an important role in minimizing the impact of the Asian financial crisis and achieving rapid and healthy economic development in China. After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, the central government made a strategic decision to deal with the impact of the crisis by expanding domestic demand, and launched a 4 trillion package of economic stimulus policies. China’s economy quickly realized a V-shaped rebound, which not only played an important role in completing the economic development goals at that time, but also made up for the shortcomings of economic and social development to a great extent by investing in infrastructure and ten strategic industries. At present, in response to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the central government has made a strategic decision to expand domestic demand, not only to better hedge the external demand that has fallen sharply due to the spread of the epidemic in the world, but more importantly, to safeguard the safety of the domestic industrial chain and supply chain and to maximize the stable development of China’s real economy. By expanding investment demand, it is also conducive to speeding up the shortcomings of unbalanced and uncoordinated development and laying a solid foundation for future economic and social development.

　　By expanding domestic demand and providing more demand space for the products or services produced by enterprises to achieve a "thrilling leap", more enterprises can survive and employment, finance and people’s livelihood can be guaranteed. Moreover, to expand domestic demand, especially investment demand, there are long-term "strategic" considerations: not simply to let enterprises "survive", but also to focus on meeting the new industrial revolution, cultivating new development momentum, and increasing investment in new technologies, new industries and new business models; Focus on maintaining the relatively complete manufacturing advantages of China’s industrial chain, and increase investment in the shortcomings and weaknesses of the industrial chain in order to win a better future.

　　Liu Shijin:To cope with the impact of the epidemic and achieve steady growth, the current policy focus must be on stabilizing consumption. In the past, when we encountered economic downturn, our first thought was to expand investment demand, especially infrastructure investment, which was related to the economic structure and the growth stage at that time. For example, in 2008, in response to the impact of the international financial crisis, a 4 trillion stimulus plan was implemented. At that time, in the GDP increment calculated by the expenditure method, investment accounted for 62.8%, consumption accounted for 42.5%, and investment accounted for more than consumption, so the demand stimulus was mainly to expand investment demand. By 2019, in the GDP increment calculated by the expenditure method, the proportion of investment has dropped to 17.2%, the proportion of consumption has risen to 66.9%, and the proportion of household consumption has reached 49.5%. The proportion of consumption is far greater than that of investment, which shows that the key to steady growth at this stage should be to stabilize consumption, especially household consumption.

　　2. New opportunities, new features and new requirements for expanding domestic demand strategy.

　　Moderator: Focusing on the strategy of expanding domestic demand, the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party held on April 17th made arrangements from many aspects, such as stimulating consumption and investment, and promoting people’s livelihood security. What impact will these measures have on enterprises and individual residents?

　　Han Baojiang:The strategy of expanding domestic demand will bring many opportunities to enterprises. Expanding residents’ consumption and increasing public consumption will stimulate the demand for "high-quality necessities", such as health care, culture and entertainment, tourism and leisure, low-carbon ecology and other industries, which will usher in new and greater development space. The state will increase its investment in "new infrastructure", which is not only of great benefit to many enterprises directly related to "new infrastructure", but also can more effectively promote the development of traditional industries such as steel, cement and construction. Therefore, enterprises should closely follow the national policies and find and seize the development opportunities that suit them.

　　The positive impact of the strategy of expanding domestic demand on individual residents mainly comes from the policies closely related to the production and life of ordinary people, such as ensuring employment, ensuring basic livelihood, encouraging residents’ consumption and increasing the transformation of old residential areas. For example, under the impetus of relevant policies, enterprises’ efforts to reduce prices and promote sales will bring cheap goods and "consumer surplus" to consumers, the state encourages automobile consumption and other policies to bring new "demand satisfaction" to consumers with corresponding needs, and the transformation of old communities will directly improve the living and living quality of residents.

　　 Liu Yuanchun:It will have a significant positive impact on the development of enterprises. China is in the stage of rapid development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and the investment demand potential is still huge. Judging from the published fiscal policy, effective investment will be actively expanded in the future, including the renovation of old residential areas, strengthening investment in traditional infrastructure and new infrastructure, and expanding investment in strategic emerging industries. These measures have increased the support for private capital to participate in projects in key areas, which is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of private investment. Enterprises, especially the vast number of private and small and medium-sized enterprises, should seize the opportunity and expand their own development space. On April 17th, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party proposed "supporting enterprises to export to domestic market" and supporting some foreign trade production capacity to domestic market, which is also the breakthrough point for enterprises to adapt to positive macro policies and promote their own development. The benefits of individual residents in the strategy of expanding domestic demand are direct and concrete. Judging from the policies that have been promulgated, it can directly enhance the purchasing power of residents and improve the living standards of special groups.

　　Moderator: What macro-policy measures are usually adopted to expand domestic demand? What are the new features of the current domestic demand expansion strategy compared with the previous domestic demand expansion policy?

　　Han Baojiang:The macro-policy measures to expand domestic demand are mainly proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. At present, the requirements of the central government are: the proactive fiscal policy should be more active and promising, and some measures and requirements have been put forward, such as improving deficit ratio, issuing special anti-epidemic bonds, increasing special bonds of local governments, and improving the efficiency of fund use, so as to give greater play to the role of proactive fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy; A prudent monetary policy should be more flexible and appropriate, including the use of RRR cuts, interest rate cuts, refinancing and other means to maintain a reasonable and abundant liquidity, guide the interest rate in the loan market to fall, and use funds to support the real economy, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and so on.

　　Some supply-side structural reform policies, industrial policies and social policies aimed at improving the quality of China’s economic development and improving labor productivity and total factor productivity have also been added to the policy of expanding domestic demand. These policy measures have jointly formed a "policy combination boxing" with China characteristics, which is also a policy system to realize the modernization of China’s economic governance. There are still many specific measures to expand domestic demand, and at present, there are still many tools in our policy toolbox that have not been taken out.

　　A notable feature of the current strategy of expanding domestic demand is that it does not engage in flood irrigation, but starts from promoting the high-quality development of the national economy and meeting the needs of the people’s better life, and exerts its strength from both the supply side and the demand side, aiming at the structural contradictions and shortcomings in the development of the national economy, and provides the right medicine and precise policies. The focus of the policy is to solve the problem of insufficient imbalance in the development of social productive forces, and on this basis, actively cultivate new economic growth points and form more new kinetic energy for economic development.

　　Liu Yuanchun:At present, the macro-economic policies to expand domestic demand focus on people’s livelihood assistance, economic stimulus and the reform to turn crisis into opportunity, which mainly show the following characteristics: fiscal policy expansion is the main body, supplemented by monetary policy; Take the project layout as the guide and follow up with capital investment; The combination of epidemic relief and short-term expansion, short-term stimulus and medium-term development; Based on bottom line management and camera decision-making, it will be gradually promoted in stages; Demand expansion is coordinated with supply management, consumption start-up and investment expansion are parallel, and multi-channels and multi-tools are implemented simultaneously.

　　The policy of expanding domestic demand is being implemented, and the fiscal policy includes three categories, totaling 23 items, with a total expenditure of 1.3 trillion yuan and an implementation amount of more than 500 billion yuan; Monetary policy includes 30 financial supports and a monetary policy promotion plan, with a total of 4.4 trillion yuan of financial support. In terms of consumption promotion policies, 23 departments have issued 19 categories of policies, and many places have also issued policies such as providing consumer vouchers and income subsidies in coordination with epidemic relief; The investment promotion policy focuses on old and new infrastructure, and the investment expansion policy focusing on "new infrastructure" will effectively improve short-term demand and provide a better foundation for high-quality development.

　　Moderator: Under the premise of normalization of epidemic prevention and control, promoting "six stabilities" and grasping "six guarantees" are the main focus of persisting in striving for progress while maintaining stability and grasping all aspects of economic and social development. How to combine expanding domestic demand with promoting "six stabilities" and "six guarantees"?

　　Han Baojiang:The "six guarantees" are the "policy bottom line" for implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand. In other words, no matter the policy of expanding consumer demand or investment demand, we should make overall arrangements for the "six guarantees", the active fiscal policy should be more active in the "six guarantees", and the prudent monetary policy should be moderately loose in the "six guarantees" field.

　　Among them, I pay special attention to ensuring residents’ employment, basic people’s livelihood and market players. To ensure employment, it is necessary to do a good job in the employment of key industries and key groups, and the employment of college graduates should be the top priority in the near future. To ensure the basic livelihood, we need to do a good job in ensuring people’s livelihood, increase the intensity of poverty alleviation, and ensure that the task of poverty alleviation is fully completed as scheduled; Improve social security and ensure the basic livelihood of the people. To protect the main body of the market, it is necessary to speed up the implementation of various policies, and strive to help small and medium-sized enterprises tide over the difficulties and improve their survival and development capabilities by reducing taxes and fees, financing costs and housing rents. Protecting market players is helpful to maintain the stability and competitiveness of China’s industrial chain supply chain, and promote the coordinated resumption of production and production in the industrial chain.

　　Liu Yuanchun:The combination of expanding domestic demand and the goals of "six stabilities" and "six guarantees" embodies the basic idea of "bottom line management" of economic policy. Expanding domestic demand can not only help macroeconomic stability, but also guarantee the basic livelihood of grassroots people and help maintain social stability. Only an adequate demand management policy can ensure that the economic system can quickly return to normal after the shutdown, so that enterprises can get enough orders to maintain normal operation after the resumption of work and production, and avoid stopping work and stopping production again and dismissing workers. Therefore, demand recovery and moderate demand expansion are the most fundamental methods to ensure residents’ employment and the foundation to protect market players. It ensures the basic employment of residents and the normal operation of market players, which also guarantees the basic livelihood of the people. Wage income and operating income are the core of residents’ income and the basis of fiscal revenue. The normalization of fiscal revenue is not only the basis of various public utilities and transfer payments, but also the basis of the normal operation of local governments. In the above sense, expanding domestic demand is the core and foundation of "six stabilities" and "six guarantees" and the key to ensuring the basic operation of the economy and society.

　　Regardless of "six guarantees" or "six guarantees", the first place is employment. According to estimates, every percentage point increase in China’s GDP will bring about 2 million jobs, but every percentage point increase in GDP will bring about nearly 4 million unemployment. Therefore, we must fully realize the seriousness of completing the employment task and turn the goal of ensuring and stabilizing employment into a policy goal and policy action to expand domestic demand.

　　3. Make a good combination of policies to ensure the synergy of macro policies.

　　Moderator: The central government has proposed to hedge the impact of the epidemic with greater macro-policy, a proactive fiscal policy, and a prudent monetary policy. How can fiscal policy and monetary policy work together to expand domestic demand?

　　Liu Yuanchun:In the policy combination of crisis relief, monetary policy is often the main policy, supplemented by fiscal policy. However, this traditional coping policy faces more constraints and constraints when dealing with the economic downturn caused by the epidemic. First of all, the traditional monetary policy is to create a relaxed environment conducive to enterprise investment and household consumption by lowering interest rates and expanding money supply. However, when economic activities are interrupted and the industrial chain is broken, the cash flow income of families and enterprises is interrupted, and they are uncertain about their future expectations, and often have no willingness to expand consumption and investment. At this time, too much emphasis on monetary policy, increasing liquidity and encouraging debt consumption or investment may make families and enterprises bear a heavier debt burden. Therefore, the response of households and enterprises to monetary policy is often low. Secondly, the traditional fiscal policy helps to reduce the cost of enterprises by reducing taxes and fees, but it has limited help to expand investment demand. In the state of stagnant production activities of enterprises, tax reduction and fee reduction are conducive to reducing the fixed costs of enterprises, so that enterprises can last longer without income cash flow. However, in the absence of downstream demand, enterprises are unwilling to resume work and production, and the stimulating effect of tax reduction and fee reduction policy on expanding enterprise production and investment is limited.

　　Under the limited means of traditional monetary policy and fiscal policy, what is needed to restart the economy is a one-time total demand, especially the final demand. The expansion of final demand can realize bottom-up transmission along the industrial chain and become the exogenous driving force for the economy to break away from the suspended state. Before the uncertainty of epidemic situation and market risk are eliminated, this exogenous driving force mainly depends on government expenditure. Once the economy begins to recover, the normal economic operation mechanism will begin to play a role, and the role of traditional expansionary monetary policy and fiscal policy will gradually emerge.

　　 Han Baojiang:Theoretically, in the macro-control system, there is a division of labor between fiscal policy and monetary policy. Although both of them can play a role in expanding the economic aggregate, fiscal policy is more capable of solving structural problems and making more precise policies. Although monetary policy can also play a structural role through policy tools such as differential interest rates, its advantage is mainly to solve the problem of loose or tight aggregate. Therefore, the two should have a division of labor, give full play to their own strengths, and cooperate to avoid the hedging of policy effects. For example, the purpose of structural tax reduction is to reduce the burden on small and medium-sized enterprises. If the tax burden is reduced and the problems of difficult and expensive loans are not solved, enterprises will also be unable to live or live well. Only when the two fluctuate at the same frequency and work together can enterprises realize the real burden reduction and survive the crisis well.

　　Moderator: To maintain the overall situation of economic development and social stability, we must adhere to the new development concept, adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, and persist in promoting high-quality development with reform and opening up as the driving force. How does the policy of expanding domestic demand organically cooperate with these requirements?

　　Liu Shijin:The importance of demand policy lies in responding to the short-term impact of the epidemic. From the long-term development point of view, economic recovery and development still need to rely on exerting structural potential. For decades, China’s economic growth rate has been much higher than that of developed economies, mainly relying on its structural potential. This structural potential is the late-developing advantage in economics, and in layman’s terms, it is the development potential of a late-developing economy in terms of technological progress, upgrading of industrial structure and consumption structure, and urbanization process. Therefore, the strategy of expanding domestic demand in response to short-term shocks needs to be based on the long-term and coordinated with structural potential. The effective exertion of structural potential requires the supply policy to play a greater role, which means that we must firmly grasp the main line of supply-side structural reform and promote the continuous upgrading of supply structure.

　　Supply policy and demand policy should be matched according to the different problems and main contradictions faced at different stages. For example, in the stage of epidemic control, it is necessary to increase the distribution of relevant emergency materials through supply policies, and in the stage of resuming production, it is necessary to use administrative means to promote the whole industry chain and the whole field, and then carry out corresponding demand-side policy cooperation.

　　Han Baojiang:Policies to promote demand should work together with policies to promote reform. First of all, we must adhere to the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work, which is the institutional prerequisite for coordinating efforts. Secondly, the supply policy should be in tune with the demand policy. In other words, it is necessary to improve the adaptability of the supply structure to the demand structure, and increase the efforts to meet the middle and high-end demand on the basis of maintaining the general demand. Facts have proved that China’s demand is not insufficient, or there is no demand, but the demand has changed, but the products supplied have not changed, and the quality and service cannot keep up. The lack of effective supply capacity has brought about a large amount of demand spillover and a serious outflow of consumption power. To solve these structural problems, we must promote supply-side structural reform. Thirdly, the supply policy should strive to be "half a beat or a beat" earlier than the demand policy, and create "new demand" with "new supply". In today’s era, the prominent feature of socialized mass production is that once the supply side realizes successful subversive innovation, the market will respond with magnificent transaction generation. This is the truth.

　　Liu Yuanchun:A few days ago, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-oriented Allocation of Factors, which classified the reform directions and specific measures in the five areas of land, labor, capital, technology and data, and deployed and improved the formation mechanism of factor prices and the market operation mechanism. Global production and consumption have been comprehensively impacted by the epidemic, and China’s economic and social development is facing new difficulties and challenges. Firmly pushing forward major reforms and further improving the business environment will certainly stimulate the vitality and creativity of the whole society, release more new kinetic energy in the market, and provide a solid institutional guarantee for hedging the impact of the epidemic and increasing the stamina of China’s economic development.

　　The impact of the epidemic is accidental and phased. The demand expansion policy is mainly introduced to deal with the short-term impact of the epidemic, and the policy based on stimulation cannot be used for a long time. Therefore, the demand policy should be exerted moderately and should not be overexerted. To achieve the annual economic and social development goals and promote high-quality economic development, we must focus on long-term development and firmly grasp the main line of supply-side structural reform.

Documentary film premiered in Days and Nights in Wuhan, 100 filmmakers pay tribute to Wuhan.

Special feature of 1905 film network 251 filmmakers, 70 cities, more than 350 public welfare movies … … The invitation of documentary film to the people of the whole country is warm and full of strength, and the unity of hundreds of filmmakers has achieved an unprecedented feat and built a solid spiritual Great Wall in the whole industry.

　

There is only one reason to motivate them to support Days and Nights in Wuhan:Day and night in Wuhan is also the day and night in China. Before the epidemic, no one is a bystander. Every Chinese is gathering strength and creating miracles with perseverance and the true feelings of mutual help.The number of filmmakers who initiated Days and Nights in Wuhan’s screening activities continues to increase, in movie channels and allDriven by filmmakers, national cinemas and many enterprises have spontaneously joined the ranks of conveying warmth through light and shadow, and voiced their voices to the whole society through this positive energy activity, so that the little lights can converge into hot light, in order to pay tribute to the heroic city of Wuhan and the heroic people of Wuhan.


　

On January 16th, Days and Nights in Wuhan held a premiere special program in china national film museum. On the same day, Days and Nights in Wuhan producer Cao Yin, director of the program center of the movie channel, Days and Nights in Wuhan chief producer Wei Li, director, screenwriter and editing director Li Bo, voice director, music director and theme song singer shared the behind-the-scenes story of Days and Nights in Wuhan at the scene. The famous host told his feelings after watching the film through VCR and sincerely recommended the film. The event was co-chaired by Bing Gu, the film channel host and guest host.

　

Every shot gathers strength, and every frame cherishes great love. The documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan was shot by 30 war photographers on the first line. The film didn’t use a voice-over, didn’t write a line, and everything was extremely real.The main line of the film is the medical staff and patients in the intensive care unit of the hospital at the forefront of the epidemic, and the auxiliary line is the delivery of volunteers by pregnant women in the middle of the night, showing the warm story of ordinary medical staff and people who are reluctant to stay up all night, do not hesitate to live and die, help each other and overcome difficulties together in the face of the epidemic.

　

The creation of literature and art should raise the spiritual flag, establish the spiritual pillar and build the spiritual home. On January 22nd, the documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan will be released nationwide. As the first war epidemic documentary film released in China, Days and Nights in Wuhan set up a spiritual shelter for the film, which promoted China’s great anti-epidemic spirit. With cinematic audio-visual language, it expresses the theme of life first and people first, and eulogizes the heroic people and the heroic city.

　

The premiere of the linkage between the two places witnessed the beautiful moment of "Hero Wuhan"

A warm interpretation of Days and Nights in Wuhan’s "It’s good to have you"

　

Standing at the starting point of 2021, looking back on the past year, each of you and I tried our best to watch with love, let life be unyielding and let the future continue. There is always something to be recorded, and there is always someone to make you believe in hope. What is Days and Nights in Wuhan? What does it want to convey?Chief producer Wei LiWhen talking about the original intention of film creation,Days and Nights in Wuhan is to record every ordinary day, show every ordinary person and family under the epidemic, and let us know more that only with love can we move forward fearlessly and embrace the steaming life.Cao Jinling, the director who directed the documentary for the first time, hoped that Days and Nights in Wuhan would become a "twilight" in the darkness and a little fireworks in the cold.

　

Singing the theme song "You are so kind" for Days and Nights in Wuhan.Filmmaker Zhou XunI also read the meaning of "it’s good to have you" in my heart through the touching moments under the epidemic — —It is to respect life, to learn to be grateful, and to love with an echo.These great love and warmth are the most memorable things in those special days and nights, and they are the most precious wealth left for the future in 2020.

　

At the scene, the documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan also exposed the MV and sonic poster of the ending song "All All" for the first time. The song "All All" was written byMusician Chang ShileiWriting lyrics, composing music and singing, and being able to participate in Days and Nights in Wuhan’s film in this way, Chang Shilei is very honored to speak frankly:"This real and powerful documentary film has made All All express more things and become more warm."It is worth mentioning that Cao Jinling, director of Days and Nights in Wuhan, specially invited 30 photographers of this film to complete the production of this ending MV with her, showing more precious pictures from the front line of war and epidemic.

　

In this special program, Days and Nights in Wuhan, the documentary film, held an interactive connection between Beijing and Wuhan. Representatives of the film photography team were invited to return to the shooting location in Wuhan to witness the empty city that had been pressed the "pause button", and now it has once again turned back into a fireworks world, exuding warmth and vitality. Head nurse Yang Li, grandpa Meng’s family, and Wang Ziyi, the captain of the volunteer team, and members of the film also appeared at the screening of the film in Wuhan on the same day, sharing their current life feelings by telling stories.

Days and Nights in Wuhan premiere scene

　

Those dark days and nights have become the light and strength for people to live harder now. This change is also the cohesion of "It’s good to have you" that Days and Nights in Wuhan wants to convey. Kang Hui, the host of China Central Radio and Television General Station, also praised Days and Nights in Wuhan in the premiere special program, praising the film for showing Chinese’s perseverance and never giving up in the face of difficulties with restraint.

　

Unity is strength! Hundreds of filmmakers pay tribute to the hero Wuhan.

Documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan shows great anti-epidemic spirit.

　

The documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan has been widely concerned by the whole society since the official announcement on January 22nd.The topic of movies has been searched on various platforms for many times, and more than 100 film critics and media people collectively praised and recommended it. The heartfelt recommendation of filmmakers such as Zhou Xun and others triggered a heated discussion on the whole network. The film not only has the overall awareness of the national media, but also falls into the perspective of ordinary people. These moments, recorded by Days and Nights in Wuhan, have become the light of hope at the moment, shining and glowing, which not only gives respect and warmth to Wuhan, but also brings strength to the national audience and everyone who is in the front line at the moment.

　

Recently, the film channel joined hands with hundreds of filmmakers to launch a large-scale media-integrated public welfare movie-watching activity of "It’s good to have you". At the premiere of Days and Nights in Wuhan, this warmth, which started in Wuhan and was conveyed by hundreds of filmmakers with one heart and one mind, "set out" towards the true feelings of the motherland.

　

,,,,,, and as representatives of filmmakers, they sent invitations to watch movies to the people of the whole country in the form of videos, and all the public welfare movie posters were also released simultaneously. On January 23rd, 251 filmmakers will present more than 350 public welfare movies in 70 cities in 28 provinces and municipalities including Wuhan, Jingzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Changchun, Lhasa, Urumqi and Haikou. At that time, medical workers, volunteers, witnesses and everyone who wants to tell the touching story of "It’s good to have you" will gather in Days and Nights in Wuhan. On January 23rd, the Movie Channel Media Center will also broadcast the whole event live.

　

251 posters, like closely connected movie films, gather the stars of filmmakers into a shining and warm spotlight. And this is by no means the end of the warm transmission of the documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan — — Driven by movie channels and filmmakers, many cinemas and enterprises from all over the country have spontaneously joined the ranks of light and shadow to convey warmth. I hope that through this positive energy activity, more people will support the documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan and pay tribute to the heroic city of Wuhan and the heroic people of Wuhan.

　

Raise the spiritual flag, establish spiritual pillars and build spiritual homes. The documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan is not only a record of the epidemic process in actual combat, but also bears the filmmakers’ sincere comments on the concept of "life first, people first and love first". Through every character, every story and every moment, the film builds a spiritual cabin of the film, vividly interpreting the great anti-epidemic spirit of "life first, national unity, giving up one’s life and forgetting one’s death, respecting science and sharing destiny", so as to praise the heroic country and people and show the spirit of China.

　

At the premiere, Cao Yin, the producer of Days and Nights in Wuhan and director of the program center of the film channel, also donated a copy of the film to china national film museum. This record of the special day and night in Wuhan will also be permanently included in the collection as our common memory in 2020. In his speech, Director Cao Yin pointed out that as the first anti-epidemic film released in China, Days and Nights in Wuhan hoped that the audience would not only relive the touching days and nights of Wuhan’s anti-epidemic, but more importantly, learn from it the great anti-epidemic spirit and capture the shining human brilliance.

　

In all the darkest moments, there is always light in my heart. Day and night in Wuhan under the epidemic, there are not only empty streets, but also the back of hard work and a new life. At the end of the premiere, when the children gave a bunch of wintersweet from Wuhan to the audience, they moved the audience. Nowadays, in this heroic city, 9 million heroic Wuhan people embrace the sunshine and continue their ordinary and weighty lives. The documentary film Days and Nights in Wuhan will also join them and the audience in China to recall the warmth, witness the moving and watch the future.

　

Days and Nights in Wuhan is produced by film channel, and jointly produced by Hubei Radio and Television Station, Zhejiang Hengdian Film Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 1905 Culture Media Co., Ltd., 1905 Film Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Hubei Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Hangzhou Xiaoxiao Media Co., Ltd., Gongli (Xiamen) Medical Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan Radio and Television Station and Emotion Film Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

　

At present, the film has been pre-sold and officially landed in the national cinema on January 22.

　

Attachment: "It’s good to have you" participation list of large-scale media-integrated public welfare activities (sorted by initials of surname pinyin):

　

Ayanga, Bai Baihe, Bai Jingting, Ke Bai, Bailu, White, Cai Wenjing, KUN, Cao Jinling, Cao Jun, Chang Shilei, Chen Turin, Chen Feiyu, Chen He, Chen Kun, Chen Sicheng, Chen Weiting, Chen Xuedong, Jackie Chan, Cheng Lisha, Cheng Xiao, Dapeng, Dai Wenwen, Deng Chao, Deng Enxi, Di Lieba. Guo Jingfei, Fiction, Guo Qicheng, Guo Wei, Guo Xiaodong, Guo Xiaoting, Han Geng, Han Yan, Jerry Chang, He Ruixian, Hu Xianxu, Hua Tong, Bo Huang, Huang Jingyu, Huang Minghao, Huang Shengyi, Huang Xiaoming, Huang Xuan, Huang Zitao, Hui Yinghong, Huo Siyan, Jia Ling, Jia Nailiang, Jiang Luxia, Jiang Mengjie. Li Qin, CoCo Lee, Li Wenhan, Li Xian, Li Xueqin, Li Yitong, Chris Lee, Aarif Lee, Li Zixuan, Liang Jing, Lin Peng, Lin Shijie, Lin Xinru, Lin Yongjian, Lin Yun, Lin Zhiling, Liu Haoran, Liu Lingzi, Liu Mintao, Liu Mingming, Liu Xun, Liu Yan, Liu Ye, Lu Han, Lu Yang, Luo Yunxi. Peng Yuchang, Eddie Peng Yuyan, Jiuzhou Qi, Qiao Shan, Bridgette, Qin Lan, Qiu Tian, Qu Jingjing, Rao Xiaozhi, Ren Min, Joey Yung, Charmaine, Shu Qi, S.K.Y.Song Jia, Victoria Song, Song Weilong, Yi Song, Su Lun, Su Mang, Alec Su, Sun Li, Qian Sun, Sun Yan, Sun Yang, Tan Zhuo, Tang Jili, Tao Hong, Tao Hong, Tian Yusheng, Tong Liya, Wang Baoqiang, Wang Dalu, Wang Guanyi, Wang Jia, Wang Junkai, Wang Tianye, Wang Xi, Wang Xun, Wang Tianye. Nicholas Tse, Greg Han Hsu, Jiao Xu, soso, Xu Kaicheng, Timmy Xu, Xu Yang, Xú Zhēng, YCY, Yang Di, Yang Yi, Yang Longjie, Yang Mi, Yang Yang, Yang Zi, Yang Zishan, Yao Chen, Yao Xingtong, Ye Qing, Yi Yang Qianxi, Yi Yunhe, Yin Yun, Yin Zishan. Zhang Yi, Zray, LAY, Youhao Zhang, Yuqi Zhang, Leon, Zifeng Zhang, Zhao Liying, Zhao Lusi, Zhao Ningyu, Zhao Wei, Zhao Yiqin, Zhao Youting, Zheng Kai, Zhong Chuxi, Zhou Dongyu, Zhou Xingchi, Zhou Xun, Zhou Yiran, Zhou You, Zhu Shimao, Zhu Yawen, Zhu Yilong and Zhu Zhengting.


Dapeng wrote a letter to Ada to celebrate his birthday ＂I hope to find him as soon as possible＂

1905 movie network news 　November 8th is Ada’s 39th birthday, and it is also the day when the film starring Ada and Dapeng was officially released. On the 8th, Dapeng sent a long article to celebrate Ada’s birthday, which was really emotional.

Dapeng recalled his three birthdays with Ada after 12 years of acquaintance, and also talked about his views on the relationship between them. He said that Ada gave his birthday wish of "finding a partner" to The Beneficiary, wishing the new film good results. And he is willing to use his birthday quota to make a wish for Ada: "I hope to find him as soon as possible."

The movie The Beneficiary tells the story that Wu Hai (Dapeng), encouraged by his friends, deliberately meets a female network anchor Yue Miaomiao (Ada) who is also on the edge and at the bottom, in order to treat his 6-year-old son suffering from asthma, and is determined to brew a marriage scam with ulterior motives.

The film will be released nationwide on November 8.

Choose the Soviet Union or the United States： the division of the Korean Peninsula in 1946

After the recovery of the Korean peninsula, political parties and social organizations began to be formed in both the north and the south. Almost all political parties put their goals and tasks under the banner of independence and democracy, but their respective political goals and programs were not clear in the early days.

After the announcement of the agreement on North Korea at the Moscow Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, around the trusteeship system itself, the true features, true intentions and political purposes of these political parties began to be clearly defined, and the political forces in North Korea were divided into two camps: those in favor of trusteeship (Zantuo) and those against trusteeship (Anti-Tuotuo). Under the appearance of Zantuo and Anti-Tuotuo, the pro-Soviet and pro-American positions were corresponding.

Generally speaking, the situation in North Korea is relatively simple. Although there are voices against trusteeship, it is not enough to form a force and pose a threat to the Zanto camp. The political situation in North Korea is almost completely dominated by the Zanto camp. In contrast, the situation in South Korea is more complicated. The anti-Tuo camp and the Zantuo camp are in opposition, and there are divisions within each camp, so the politics in South Korea is divided.

North Korea unanimously supports the Moscow agreement.

On New Year’s Day in 1946, shortly after the announcement of the Moscow Agreement, Kim Il Sung, who had been elected as the first secretary of the communist party of North Korea, mentioned the significance of the Moscow Agreement to the cancellation of the 38th parallel in his New Year’s speech. On January 5th, at a lecture held by the North Korean Women’s League, Kim Il Sung publicly expressed his personal views on the Moscow Agreement for the first time. He believed that the Moscow Agreement could guarantee North Korea’s independence and protect it from fascist aggression, no matter from the international or domestic political situation, so he expressed active support for it.

Kim Il Sung also said that the United Nations has made it clear that it has no territorial ambitions for North Korea, and all those who oppose the Moscow agreement are pro-Japanese and national traitors, calling them people who undermine friendly relations with the Soviet Union. In an interview with reporters on February 28th, Kim Il Sung once again said that the Moscow Agreement opened the way for peace in the Far East and independence of North Korea. He asserted that the implementation of the Moscow Agreement could realize the development of democracy, independence, wipe out the remnants of Japanese imperialism and solve the problem of economic chaos. Therefore, the People’s Committee should make preparations for the formation of the government according to the Moscow agreement, actively analyze the true meaning of the agreement, and carry out the work of breaking the false propaganda of reactionaries. Kim Il Sung believes that the distortion and anti-propaganda of the Moscow agreement is the destruction of the United front, which prevents all the directions of democracy. At this time, Kim Il Sung has become the chairman of the Provisional People’s Committee of North Korea, and his position basically represents the attitude of most political parties in North Korea towards the Moscow Agreement.

Kim Il-sung

At the same time, mass activities in favor of hosting and maintaining the Moscow agreement have also been carried out in North Korea. On January 6th, a city-wide parade holding high the banner of solidarity with the Moscow resolution reached its climax in Pyongyang. The demonstrators held high the slogan "The Moscow resolution of the foreign ministers of the three countries can guarantee freedom, independence and the establishment of a democratic Korea". A radio report in Moscow on the 10th said: About 100,000 people took part in the demonstration and expressed their welcome to the decision of the Moscow meeting of foreign ministers of the three countries on North Korea. All the participants held the national flags of North Korea, the Soviet Union, Britain, China and the United States, and the portraits of Lenin, Stalin and Korean hero Cui Yongjian, and held up slogans to express their full support for the resolution of the Moscow meeting on North Korea, and the Korean people thanked the Red Army and its leader Marshal Stalin for their efforts to build a democratic North Korea. On January 29th, another mass demonstration was held in Sinuiju, and about 20,000 people took part in the demonstration. The masses held high the slogans and slogans welcoming the Moscow Conference resolution on North Korea. The demonstrators held a mass meeting in the central street, and eight representatives delivered speeches, warmly welcoming the resolution of the Moscow conference on North Korea and calling on the people of the whole country to use all their strength to restore the country’s economy.

Nevertheless, there were still anti-trust elements among North Korean politicians at that time. In the words of Shtykov, then head of the Soviet delegation to the United States-Soviet Joint Committee, there should be "hundreds". Cao Xizhi, chairman of the Democratic Party of Korea, who is deeply admired by the North Korean people, is one of them. After the Moscow agreement was announced, Cao Xizhi made it clear that he opposed trusteeship, claiming that "the trusteeship rule of traitorous countries is absolutely unacceptable". To this end, the Soviet Union has repeatedly softened and pressured him to publicly issue a statement supporting the decision of the three foreign ministers’ meeting in Moscow, but Cao Xizhi refused on the grounds that it should be decided by all the people and he could not make decisions at will. Cao Xizhi refused to cooperate with the Soviet Union, resolutely opposed the attitude of trusteeship, and finally let the Soviet Union decide to abandon him politically.

According to Shtykov’s later recollection, "When Cao Xizhi Group tried to express its opinions on the words and deeds of our representatives attending the Seoul meeting, I was forced to tell the activist to mind his own business. We seized this opportunity and thoroughly settled accounts with Cao Xizhi. " Shtykov immediately reported to Stalin that Cao Xizhi was disloyal to the Soviet policy and had a "nationalist tendency". He regarded the Soviet army in Korea as the same occupier as the Japanese. This made Stalin decide to replace Cao Xizhi. Shtykov recommended Kim Il Sung, who was only in his early thirties, lived in the Soviet Union and spoke fluent Russian. Stalin agreed and said, "North Korea is a young country and needs young leaders." The Soviet Union put Cao Xizhi under house arrest in order to stop her organized anti-trust movement. Soon, Cao Xizhi disappeared not only from the political stage, but also from Korean society. On February 24, 1946, the Democratic Party of Korea held its first congress and dissolved the former Central Committee. Cao Xizhi and his supporters who were absent from the meeting were expelled from the party. Cui Yongjian, Kim Il Sung’s former close comrade-in-arms in the Soviet camp and a member of the 88th Brigade, was elected as the new chairman of the Democratic Party. It can be seen that after the Moscow meeting, the Soviet side regarded whether it was in favor of trusteeship and whether it supported the Moscow agreement as a weather vane to test whether the political stance of North Korean political forces was pro-Soviet.

Cao wanzhi

In this context, the Civil Affairs Bureau of the Soviet Union has paid more attention to the propaganda and guidance related to the Moscow Agreement. On January 3, 1946, Ignacy Yev, who was in charge of political work in the Soviet Civil Affairs Bureau of Korea, held a meeting of North Korean newspaper editors and book inspectors, expounded the essence of the Moscow Agreement, and assigned practical tasks to the participants, namely, correctly publicizing the Moscow resolution to the residents through newspapers and periodicals, fighting pro-Japanese factions who tried to distort the spirit of the resolution, cultivating the trust of the Korean people in the Moscow resolution, and calling on the people to solve the current problems. All localities have taken active actions one after another. On January 18th, the Propaganda Department of communist party Municipal Committee of South Pyongan Province sent a propaganda team to the local area to "continue to strengthen the local residents’ understanding of the Moscow Conference resolution on North Korea". The political workers in garrison headquarters, Huanghai Road, will take it as their duty to explain the meaning of the Moscow Agreement to the leaders of local parties and state committees of people’s committees.

In any case, by the end of May 1946, after the first meeting of the United States-Soviet Joint Committee, compared with the complicated and divided situation in South Korea caused by anti-trust and anti-trust, "all political parties in North Korea supported the Moscow Resolution", including communist party, Democratic Party, New People’s Party, Tiandao Party, Women’s League, Democratic Youth League, Farmers’ League, trade unions and some other organizations, totaling about 50. North Korea unanimously supported the Moscow agreement on trusteeship.

"Second Munich": Protest from South Korea

At the beginning of the announcement of the Moscow Agreement, almost all Koreans in the south immediately protested strongly against the foreign ministers’ decisions. South Korean newspapers described the meeting as "the second Munich", and the main objection was the provisions on trusteeship. North Koreans argue that any trusteeship, no matter how short, means unnecessarily delaying the day when they can gain complete freedom and independence.

The Moscow Agreement had a great influence on the political development in South Korea, which caused the opposition between the anti-Tuo and Zantuo camps and led to the obvious polarization between the right and left political forces.

In the anti-trust camp, the right-wing political parties are active, among which there are three more important forces, namely, the provisional government of the Republic of Korea led by Jin Jiu (later reorganized into the Korean Independence Party with the decline of the authority and influence of the provisional government), the Central Agreement Council for Promoting Li Chengwan’s Independence (referred to as independence promotion) and the Korean People’s Party.

After the announcement of the Moscow Agreement, the interim government headed by Jin Jiu set up the National General Mobilization Committee against Trusteeship (hereinafter referred to as the Anti-Trusteeship Mobilization Committee). In their statement, they declared: "To strive for 5,000 years of sovereignty and 3 million freedoms, we must support our own political activities and exclude foreign trusteeship." On December 29, 1945, the anti-trust mobilization Committee formulated organizational regulations and was determined to launch a fierce anti-trust movement. The leftists and Rightists in the interim government all expressed their anti-trust ideas. Their plan at that time was to create an anti-trust atmosphere in an all-round way from the organization and form an anti-trust mobilization Committee to grasp the leading power of the political situation and further take over the military and political affairs.

As a veteran of the interim government, Li Chengwan did not participate in the anti-trust mobilization committee, but expressed his anti-trust proposition by organizing other political activities. As the United States has repeatedly stated its position of implementing trusteeship, Li Chengwan said that it had long expected this, so it had already prepared countermeasures. He made up his mind to follow his own prepared policy, emphasizing "don’t be lured by the so-called’ short five years’", and he advocated that the people of the whole nation should unite and strive for the sympathy of the United States, Britain and China. Li Chengwan’s idea is probably because he thinks that the implementation of the trusteeship system in North Korea is the insistence of the Soviet Union, but the United States, Britain and China are not so firm. If we can win the unanimous sympathy of the three countries for North Korea, then the trusteeship system may not be implemented.

The Korean People’s Party, on the other hand, is ambiguous because its leader Song Zhenyu’s attitude on trusteeship is unclear. On the one hand, Song Zhenyu thought that the trusteeship rule should not be implemented in North Korea, and the Korean people should no longer be dominated by other nationalities. The trusteeship system ignored international faith and hindered the development of world history, so it must be opposed. He emphasized that "every 30 million people must carry out a national movement and oppose trusteeship rule"; On the other hand, at the meeting held to discuss the trusteeship rule, he also said that North Korea needed several years of trusteeship rule in order to achieve complete independence. This unclear attitude is probably due to his maintaining a friendly relationship with the US military government, and the trusteeship system is recognized by the United States. Too clear anti-trust stance may make the US military politically difficult. Song Zhenyu’s vacillating position on trusteeship eventually led to his assassination because of this matter. His successor, Sung-su Kim, clearly expressed his clear stand on the trusteeship issue. He believed that the trusteeship rule violated the principle of North Korea’s complete independence and must be resolutely opposed.

In order to further consolidate the unity of the anti-trust camp, Jin Jiu issued a statement on January 4, 1946, calling on all political forces around to unite and hold an extraordinary political meeting for the establishment of the transitional government. He advocated that an extraordinary political meeting should be held immediately and a United front should be formed. On this basis, the interim government should be expanded and strengthened, and the transitional regime should be established. After the transitional regime was established, a national congress should be convened to formulate a constitution, and then a formal government should be formed on this basis. On January 20th, the preparatory meeting for the extraordinary political conference, mainly attended by right-wing forces, was established, and Li Chengwan announced its participation on the 22nd. The anti-trust mobilization committee led by Jin Jiu merged with Li Chengwan’s independent promotion to form the Korean National Assembly for Promoting Independence. On February 1st, the Extraordinary National Assembly was established, and Li Chengwan and Jin Jiu were appointed to be responsible for the formation of the Supreme Government Council. On February 13th, the Extraordinary National Assembly elected the Supreme Council of Government Affairs composed of 28 members, including Li Chengwan, Jin Jiu and Kim Kyu Sik. On February 14th, the Supreme Council of Government Affairs was appointed by the commander of the US military and reorganized into the Democratic House (representing the Democratic House in South Korea and the Republic of Korea), which was incorporated into some kind of advisory body of US military affairs. In this way, the guidance department of the anti-trust camp, which once opposed trusteeship and aimed at establishing an independent transitional government, became the advisory body of the US military government, and the relationship between the anti-trust camp and the US military government could no longer be separated. The United States chose the right-wing anti-trust forces headed by Li Chengwan and Jin Jiu as the cooperation partners, which not only questioned the trusteeship policy itself in North Korea, but also took a fancy to the right-wing forces’ anti-Soviet stance;The right-wing anti-trust camp chose to cooperate with the U.S. military that still openly supports the trusteeship policy, which not only has the illusion that the United States may give sympathy to North Korea on the trusteeship issue, but also has the speculation to further expand its political power by using the power of the U.S. military, so as to gain an advantage in the chaotic political situation in South Korea. The seemingly unreasonable combination is actually an extremely realistic combination under the unstable position of the hatchback.

Syngman Rhee

Why didn’t the south Korean left-wing party object?

The attitude of the left-wing political parties in South Korea headed by communist party in North Korea towards trusteeship has changed greatly before and after, which has weakened their political influence among the people in South Korea to some extent. In the first few days after the Moscow Agreement was announced, the left-wing parties also opposed it, but the situation changed after communist party’s leader Pak Hon Yong secretly visited Pyongyang in 1946.

Late at night on January 1, Park Hyun-young returned to Seoul; On January 2nd, communist party of the DPRK issued a statement publicly supporting the Moscow Agreement, which declared that the resolution of the meeting of foreign ministers of the three countries in Moscow was the further development and strengthening of democracy … The decision … was caused by the existing situation of the DPRK itself, especially the long-term Japanese imperialist rule and lack of national unity. We can’t help but admit that there is such a situation in fact. Regardless of this, a few people try to hold the three allies responsible for the decision on the Korean issue. These people are trying to openly and directly oppose the decision of the Moscow meeting. They described the friendly help and cooperation of the three countries as the establishment of an imperialist protectorate, similar to the early rule of Japanese imperialist aggression. Subsequently, communist party and its affiliated groups held a mass meeting of 100,000 people in Seoul, expressing their support for the communiqué of the meeting of foreign ministers of the three Moscow countries. On January 10th, the five main left-wing parties in North Korea issued a joint statement on the Moscow Agreement, declaring: "We sincerely support the guarantees of the three powers for North Korea’s sovereignty and independence, and their plans and spirit of assisting the democratic government." On January 16th, Park Hyun-yong announced on the radio that the key to the decision of the meeting of foreign ministers of the three countries in Moscow lies in clearing up the residual poison left over from Japanese rule, helping and assisting North Korea to establish a truly democratic country, and calling for support for the decision of the meeting of foreign ministers of the three countries. In this way, the Zanto position of the south Korean left-wing party headed by communist party was further strengthened.

Some Korean scholars believe that the reason why the left-wing political parties in South Korea turned to trusteeship on January 2, 1946 was mainly instructed by the Soviet side that "the Moscow Agreement was formulated by the Soviet Union, so the Communist Party must support it". At present, there is no relevant file or memoir to directly prove whether it was ordered by the Soviet Union. However, it was after Park Hyun-yong secretly visited Pyongyang and returned to Seoul that the South Korean left-wing party headed by North Korea’s communist party changed from anti-trust to praise. The support for trusteeship and the Moscow agreement has also become an important symbol of the pro-Soviet stance.

When the right-wing parties formed a united front, communist party criticized this behavior. The People’s Party, which has always held a calm stance on the trusteeship system and advocated a detailed analysis of the Moscow agreement before facing it together, also expressed concern. The People’s Party declared that it was "resolutely opposed to all plots against trusteeship to strengthen its political forces". On January 19th, communist party of North Korea reached a settlement with the People’s Party, and decided to unite all the progressive democratic forces in South Korea to form a powerful national democratic united front (civil war for short). As a friend of communist party, the People’s Party, which had some reservations about the trusteeship system, joined the Zanto camp and began to actively assist communist party to carry out civil war activities. On February 15th, the civil war, mainly composed of communist party and the People’s Party, was officially unveiled. Regarding the establishment of an interim government by the United States-Soviet Joint Committee, it was stated that "ensuring the civil war’s right to speak as the only official representative of the Korean nation will actively assist the Democratic United Nations in its assistance for the comprehensive rejuvenation of Korea". The People’s War regards itself as the only group that unites democratic political parties and social groups, and regards itself as the only negotiating object of the US-Soviet Joint Committee. It can be seen that the Zanto camp in South Korea has considerable expectations for the US-Soviet Joint Committee.

American-Soviet Struggle on the Korean Peninsula

Before the first meeting of the United States-Soviet Joint Committee, the political forces in South Korea had been completely divided into two camps around the trusteeship issue: the right-wing party camp United in the Democratic House attached to the US military government held an anti-trust and anti-Soviet stance. The political parties and organizations participating in the Democratic House mainly include: the independence promotion led by Li Chengwan, the Korean independence party led by Jin Jiu, the Korean People’s Party led by Sung-su Kim, and some small parties and social organizations, totaling nearly 100. The left-wing party camp united in the national democratic united front holds a pro-Soviet stance. The main participating parties are: communist party, People’s Party, New People’s Party, National Revolutionary Party, Women’s League, Farmers’ League, Trade Union, Democratic Youth League, etc. There are 15 organizations in total. The anti-trust camp believes that the trusteeship rule proposed by the Moscow agreement is similar to colonial rule and cannot be accepted from the standpoint of national pride; The Zanto camp believes that trusteeship is the only way to solve the Korean Peninsula problem, so it should be accepted. With the growing differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on the trusteeship system, due to the consideration of their respective political positions and interests, the room for taking a neutral stance on the trusteeship issue between the two camps of anti-trust and Zantuo has become smaller and smaller.

After the Moscow Agreement was announced, the Soviet Union actively publicized and guided North Korea, and the political parties and people in North Korea unanimously expressed their support, so that the Soviet Union could maintain its position of advocating trusteeship of North Korea as always. On the other hand, there is a contradiction between position and action in the attitude of the United States. On the one hand, it affirms that the Moscow agreement is the only way to solve the North Korean issue, on the other hand, it expresses sympathy for the large-scale anti-trusteeship demonstrations in South Korea. Some American leaders and military government officials even publicly stated that the United States regards the desire to make North Korea an independent country as soon as possible as their important goal, and they believe that North Korea is ready for autonomy. The U.S. military government finally incorporated the National Assembly, which held an anti-trusteeship position, into an advisory body, which showed the essential anti-trusteeship position of the United States. In the eyes of the Soviets, the United States’ move is to clear the "guilt" of the country that proposed the trusteeship system, establish a democratic image that advocates North Korea’s independence, and successfully shift all the "guilt" of establishing trusteeship in North Korea to the Soviet Union.

The polarization and opposition of North Korea’s domestic forces on the issue of anti-Tozanto has something to do with the support behind the United States and the Soviet Union, which reflects that the United States and the Soviet Union have different positions on the trusteeship system, which also lays a hidden danger for the final rupture of the United States-Soviet Joint Committee in the future.

(This article is excerpted from Whales Fighting Shrimp: America and the Soviet Union and the 38th Parallel (1941-1948), by Angel, published by Zhonghua Book Company in April 2016. Authorized by the publishing house, reproduced by The Paper. The current title and subtitle are drawn up by the editor. )

Chapter XI Gift Contract of Specific Provisions

There are eleven articles in this chapter, which stipulate the concept of the gift contract, the establishment of the gift contract, the rights and obligations of the parties, the liability for warranty against defects, the arbitrary and legal revocation of the gift, and the liability for breach of contract.
Article 185 A gift contract is a contract in which the donor gives his property to the donee free of charge and the donee expresses his acceptance of the gift.
[Interpretation] This article is about the concept of gift contract.
A gift contract refers to a contract in which the donor gives his property to the donee free of charge and the donee is willing to accept the gift. We can see the following connotations from the concept of gift contract:
1. Gift is a kind of agreement and a legal act of both parties. Although the gift contract is a unilateral and free contract, it needs the unanimous expression of will of both parties to be established. If one party has the will to donate, but the other party has no intention to accept the gift, the gift contract cannot be established. In real life, there will also be cases where one party is unwilling to accept the gift from the other party for some consideration. In this case, the gift contract will not be established.
2. A gift contract is a contract to transfer the ownership of property. A gift contract is a contract in which the donor gives his own property to the recipient, and it is a contract in which the donor transfers the ownership of the property to the recipient. This is the main difference between a gift contract and a loan contract.
3. The gift contract is a free contract. The so-called "free contract" refers to a contract in which only one party pays, and the other party does not have to pay the corresponding price to the other party. In the gift contract, only the donor gives his property to the donee free of charge, and the donee obtains the donated property without paying the corresponding price to the donor. This is the main difference between a gift contract and a paid contract such as buying and selling.
4. The gift contract is a unilateral contract. The so-called "unilateral contract" refers to a contract in which only one party bears the debt and the other party does not bear the debt, or although it bears the debt, it has no consideration relationship. Under normal circumstances, only the donor has the obligation to give his own property to the donee in the gift contract, and the donee is not obliged. In a gift with obligations, the donor has the obligation to pay his property to the donee, and the donee undertakes certain obligations according to the contract, but the obligations undertaken by the donee are not the consideration of the obligations undertaken by the donor, and the obligations in between are not corresponding to each other, so the gift contract is a unilateral contract.
5. The gift contract is a promise contract. Whether the gift contract is a practice contract or a promise contract is directly related to when the gift contract was established. Whether a gift contract is based on the delivery of the subject matter has different provisions in foreign legislation, and there are different understandings in China’s legal circles. The so-called "practice contract", also known as "material contract", refers to a contract that can be established only after the parties agree on their intentions. It is based on the agreement of the parties and the delivery of the subject matter. The so-called "promissory contract", also known as "non-material contract", refers to a contract that can be established when the parties agree on their meanings. It is based on the agreement of the parties.
The former Soviet Union and some countries in Eastern Europe regard the gift contract as a practical contract. German, Japanese and Taiwan Province in China define the gift contract as a promise contract in their legislation. In the legal field of our country, some scholars advocate that the gift contract is a practical contract; Some advocate that the gift contract is a promise contract.
In the process of drafting and amending the chapter of contract law, there are different views on whether the gift contract should be defined as a practice contract or a promise contract, and when the gift contract was established. Some people think that the gift should be a practical contract, which is established when the subject matter is delivered. Otherwise, it is unfair for the donor to reach an agreement between the parties, and if the donor fails to perform the gift obligation, it will be enforced. At the same time, it will also make the donor feel worried when expressing his willingness to give, thus giving up the idea of giving, which in turn will reduce the chances of the recipient. Some people think that the gift should be a promise contract, and the contract will be established when both parties agree. If the donor can not perform the delivery obligation before delivering the gift, and the expression of the gift is not binding on the donor, it runs counter to the principle of good faith. The material and economic preparations made by the donee for accepting the gift based on his trust in the donor can not be compensated, which is also extremely unfair to the donee. Others believe that the oral gift contract can be stipulated as effective when the property is delivered; At the same time, the written gift contract is stipulated as effective after the contract is concluded, because the parties have already concluded a written contract, indicating that their intention has been expressed more carefully, and the parties should fulfill their gift obligations according to the contract.
The provisions of the contract law indicate that the gift contract is a promise contract, and it is established when the parties agree, regardless of whether it is concluded orally or in writing, or whether the donated property is delivered. At the same time, considering that in the gift contract, it is inevitable that the donor will act on impulse, so the contract law also stipulates the application of arbitrary cancellation of the gift contract (see later).
6. The gift contract is a gratuitous contract. Whether the gift contract is an important contract or an unnecessary contract is also related to whether the gift contract is established. The so-called "essential contract" refers to a contract that must be in a certain form according to the law. The so-called "non-contract" refers to a contract that is not required by law to have a specific form. An optional contract does not exclude the use of written or notarized forms, but the form of the contract does not affect the establishment of the contract. According to the provisions of the contract law, the gift contract is an unnecessary contract. The gift contract can be in oral form, written form or notarized after the contract is concluded. No matter what form it takes or whether it is notarized or not, it will not affect the establishment of the gift contract.
There are different regulations in different countries on whether the gift contract is an unnecessary contract and whether it must be notarized. For example, Germany, France and Italy require that the gift contract be notarized. Germany stipulates that in order to make the contract of payment by gift valid, its agreement should have a notarized certificate. Those who lack the means specified in the preceding paragraph may perform the agreed payment and supplement it. France stipulates that all living gifts should be made in front of a notary by the usual contract, and the original contract should be kept with the notary, otherwise the gift contract will be invalid. Italy stipulates that the gift should be made by notarization, otherwise it will be invalid. In Japan and Taiwan Province, China, gifts are allowed in written or non-written form, and there is no requirement that the gift contract must be notarized.
Article 186 The donor may revoke the gift before the right to donate the property is transferred.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to gift contracts with the nature of social welfare and moral obligation such as disaster relief and poverty alleviation or notarized gift contracts.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the arbitrary revocation of gifts and its restrictions.
The arbitrary revocation of a gift means that after the gift contract is established, before the right to donate property is transferred, the donor can stop being a gift according to his own meaning. The arbitrary revocation of the gift stipulated by law stems from the fact that the gift is a free act. Even if the gift contract has been established, the donor can be allowed to cancel the gift for some reason, which is also a significant difference between the gift contract and other paid contracts. In particular, some gift contracts are concluded because of temporary emotional factors. If the donor is absolutely not allowed to cancel, it is too harsh and unfair for the donor.
However, if there is no restriction on arbitrariness, it means that the gift contract has no binding force, which is unfair to the recipient, violates the principle of honesty and credit, and is also an impact on social morality. Therefore, the revocation of the gift should have the following restrictions:
1. If the donated property has transferred its rights, the donor shall not arbitrarily revoke the gift. If a part of the donated property has been delivered and its rights have been transferred, the arbitrary revocation of the gift is limited to the part that has not been delivered and its rights have not been transferred, so as to maintain the stability of the rights and obligations of both parties to the gift contract.
2. If the gift contract is notarized after it is concluded, the donor shall not cancel it at will. In other words, the gift contract that can be revoked at will is limited to the gift contract without notarization. After the conclusion of the gift contract, the parties are notarized by the notary department, which shows that the expression of their gift will has been very cautious. Therefore, the gift contract that has been notarized shall not be arbitrarily revoked by the donor.
3. A donation contract with the nature of social welfare and moral obligation, regardless of the form in which the parties conclude it, whether it is notarized or not, and whether the donated property has transferred its rights, the donor shall not revoke it at will. Gifts with the nature of social welfare mainly refer to gifts for the purposes of disaster relief, poverty alleviation, student assistance, etc. or for financing public utilities such as public facilities construction and environmental protection. The public welfare nature of this kind of gift determines that the donor shall not revoke the gift at will. Because there are moral factors between the parties, it is not moral to allow the donor to revoke it at will. Therefore, such a gift shall not be arbitrarily revoked by the donor.
Here, we can review the provisions of the fourth draft of the draft contract law: "The donor may revoke the gift before delivering the donated property. The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to gift contracts with the nature of social welfare and moral obligation such as disaster relief and poverty alleviation or concluded in written form. "
The revision of the draft contract law mainly considers two issues. First, change "delivery" to "transfer of rights". "Delivery" only refers to the actual delivery of the physical object and belongs to the recipient. Of course, the ownership of the gift is generally transferred at the time of delivery, but there are also cases where the law provides otherwise or the parties agree otherwise. As for the transfer of rights, there may be two situations: the first situation is that the donated property has not been actually delivered, but its ownership has been transferred to the donee; In the second case, the donated property has been occupied by the donee, but its ownership has not been transferred. The "transfer of rights" is broader and more accurate than "delivery", so the draft is revised. The second is to change "concluded in written form" to "notarized". The gift contract concluded in written form is inevitably thoughtless due to temporary emotional factors, while the notarized gift contract can not be said to be careless. In order to balance the interests of both parties to the gift contract, the above amendments were made.
Article 187 If the donated property needs to go through registration and other formalities according to law, it shall go through the relevant formalities.
[Interpretation] This article is the provision that the gift of special property needs to go through relevant legal procedures.
Where the law provides that special procedures are required for the gift of property, such provisions shall be followed. This is mainly for special gifts, such as real estate. For example, in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Real Estate Management Law", if a real estate is donated, it shall apply to the real estate management department for registration of property ownership change. As for whether the registration has an impact on the establishment of the gift contract, it should be determined according to the provisions of relevant laws. If the registration procedure stipulated by law is only "filing", then the gift contract should be established even though the registration procedure has not been fulfilled; If the registration required by law is an important requirement for the contract to take effect, even if it is not registered, it will not affect the establishment of the contract, but the contract will not be effective; If the registration stipulated by law is a necessary condition for the establishment of a contract, then the registration procedures must be performed if the contract is to be established, otherwise the contract will not be established.
Article 188 If the donor fails to deliver the donated property in a gift contract or a notarized gift contract with the nature of social welfare and moral obligation such as disaster relief and poverty alleviation, the donee may demand delivery.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the responsibility of the donor not to deliver the donated property.
It is the donor’s obligation to deliver the donated property to the donee and transfer its ownership according to the donation contract.
Whether the donor’s failure to deliver the donated property constitutes a breach of contract and bears the liability for breach of contract shall be distinguished according to the purpose of the gift and whether the gift contract has been notarized. According to the provisions of the contract law, in general gift contracts, the donor can revoke the gift before transferring the right to give the property. Therefore, for this kind of gift contract, if the donor does not pay the donated property, the donee can’t ask the donor to pay the donated property, and the donor is not liable for breach of contract.
A gift contract or a notarized gift contract with the nature of social public welfare and moral obligation such as disaster relief and poverty alleviation shall be deemed as a breach of contract when the donor delays or fails to perform the obligation to pay the donated property. The donee may request the donor to pay the donated property, but if the donor still fails to do so, the donee may bring a lawsuit to the people’s court and demand it to perform the gift obligation.
As we all know, in the flood fighting and disaster relief fund-raising activities in 1998, hundreds of millions of yuan of money and materials were pledged by all sectors of society, some of which were pledged orally by telephone, and some of them were donated in the form of a pledge with official seals. Whether the pledge must be fulfilled became one of the focus topics in the society at that time. It is said that donation is a gift, and the nature of the gift contract is a practical contract. Only after the donor delivers the money and goods, the contract has legal significance. Before the money and goods are delivered, if the donor reneges, he will face moral condemnation at most and will not bear legal responsibility. On the other hand, pledging in public is a means for some enterprises to expand their popularity. Before holding a press conference, holding up signs and making subtitles, the pledging unit and the recipient unit signed more donation agreements or the pledging unit issued a pledge letter, which meant that it was not prudent. Donors do not honor their pledges, and some have the ability to fulfill them but deliberately delay them; Some of them are in poor operating conditions and still owe a lot of debts, in order to promote themselves. If there is a donation agreement, a pledge is issued or a donation is announced to the public, it is not only a deception to the public, but also a violation of the principle of good faith in law. In this regard, the law should clearly stipulate that donors must fulfill their donation obligations, and if they refuse to do so, they can request the people’s court to force them to do so.
The contract law stipulates that the donation has the nature of social welfare such as disaster relief and poverty alleviation. If the donor fails to deliver the donated property, the donee can ask for delivery, which legally regulates this kind of donation behavior.
As the gift contract is a unilateral contract, only the donor undertakes the obligations unilaterally. When the donor fails to fulfill the obligation to deliver the gift property, its liability should also be limited, unlike the general bilateral contract, it should also pay delayed interest or compensate other losses when fulfilling the payment obligation. If the donor fails to deliver the donated property as stipulated in the contract law, the donee may request delivery, that is, it does not include delay interest and other damages, but is limited to the donated property itself. This provision is also consistent with the provisions of some other countries and Taiwan Province. As stipulated in Germany, the donor is not obligated to pay the delayed interest. In Taiwan Province, China, it is stipulated that when the donor fails to fulfill his moral obligation, the donee may request to deliver the gift or its price. However, it shall not claim interest or other damages for non-performance.
Article 189 Where the donated property is damaged or lost due to intentional or gross negligence of the donor, the donor shall be liable for damages.
[Interpretation] This article is a provision on the responsibility that the donor should bear for the damage and loss of the donated property caused by intentional or gross negligence.
If the donated property is damaged or lost due to the donor’s intentional or gross negligence, what kind of responsibility should the donor bear? This provision indicates that when the donated property is ineffective or no longer exists due to the donor’s intentional or gross negligence, the donor may be exempted from the obligation to deliver the donated property, but shall be liable for other losses caused to the donor.
Article 190 A gift may be accompanied by obligations.
If the gift is accompanied by obligations, the donee shall perform the obligations as agreed.
[Interpretation] This article is a provision on gifts with obligations.
(A) the concept of gift with obligations and its characteristics
A gift with obligations, also known as a gift with burdens, refers to a gift on the condition that the donee pays a certain amount to the donor or a third person, even if the donee bears certain obligations after accepting the gift. The gift with obligation is different from the general gift, but belongs to a special gift. Characterized in that:
1. Generally speaking, the donee only enjoys the right to obtain the donated property and does not undertake any obligations. For a gift with obligations, the donor attaches certain conditions to the gift, so that the donee assumes certain obligations.
2. Gifts with obligations have certain limits, which are usually lower than the value of the donated property.
3. Under normal circumstances, the performance of the donee’s obligations will not occur until the donor has fulfilled the gift obligation, but it is also acceptable unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
4. The obligations attached to the gift may be agreed to be performed by the donor, a third party or an unspecified majority.
5. Fulfilling the obligation of the gift can be an act or an omission according to the agreement of the parties.
6. The obligation attached to the gift is an integral part of the gift contract, not another independent contract.
(two) the effectiveness of the gift with obligations
1. The donee shall perform the obligations as agreed in the contract. After the donor pays the donated property to the donee, the donee shall perform its obligations according to the contract. If the donee fails to perform, the donor has the right to require the donee to perform his obligations or cancel the gift. If the donor cancels the gift, the donee shall return the donated property to the donor.
There are regulations in some countries and Taiwan Province in China that the donee should fulfill the obligation of gift according to the contract. As stipulated in Germany, if the donor has paid, he may request to fulfill his burden. If the donee fails to perform the burden, the donor may, in accordance with the provisions on the return of unjust enrichment, request the return of the gift according to the elements of the right of rescission stipulated in the contract between the two parties. For example, in Taiwan Province, China, if the donor has paid for the gift and the donee fails to fulfill its burden, the donor may request the donee to fulfill its burden or cancel the gift.
2. The donee has the responsibility to fulfill his obligations only within the value limit of the donated property. The gift is a free contract, and its purpose is to benefit the donee. If the attached obligations exceed the value of the donated property, the donee will suffer disadvantage, which is also inconsistent with the original purpose of the gift. Therefore, if the donated property is not enough to offset its attached obligations, the donee is only responsible for fulfilling its obligations within the value limit of the donated property. In other words, if the obligations attached to the gift exceed the value of the donated property, the donee is not responsible for fulfilling the obligations that exceed the value of the donated property.
German and Chinese Taiwan Province also stipulate the limits of the donee’s performance of obligations. Germany stipulates that if the value of the gift is obviously insufficient to cover the expenses required for fulfilling the burden due to the defect of the right or the gift, the donee may refuse to fulfill the burden until the insufficiency caused by the defect is compensated. If the donee performs the burden without knowing that it is defective, the donee may request the donor to repay the expenses to the extent that the expenses incurred by the donee in performing the burden exceed the value of the defective gift. In Taiwan Province, China, it is stipulated that if the gift with a burden is not enough to cover the burden, the donee is only responsible for fulfilling the burden within the value limit of the gift.
3. In the gift with obligations, if the donated property is defective, the donor shall bear the same liability to guarantee the defects as the seller within the limits of the obligations attached to the gift (see below for details).
Article 191 Where the donated property is defective, the donor shall not be liable. For a gift with obligations, if the donated property is defective, the donor shall bear the same responsibilities as the seller within the limits of obligations.
If the donor intentionally fails to inform of the defects or guarantees that there are no defects, thus causing losses to the donee, he shall be liable for damages.
[Interpretation] This article is about the donor’s liability to guarantee the defects of the donated property.
Because the gift contract is a free contract and the gift is an act for the benefit of the donee, the donor’s liability for guaranteeing the defects of the donated property is different from that of the paid contract. The connotation of this article has three aspects:
(1) If the donated property is defective, the donor shall not be liable in principle.
(2) In a gift with obligations, if the donated property is defective, the donor shall bear the same responsibilities as the seller within the limits of the obligations attached to the donee. As far as the general gift is concerned, the donor does not bear the liability for warranty of defects in principle. However, for the gift with obligations, although the donee receives benefits, he has to fulfill the agreed obligations. If the donated property is defective, it will inevitably lead to the loss of the recipient’s interests, which does not correspond to the rights and obligations stipulated in the contract, so that the recipient suffers losses. In order to protect the interests of the donee and seek fairness, the donor should bear the responsibility of defect guarantee. As far as the obligations performed by the donee are concerned, it is just like the position of the buyer in the sales contract. Therefore, the donor should bear the same liability for warranty of defects as the seller in the sales contract within the limits of the obligations attached to the donee.
(3) If the donor intentionally fails to inform of the defects or guarantees that there are no defects and causes losses to the donee, he shall be liable for damages. It is subjectively malicious for the donor to intentionally fail to inform that the donated property is defective, which also violates the principle of good faith. If the defects of the donated property cause other property losses or personal injuries to the donee, he shall be liable for damages. If the donor intentionally fails to inform of the defect, but does not cause losses to the donee, he shall not be liable for compensation. If the donor guarantees that the gift is flawless and causes losses to the donee, he shall also be liable for damages.
There are some regulations on the donor’s liability for warranty against defects in foreign countries and Taiwan Province, but there are some differences. As stipulated in Japan, the donor is not responsible for the defect or lack of the donated subject matter or right. However, this restriction does not apply if the donor knows that there is a defect or deficiency but does not inform the donee. For a gift with a burden, the donor shall bear the same guarantee responsibility as the seller within the limit of the burden. Germany stipulates that the donor deliberately conceals the defects of the right or the gift, and is liable for the damage caused by the defects of the donee. According to the regulations in Taiwan Province, the donator is not liable for guarantee if the gift or right is defective. However, if the donor intentionally fails to inform him of the defects, or guarantees that he is free from defects, he shall be liable to compensate the donee for the damage caused by the defects. If there is any defect in the gift or right attached to the burden, the donor shall bear the same guarantee responsibility as the seller within the limit of the burden borne by the donee. Thus, Japan, Germany and Taiwan Province all stipulate that the donator should bear the liability for compensation if he intentionally fails to inform the donator of the defects of the gift and causes damage to the donee. As for the liability for damages caused to the donee by the donor’s guarantee that there is no defect, Taiwan Province area of China has made provisions, but Japanese and German have not.
Article 192 If the donee is in any of the following circumstances, the donor may revoke the gift:
(a) serious infringement of the donor or the donor’s close relatives;
(two) the donor has the obligation to support and fails to perform;
(3) Failing to perform the obligations stipulated in the gift contract.
The donor’s right of revocation shall be exercised within one year from the date when he knows or should know the reason for revocation.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the statutory revocation of the donor and the period during which the right of revocation is exercised.
The legal revocation of a gift contract means that after the gift contract is established, the revocation right holder can revoke the gift under the circumstances stipulated by law. The difference between legal revocation and arbitrary revocation of a gift lies in: first, the revocation of a gift must be based on the reasons stipulated by law; Second, as long as there are legal reasons, no matter what form the gift contract is concluded or even notarized, no matter whether the donated property has been delivered or not, no matter whether the gift belongs to social welfare and moral obligation, everyone who has the right to cancel the gift can cancel it.
Gift is an act that makes the donee gain benefits. If the donee has done harm or other ungrateful acts to the donator, the law should give the donator the right to revoke the gift. The legal revocation of a gift contract is an illegal act of the donee or an act that violates the stipulations of the gift contract. The donor’s right to revoke the gift according to law is an important content of legal protection for the donor.
(a) the legal revocation of the donor
According to the provisions of this article, the three legal situations in which the donor can revoke the gift have the following meanings:
1. The donee seriously infringes on the donor or the donor’s close relatives. The main points are as follows: First, the donee committed a serious infringement, not a slight and general infringement. Second, the donee infringes on the donor himself or his close relatives, including spouses, immediate family members (parents, children, grandparents, grandchildren, grandchildren, etc.) and brothers and sisters. If it infringes on other relatives and friends, it is not included.
As to whether the recipient’s infringement must be intentional or not, the legislation of some countries and Taiwan Province is different. For example, according to German regulations, when the donee commits a major infringement or a major ingratitude to the donor or his close relatives, the donor may revoke his gift. In Taiwan Province, China, however, it is stipulated that the donee has intentionally infringed on the donor or his nearest relatives, and there is a clear penalty in accordance with the criminal law; And if the donor fails to perform the maintenance obligation, the donor may revoke his gift. It can be seen that the legal reasons for revoking the gift in Germany are relatively loose, and it does not specifically point out that it is intentional behavior, nor does it emphasize that the donor can revoke the gift if it reaches the level of crime. In Taiwan Province, China, the conditions are more strict, which is both intentional and criminal. According to the contract law of our country, as long as the donee seriously infringes on the donor or the donor’s close relatives, the donor can revoke the gift, not limited to intentional and criminal acts.
2. The donee has the obligation to support the donor and fails to perform it. The main points are as follows: first, the donee has the obligation to support the donor. Second, the donee has the ability to support the donor, but does not fulfill the obligation to support the donor. If the donee has no ability to support or has lost the ability to support, the donor does not have the right to revoke the gift.
3. The donee fails to perform the obligations stipulated in the gift contract. The main points are as follows: first, the gift contract stipulates that the donee has certain obligations. Second, the donor has delivered the donated property to the donee. Third, the donee fails to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the gift contract. In a gift with obligations, the donee shall fulfill his obligations as agreed. After the donor has delivered the donated property to the donee, if the donee fails to fulfill his obligations, the donor may revoke the gift.
In order to determine the future of the gift relationship as soon as possible, the revocation right holder shall exercise the revocation right in time according to law. The period for the donor to exercise the right of revocation is one year, counting from the day when he knows or should know the reason for revocation. This period belongs to scheduled period, that is, the exercise period of a certain right is predetermined by law, and there is no question of suspension, interruption and extension. If the holder of the right of revocation fails to exercise the right of revocation within the period prescribed by law, his right of revocation shall be extinguished.
Article 193 If the donor dies or loses his capacity for civil conduct due to the donee’s illegal act, the donor’s successor or legal representative may revoke the gift.
The right of revocation of the donor’s heir or legal representative shall be exercised within six months from the date when he knows or should know the reason for revocation.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the statutory revocation of the heir or legal representative of the donor and the period during which the right of revocation is exercised.
The right of revocation of the gift should have belonged to the donor, but when the donor died or lost his capacity for civil conduct due to the illegal behavior of the donee, the donor’s right of revocation could not be exercised in fact. Only when the donor’s heir or legal representative exercises the right of revocation can the donor’s right and willingness to cancel the gift be realized. At the same time, only when the donor can’t exercise his revocation right, the donor’s heir or legal representative has the right to revoke the gift. Therefore, the heir or legal representative of the donor must revoke the gift based on the legal situation that the donor died or lost his capacity for civil conduct due to the illegal behavior of the donee.
The reasons for the donor’s heirs to exercise the right of revocation are also different in other legislative cases. The rule in Germany is that the donor’s heir has the right to revoke the gift only when the donee causes the donor’s death due to intentional and illegal acts. It is stipulated in Italy that if the donee is sentenced for intentionally killing the donor or intentionally preventing the donor from revoking the gift, the heir of the donor can file a lawsuit to revoke the gift. It is stipulated in Taiwan Province that if the donee causes the death of the donor or prevents him from being revoked as a gift due to intentional illegal behavior, the heir of the gift may revoke his gift. It can be seen that in the case of the donor’s heir revoking the gift in Germany, there is no reason why the donee obstructs or prevents the donor from revoking the gift.
The period for the heir or legal representative of the donor to exercise the right of revocation is six months, counting from the day when he knows or should know the reason for revocation.
Article 194 Where the revocation right holder revokes the gift, he may request the donee to return the donated property.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the effectiveness of the exercise of the right of revocation.
The legal revocation right of the gift should be the right of formation, which will take effect once the revocation right holder exercises it, thus dissolving the gift relationship. When the donated property is not delivered, the donor may refuse the gift; If the gift is revoked after the delivery of the donated property, the donor or his successor or legal representative may request the donee to return the donated property.
Article 195 If the donor’s financial situation has deteriorated significantly, which has seriously affected his production, operation or family life, he may no longer perform his gift obligation.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the statutory circumstances under which the donor can no longer perform the gift obligation.
This provision shows that after the conclusion of the gift contract or after the donor has partially fulfilled the gift obligation, the donor’s economic situation has deteriorated significantly, seriously affecting his production, operation or family life, and the donor can no longer fulfill the gift obligation agreed in the gift contract or part of the gift obligation agreed in the gift contract but not yet fulfilled. If the donor no longer performs the gift obligation, it shall meet the statutory conditions stipulated in this article: First, the economic situation has deteriorated significantly, which occurred after the gift contract was established, not before it was established. If one’s own economic situation is already very bad, he still expresses his intention to give to others. In fact, his intention to give is insincere, and the gift contract has no basis for performance. Second, the economic situation has deteriorated significantly, which has seriously affected the production economy of enterprises, or made it difficult for individuals to maintain their normal livelihood and fulfill their maintenance obligations. If the above conditions are met, no matter how the gift contract is concluded and the nature of the gift, the donor can no longer perform the unfulfilled gift obligation.
Related to this, the outstanding problem in real life is that in social welfare activities such as disaster relief and poverty alleviation, some enterprises explicitly express their pledges in public or in the form of pledges, and then refuse to cash the pledged funds and materials on the grounds of poor business conditions. In this regard, can the relevant enterprises no longer fulfill their gift obligations? If the enterprise’s economic situation deteriorates significantly after the pledge, which seriously affects its production and operation, it may no longer perform its gift obligation, otherwise it shall continue to perform its gift obligation. For those enterprises that have no financial ability to donate, or even are on the verge of bankruptcy, they promote their image purely for commercial purposes, and after pledging, they say that the enterprise’s economic situation is not good enough to fulfill the gift obligation. The author believes that the provision of "can no longer fulfill the gift obligation" cannot be simply applied. If losses are caused to the donee, they should bear the liability for damages and compensate the losses caused to the donee.
When drafting the provisions of the statutory circumstances in which the donor can no longer perform the gift obligation, the question of whether the donor’s economic situation has deteriorated significantly, seriously affecting his production, operation or family life, and whether he can request the donee to properly return the donated property has been studied and discussed. On this issue, other legislative cases are also different. For example, Germany stipulates that the donor may refuse to perform the agreement given by gift because he is unable to perform the agreement because he considers other obligations he has undertaken, such as not damaging his livelihood equivalent to his own status or the maintenance obligation imposed by law. It is also stipulated that the donor may, in accordance with the provisions on the return of unjust enrichment, request the donee to return the donated goods, provided that the donor cannot maintain a livelihood commensurate with his own status after performing the gift, or cannot perform the statutory maintenance obligations for his relatives, spouses or ex-spouses. It can be seen that Germany not only allows the donor to refuse to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the gift contract, but also gives the donor the right to request the recipient to return the gift after fulfilling the gift obligation. In Taiwan Province, China, however, it is stipulated that the donor’s economic situation has changed significantly after the donation agreement. If the donation has a significant impact on his livelihood or hinders the performance of his maintenance obligations, he may refuse to perform the donation. It can be seen that its provisions do not request the return of the contents of the gift.
The draft contract law has stipulated that if the donor’s economic situation deteriorates significantly, which seriously affects his production, operation or family life, he may refuse to perform the gift obligation or request the proper return of the donated property. For this provision, some comrades in departments and units believe that it is not appropriate to make a provision that the donor can request the return of the donated property. The reasons are as follows: 1. After the gift of the property, times have changed. If the donated property has been consumed, it is difficult to return it. Especially for donations for public welfare purposes such as disaster relief, poverty alleviation, and student aid, if the money and materials have been used for donation projects, such as disaster relief materials have been distributed, and the money and materials for student aid have been built into "Hope Primary School", it is unrealistic to return them. 2. If the gift is returned, it will lead to difficulties in the life, production and operation of the donee, and it is unfair to the donee. 3. It is not conducive to the stability of the relationship between the parties to request the return of the property after it is given away. The contract law adopted the above opinions and deleted the content that "the donor can properly request the return of the donated property".

Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University made a public apology for ＂female teachers being expelled for cancer＂

Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University made a public apology for "female teachers being expelled for cancer"

　　The picture shows that on August 22, Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University publicly apologized for the incident of "female teachers being expelled from cancer". Screenshot of official website from Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University　

　　Lanzhou, August 23 (Xinhua)-The official website of Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University published an "Apology Letter" on the 22nd, saying that Bowen College did not know the real situation and made a decision to terminate the labor contract, and publicly apologized to Liu Yuli and his family.

　　The Letter of Apology said: "Recently, the society has paid great attention to teacher Liu Lingli ‘ Be expelled for cancer ’ One thing is of great concern. After Mr. Liu became ill, the college made a hasty decision to terminate the labor contract before grasping the real situation, which was really inappropriate. Just when we were discussing with you the related problems to be solved soon, Mr. Liu died unfortunately, leaving a deep regret, which is regrettable. We are very sad about the death of Teacher Liu Lingli. Because of this decision of the college, it has caused serious harm to Teacher Liu Lingli and you, and caused a bad influence in society. Here, we once again express our most sincere apologies! "

　　Recently, "Liu Lingli, an English teacher at Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, was expelled from the school because of cancer, and the court ruled that the expulsion decision was invalid and the school failed to perform", which aroused widespread concern in society.

　　According to media reports, the document "Lan Bo Yuan Fa (2016) No.81" issued by Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University on the 22nd stated that all departments (rooms) and departments (departments) of the college were informed that according to the final judgment of the Civil Judgment of Lanzhou Intermediate People’s Court of Gansu Province (20165 Gan 01 Min Zhong No.992), Bowen College resumed Liu Lingli’s labor relations according to the first and second instance judgments. The document also pointed out that this decision will be implemented as of January 19, 2015.

　　Bowen College of Lanzhou Jiaotong University also pointed out in the Letter of Apology that through this incident, the college will deeply reflect, strengthen management, improve the system, and live up to the concern, support and understanding of all sectors of society. (End)